gap: Genetic Analysis Package

A preliminary attempt at collecting tools and utilities for genetic data as an R package called gap is described. Genomewide association is then described as a specific example, linking the work of Risch and Merikangas (1996), Long and Langley (1997) for family-based and population-based studies, and the counterpart for case-cohort design established by Cai and Zeng (2004). Analysis of staged design as outlined by Skol et al. (2006) and associate methods are discussed. The package is flexible, customizable, and should prove useful to researchers especially in its application to genomewide association studies.

gap: Genetic Analysis Package

A preliminary attempt at collecting tools and utilities for genetic data as an R package called gap is described. Genomewide association is then described as a specific example, linking the work of Risch and Merikangas (1996), Long and Langley (1997) for family-based and population-based studies, and the counterpart for case-cohort design established by Cai and Zeng (2004). Analysis of staged design as outlined by Skol et al. (2006) and associate methods are discussed. The package is flexible, customizable, and should prove useful to researchers especially in its application to genomewide association studies

Relationship between Vomiting Toxin and Quality in Wheat and its Changes during Processing

In this study, unit weight, Gibberella damaged kernels, imperfect kernels, color, vomiting-toxin and other indexes in wheat samples were studied and tested.Through data analysis, it was concluded that there was a certain positive correlation between vomiting-toxin and scab grains in wheat.And the content of vomit toxin in different parts of wheat grain was detected.The results showed that the cortex and aleurone layer were higher than the endosperm.After screening wheat, impurities and scab grains were removed.And the vomiting-toxin content would decrease from 4.6% to 22%.Comparing the content of vomiting-toxin in wheat flour and wheat flour steamed buns, it was found that wheat flour was not decreased and still had high residue after cooking and other processing

Differential quadrature solutions to dynamic response of cylindrical shell subjected to thermal shock

The dynamic response of the cylindrical shell subjected to thermal shock is investigated. Based on the classical shell theory, dynamic governing equations of thin shell with the simply supported edges under thermal shock are derived by using Hamilton principle. The temperature field, the thermal axial force and the thermal bending moment are obtained in combination of Laplace transform and series expansion when the internal surface of shell is subjected to thermal shock loading. Considering of the axisymmetric deformation, the transient displacements and thermal stresses of the shell are obtained using the differential quadrature method. The effects of the thermal shock load and the geometrical parameters of the cylindrical shell on the central deflection, the axial displacement, the bending configurations and the transient thermal stresses are analyzed

Bi- and tri-dentate imino-based iron and cobalt pre-catalysts for ethylene oligo-/polymerization

Recent progress on the use of iron and cobalt complex pre-catalysts for ethylene reactivity is reviewed. The review is organized in terms of the denticity of the chelate ligands employed, with particular reference to the influence of the ligand frameworks and their substituents on the catalytic performance for ethylene oligomerization/polymerization catalysis. The majority of the systems bear tri-dentate ligation at the iron/cobalt centre, though it is clear that bi-dentate iron/cobalt complex pre-catalysts have also attracted significant attention. Such systems produce in most cases highly linear products ranging from oligomeric α-olefins to high molecular weight polyethylene, and as such are promising candidates for both academic and industrial considerations

Mixed Modeling with Whole Genome Data

Objective. We consider the need for a modeling framework for related individuals and various sources of variations. The relationships could either be among relatives in families or among unrelated individuals in a general population with cryptic relatedness; both could be refined or derived with whole genome data. As with variations they can include oliogogenes, polygenes, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and covariates. Methods. We describe mixed models as a coherent theoretical framework to accommodate correlations for various types of outcomes in relation to many sources of variations. The framework also extends to consortium meta-analysis involving both population-based and family-based studies. Results. Through examples we show that the framework can be furnished with general statistical packages whose great advantage lies in simplicity and exibility to study both genetic and environmental effects. Areas which require further work are also indicated. Conclusion. Mixed models will play an important role in practical analysis of data on both families and unrelated individuals when whole genome information is available

Joint State Estimation and Noise Identification Based on Variational Optimization

In this article, the state estimation problems with unknown process noise and measurement noise covariances for both linear and nonlinear systems are considered. By formulating the joint estimation of system state and noise parameters into an optimization problem, a novel adaptive Kalman filter method based on conjugate-computation variational inference, referred to as CVIAKF, is proposed to approximate the joint posterior probability density function of the latent variables. Unlike the existing adaptive Kalman filter methods utilizing variational inference in natural-parameter space, CVIAKF performs optimization in expectation-parameter space, resulting in a faster and simpler solution. Meanwhile, CVIAKF divides optimization objectives into conjugate and non-conjugate parts of nonlinear dynamical models, whereas conjugate computations and stochastic mirror-descent are applied, respectively. Remarkably, the reparameterization trick is used to reduce the variance of stochastic gradients of the non-conjugate parts. The effectiveness of CVIAKF is validated through synthetic and real-world datasets of maneuvering target tracking.Comment: 13 page