Interplay between Quantum Size Effect and Strain Effect on Growth of Nanoscale Metal Thin Film

We develop a theoretical framework to investigate the interplay between quantum size effect (QSE) and strain effect on the stability of metal nanofilms. The QSE and strain effect are shown to be coupled through the concept of "quantum electronic stress. First-principles calculations reveal large quantum oscillations in the surface stress of metal nanofilms as a function of film thickness. This adds extrinsically additional strain-coupled quantum oscillations to surface energy of strained metal nanofilms. Our theory enables a quantitative estimation of the amount of strain in experimental samples, and suggests strain be an important factor contributing to the discrepancies between the existing theories and experiments

Validating the Bogoliubov-de Gennes Treatment for Majorana Conductances in Three-Terminal Transports

In order to demonstrate the nature of nonlocality of the Majorana zero modes (MZMs),we consider a two-lead (three-terminal) setup of transport and construct a Majorana master equation (which is also valid for small bias voltage).We first carry out a representative result of current then show that only a modified Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) treatment can consistently recover the same result. Based on the interplay of the two approaches, in contrast to the conventional BdG treatment, we predict the existence of nonvanishing channels of teleportation and crossed Andreev reflections at the limit $\epsilon_M \to 0$ (zero coupling energy of the MZMs),which consequently leads to specific predictions of different heights of the zero-bias-peak of the local conductance and different $\epsilon_M$-scaling behaviors of the "teleportation" conductance. Verification of these two predictions by experiments will further clarify the proposal of the present research to modify the conventional BdG treatment (in quantum transport), which is broadly employed in literature.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure

Research on Model of Harmony Sustainable Development between ECS and SRS： from Perspective of Resource Entropy

Combining the theory of dissipative structure systems, resource entropy and stakeholder, the article gave the definition of Stakeholder Resource System (SRS), analyzed sustainable development model of Enterprise Complex System (ESC) from the perspective of resource entropy, as well as sustainable development model of stakeholder resource system. Finally, based on the above analysis, the article studied Harmony Sustainable Development model of ECS and SRS. Key words: Stakeholder Resource System; Enterprise Complex System; Resource Entropy; Harmony Sustainable Development Résumé: En combinant la théorie du système de structure dissipative, l'entropie des ressources et les intervenants, l'article a donné une définition du système des ressources des intervenants(SRS), analysé à la fois des modèles de développement durable du système complexe de l'entreprise(CES) du point de vue de l'entropie des ressources et des modèles de développement durable du système des ressources des parties prenantes. Enfin, à part l'analyse ci-dessus, l'article a étudié également le modèle du développement durable harmonieux d'ECS et de SRS. Mots-Clés: système des ressources des intervenants, système complexe de l’entreprise, entropie des ressources, développement durable harmonieu

Empirical study on clique-degree distribution of networks

The community structure and motif-modular-network hierarchy are of great importance for understanding the relationship between structures and functions. In this paper, we investigate the distribution of clique-degree, which is an extension of degree and can be used to measure the density of cliques in networks. The empirical studies indicate the extensive existence of power-law clique-degree distributions in various real networks, and the power-law exponent decreases with the increasing of clique size.Comment: 9 figures, 4 page

The chloride channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) controls cellular quiescence by hyperpolarizing the cell membrane during diapause in the crustacean Artemia

Cellular quiescence, a reversible state in which growth, proliferation, and other cellular activities are arrested, is important for self-renewal, differentiation, development, regeneration, and stress resistance. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying cellular quiescence remain largely unknown. In the present study, we used embryos of the crustacean Artemia in the diapause stage, in which these embryos remain quiescent for prolonged periods, as a model to explore the relationship between cell-membrane potential (V-mem) and quiescence. We found that V-mem is hyperpolarized and that the intracellular chloride concentration is high in diapause embryos, whereas V-mem is depolarized and intracellular chloride concentration is reduced in postdiapause embryos and during further embryonic development. We identified and characterized the chloride ion channel protein cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) of Artemia (Ar-CFTR) and found that its expression is silenced in quiescent cells of Artemia diapause embryos but remains constant in all other embryonic stages. Ar-CFTR knockdown and GlyH-101-mediated chemical inhibition of Ar-CFTR produced diapause embryos having a high V-mem and intracellular chloride concentration, whereas control Artemia embryos released free-swimming nauplius larvae. Transcriptome analysis of embryos at different developmental stages revealed that proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism are suppressed in diapause embryos and restored in postdiapause embryos. Combined with RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of GlyH-101-treated MCF-7 breast cancer cells, these analyses revealed that CFTR inhibition down-regulates the Wnt and Aurora Kinase A (AURKA) signaling pathways and up-regulates the p53 signaling pathway. Our findings provide insight into CFTR-mediated regulation of cellular quiescence and V-mem in the Artemia model

4-Allyl-2-meth­oxy­phenyl 3,4-dichloro­benzene­sulfonate

The title compound, C16H14Cl2O4S, was obtained by the reaction of eugenol (4-allyl-2-meth­oxy­phenol) and 3,4-dichloro­benzene­sulfonyl chloride. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings in the mol­ecule is 40.53 (4)°. No significantly short inter­molecular contacts are observed in the crystal structure

Convenient and General Zinc-Catalyzed Borylation of Aryl Diazonium Salts and Aryltriazenes under Mild Conditions

A convenient and general zinc-catalyzed borylation of aryl diazonium salts and aryltriazenes has been developed. With bis- (pinacolato)diboron as the borylation reagent, aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborate salts and aryltriazenes were transformed into the corresponding arylboronates in moderate to excellent yields under mild conditions. As a convenient and practical methodology, no additional ligands, base, or any other additives are required here

Stimulated Raman phase shift spectroscopy: a pathway to hyperfine fingerprint spectra

The principle and experimental realization of a novel Raman spectroscopic technique entitled stimulated Raman phase shift (SRPS) spectroscopy was demonstrated. This technique depends on the measurement of the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) induced phase shift of Stokes light field ($\Delta$ $\phi$) that is related to the real part of the third order nonlinear susceptibility of SRS. In principle, the spectral lineshape of 1/|$\Delta$ $\phi$| is a delta function waveform, which is insensitive to the fluctuation of Stokes light intensity, the decoherence of phonon in materials, as well as the inhomogeneous fluorescence background. In order to measure 1/|$\Delta$ $\phi$|, a SRPS including a Mach-Zender interferometer and a signal processing device was developed. Using the developed spectrometer, the SRPS and stimulated Raman gain (SRG) spectra of neat dimethyl sulfoxide were detected simultaneously. Seven Raman peaks corresponding to specific molecule vibrational and rotational modes were observed in the SRPS spectra, while only two peaks could be identified in the SRG spectra without a priori knowledge. The linewidth of the Raman peak centered at 2913.283 cm$^{-1}$ indicating the v$_s$(CH$_3$)stretching mode of the methyl groups was less than 0.00036 cm$^{-1}$ in the measured SRPS spectra, which was almost four orders of magnitude narrower than that in the measured SRG spectra. Meanwhile, the detection signal-to-noise ratio of the Raman peak centered at 2913.283 cm$^{-1}$ was 25.3 dB, representing an increase of 14.3 dB compared to the SRG spectra. The reliability of SRPS technique was verified by 10 independent measurements, and the standard deviation of the Raman peak frequency was less than $\pm$0.338 cm$^{-1}$ . The SRPS technique paves the way for characterizing the hyperfine fingerprint of materials