Environmental impact of aquaculture on the marine benthos: exclusion - inclusion experiments

The present paper studies the impact of aquacultural organic wastes and wild fish on the macroinfauna assemblage and on the biogeochemical properties of marine sediments. Exclusion experiments were carried out on coarse and fine sands. Wild fish might reduce the organic material pool by eating feed, feces and infauna, as well as by facilitating the transport of organic materials to other areas. Granulometry stands out as the most important factor in the response of different sediments. We conclude that wild fish can reduce the impact of organic waste from aquaculture.Se ha examinado el impacto de una descarga de materiales orgánicos procedentes de una instalación de acuicultura y se estudia la influencia de la ictiofauna silvestre sobre el ensamblaje de la macroinfauna y las propiedades biogeoquímicas del sedimento. Se realizaron experimentos de exclusión sobre fondos de arenas gruesas y de arenas finas. La ictiofauna silvestre puede suavizar la acumulación de materia orgánica debajo de las jaulas flotantes consumiendo las heces, el pienso y la infauna, o bien facilitando la resuspensión y transporte de materia orgánica a otras zonas. La granulometría se ha destacado como la característica más importante que explica la diferenciación en la respuesta de los sedimentos. Se puede concluir que la ictiofauna silvestre suaviza los impactos derivados del excedente de materia orgánica de las granjas marinas.Instituto Español de Oceanografí

The MEDESS-GIB database: tracking the Atlantic water inflow

García Sotillo, Marcos ... et al.-- 9 pages, 5 figures, 2 tablesOn 9 September 2014, an intensive drifter deployment was carried out in the Strait of Gibraltar. In the frame of the MEDESS-4MS Project (EU MED Program), the MEDESS-GIB experiment consisted of the deployment of 35 satellite tracked drifters, mostly of CODE-type, equipped with temperature sensor sampling at a rate of 30 min. Drifters were distributed along and on both sides of the Strait of Gibraltar. The MEDESS-GIB deployment plan was designed as to ensure quasi-synoptic spatial coverage. To this end, four boats covering an area of about 680NM2 in 6 h were coordinated. As far as these authors know, this experiment is the most important exercise in the area in terms of number of drifters released. Collected satellite-tracked data along drifter trajectories have been quality controlled and processed to build the presented MEDESS-GIB database. This paper reports the MEDESS-GIB data set that comprises drifter trajectories, derived surface currents and in situ SST measurements collected along the buoys tracks. This series of data is available through the PANGAEA (Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Science) repository, with the following doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.853701. Likewise, the MEDESS-GIB data will be incorporated as part of the Copernicus Marine historical products. The MEDESS-GIB data set provides a complete Lagrangian view of the surface inflow of Atlantic waters through the Strait of Gibraltar and thus, very useful data for further studies on the surface circulation patterns in the Alboran Sea, and their links with one of the most energetic Mediterranean Sea flows: the Algerian CurrentThe MEDESS-GIB experiment was performed as part of the MEDESS-4MS Project activities (Project ref. 2S-MED11-01), supported by the European Regional Development Fund in the framework of the MED Programme. D. Conti is currently a PhD fellowship (FPI/1543/2013) granted by the Conselleria d’Educació, Cultura i Universitats from the Government of the Balearic Islands co-financed by the European Social Fund. J. M. Sayol is thankful for the financial support of CSIC and FSE with the JAE-pre PhD scholarship programPeer Reviewe

COSMO: Corrientes Marinas y Seguridad en el Medio Marino

Ejercicio internacional de salvamento y lucha contra la contaminación marina "Polex 24-17" organizado por la Dirección General de Marina Mercante y Salvamento Marítimo del 14 al 16 de junio de 2017 en SantanderDisponer en tiempo real de información sobre las corrientes oceánicas es clave para algunos de los servicios encomendados a la Sociedad de Salvamento y Seguridad Marítima y al Cuerpo Nacional de Policía (CNP). Un alto porcentaje de las emergencias de búsqueda de personas y náufragos, y de los incidentes de contaminación gestionados por Salvamento Marítimo, tienen lugar en zonas cercanas a la costa. Asimismo, el 71% de los casos de restos humanos no identificados (CSI) acontecidos en España durante el período 1968-2015 se da en zonas costeras. El proyecto COSMO busca mejorar la eficacia de las operaciones de búsqueda y de predicción de derivas, y mejorar la proporción de identificaciones positivas acelerando la resolución de casos de recuperación de restos humanosProyecto cofinanciado por el Ministerio de Economía Industria y Competitividad y Fondos FEDER de la UE (COSMO-CTM2016-79474-R, UE)Peer Reviewe

Chaplygin gas may prevent big trip

This Letter deals with the study of the accretion of a generalized Chaplygin gas with equation of state p=-A/ρα onto wormholes. We have obtained that when dominant energy condition is violated the size of wormhole increases with the scale factor up to a given plateau. On the regime where the dominant energy condition is satisfied our model predicts a steady decreasing of the wormhole size as generalized Chaplygin gas is accreted. Our main conclusion is that the big trip mechanism is prevented in a large region of the physical parameters of the used model. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.We acknowledge P.F. González-Díaz, María del Prado Martín and Milagros Rodríguez for constructive discussions and criticisms. This work was supported by DGICYT under Research Projects BMF2002-03758 and BFM2002-00778.Peer Reviewe

El experimento MEDGIB: estudio de la dinámica en aguas del estrecho y Mar de Alborán

XIII Jornadas Españolas de Ingeniería de Costas y Puertos, 24-25 June 2015, Avilés, AsturiasPeer Reviewe

Fundamental gaps in numerical semigroups

We introduce the concept of fundamental gap of a numerical semigroup. We give lower and upper bounds for the number of fundamental gaps of a numerical semigroup in terms of its Frobenius number. Finally we derive several applications from the properties of fundamental gaps. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Peer Reviewe

Search and rescue exercices, a serious game to test present ocean operational systems

2nd International Ocean Research Conference, One planet one ocean, 17-21 November 2014, Barcelona, SpainThe advent of earth observation systems from satellite have greatly improved the ability of ocean operational systems (OOS) to make better forecasts at global and regional scales. One of the important applications of present OOS is the assessment to improve the strategies to search and rescue people and objects drifting at sea. We present the results from a series of regular search and rescue exercises simulating true shipwrecks by deploying dummies and life boats equiped with satellite tracked systems. In most cases several ocean operational models were available and intercompared\to validate their ability to provide accurate forecasts. The results clearly showed in an obvious way that improvements were obtained when the initial states of OOS capture true initial conditions. In such cases although the lagrangian trajectories did not match the real trajectories the target was found inside the preset searching area. However, when OOS failed simple procedures based on real time data were also able to provide successful results which stressed the importance and benefits of keeping marine observational networksPeer Reviewe

How is the surface Atlantic water inflow through the Gibraltar Strait forecasted? A lagrangian validation of operational oceanographic services in the Alboran Sea and the Western Mediterranean

IV Encuentro Oceanografía Física Española, celebrado del 20 al 22 de julio de 2016 en Alicante,España.-- 2 pages, 7 figuresAn exhaustive validation of operational ocean forecast products available in the Gibraltar Strait and the Alboran Sea is presented. The skill of two ocean model solutions (i.e. the regional CMEMS IBI and the local PdE SAMPA ones) in reproducing the complex surface dynamics in the above areas is evaluated. To this aim, in-situ measurements from 35 drifter buoys (the MEDESS-GIB database) are used as observational reference. A Lagrangian separation distance and a skill score have been applied to evaluate the performance of the modeling systems in reproducing the observed trajectories. Furthermore, the SST validation with in-situ data is carried out by means of validating the model solutions with L3 satellite SST products. The IBI products are evaluated in an extended domain, beyond the Alboran Sea, covering western Mediterranean waters. This analysis reveals some strengths of the regional solution (i.e. realistic values of the Atlantic Jet in the Strait, realistic simulation of the Algerian Current), together with some shortcomings (the major one related to the simulated geographical position and intensity of the Alboran Gyres, particularly the western one). On the other hand, the SAMPA system shows a more accurate model performance and it realistically reproduces the observed surface circulation in the area. The results reflect the effectiveness of the dynamical downscaling performed through the SAMPA system with respect to the regional IBI solution (in which SAMPA is nested), providing an objective measure of the potential added values introduced by the SAMPA downscaling solution in the Alboran SeaPeer Reviewe

Effectiveness of the combination elvitegravir/cobicistat/tenofovir/emtricitabine (EVG/COB/TFV/FTC) plus darunavir among treatment-experienced patients in clinical practice : A multicentre cohort study

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and tolerability of the combination elvitegravir/cobicistat/tenofovir/emtricitabine plus darunavir (EVG/COB/TFV/FTC + DRV) in treatment-experienced patients from the cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Methods: Treatment-experienced patients starting treatment with EVG/COB/TFV/FTC + DRV during the years 2014-2018 and with more than 24 weeks of follow-up were included. TFV could be administered either as tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or tenofovir alafenamide. We evaluated virological response, defined as viral load (VL) < 50 copies/ml and < 200 copies/ml at 24 and 48 weeks after starting this regimen, stratified by baseline VL (< 50 or ≥ 50 copies/ml at the start of the regimen). Results: We included 39 patients (12.8% women). At baseline, 10 (25.6%) patients had VL < 50 copies/ml and 29 (74.4%) had ≥ 50 copies/ml. Among patients with baseline VL < 50 copies/ml, 85.7% and 80.0% had VL < 50 copies/ml at 24 and 48 weeks, respectively, and 100% had VL < 200 copies/ml at 24 and 48 weeks. Among patients with baseline VL ≥ 50 copies/ml, 42.3% and 40.9% had VL < 50 copies/ml and 69.2% and 68.2% had VL < 200 copies/ml at 24 and 48 weeks. During the first 48 weeks, no patients changed their treatment due to toxicity, and 4 patients (all with baseline VL ≥ 50 copies/ml) changed due to virological failure. Conclusions: EVG/COB/TFV/FTC + DRV was well tolerated and effective in treatment-experienced patients with undetectable viral load as a simplification strategy, allowing once-daily, two-pill regimen with three antiretroviral drug classes. Effectiveness was low in patients with detectable viral loads