Modelling of last hypothesis of climate change impacts on water resources in Sierra de las Cabras aquifer (Southern Spain)

Having models that reflect the reality of a system operation becomes critical to the effec-tive management of water resources in a watershed, especially considering the different scenes of climate change predicted for the Mediterranean regions by the Intergovernmen-tal Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The fifth Assessment Report of IPCC (AR5) esti-mates an increase in average temperatures and a precipitation decrease between 10 and 20% for Mediterranean region which could generate drought events in the study area. The present research tries to determinate the potential impacts that climate change may have on water resources. The Sacramento model has been used to model the water resources of an inertial aquifer, Sierra de las Cabras. In turn, IPCC forecasts of climate change for the study area (Mediterranean region) have been simulated taking into account the degree as-sessing of affection to the water resources opposite to eventual episodes of drought, and the social and environmental implications that will result have been also determined.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Modelización de los impactos del cambio climático sobre el recurso hídrico en la masa de agua subterránea Sierra de Líbar (060.044), sur de España. Implicaciones socio‐ambientales

Disponer de modelos que reflejen la realidad de funcionamiento de un sistema hídrico se torna fundamental para la gestión eficaz de los recursos hídricos de una cuenca, máxime teniendo en cuenta los diferentes escenarios de cambio climático pronosticados para las regiones mediterráneas por el Grupo I de Trabajo del Equipo Intergubernamental de expertos sobre el Cambio Climático (IPCC) en los informes AR4 (A1, A2, B1 y B2) y AR5 (RCP2,6, RCP4,5, RCP6,0 y RCP8,5), que estima un aumento de las temperaturas medias, así como un descenso del régimen pluviométrico entre un 10 y 30%, respectivamente, para la región mediterránea. Aunque constituye una tarea complicada, el presente trabajo intenta determinar, de manera preliminar, los posibles impactos que estas nuevas hipótesis de cambio climático pueden tener sobre los recursos hídricos de la masa de agua subterránea Sierra de Líbar (060.044), perteneciente a la Demarcación Hidrográfica de las Cuencas Mediterráneas Andaluzas, en el Sur de España. Para ello, en primer lugar, se han comparado los resultados obtenidos, para el periodo 1976-2003, del recurso hídrico a nivel mensual con el modelo SIMPA que, tradicionalmente, se ha utilizado para la toma de decisiones en la Planificación Hidrológica, con los procedentes de la simulación a partir del modelo Sacramento, cuya utilización requiere tener un elevado conocimiento previo de la zona de estudio debido al elevado número de parámetros que se utilizan para caracterizar el funcionamiento del sistema hídrico. Posteriormente, se han simulado las nuevas previsiones del IPCC de cambio climático para la zona de estudio (región mediterránea), valorando, de manera preliminar, tanto el grado de afección al recurso hídrico frente a eventuales episodios de sequía como las potenciales implicaciones socio-ambientales que conllevarían.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Deep Neural Networks for the Recognition and Classification of Heart Murmurs Using Neuromorphic Auditory Sensors

Auscultation is one of the most used techniques for detecting cardiovascular diseases, which is one of the main causes of death in the world. Heart murmurs are the most common abnormal finding when a patient visits the physician for auscultation. These heart sounds can either be innocent, which are harmless, or abnormal, which may be a sign of a more serious heart condition. However, the accuracy rate of primary care physicians and expert cardiologists when auscultating is not good enough to avoid most of both type-I (healthy patients are sent for echocardiogram) and type-II (pathological patients are sent home without medication or treatment) errors made. In this paper, the authors present a novel convolutional neural network based tool for classifying between healthy people and pathological patients using a neuromorphic auditory sensor for FPGA that is able to decompose the audio into frequency bands in real time. For this purpose, different networks have been trained with the heart murmur information contained in heart sound recordings obtained from nine different heart sound databases sourced from multiple research groups. These samples are segmented and preprocessed using the neuromorphic auditory sensor to decompose their audio information into frequency bands and, after that, sonogram images with the same size are generated. These images have been used to train and test different convolutional neural network architectures. The best results have been obtained with a modified version of the AlexNet model, achieving 97% accuracy (specificity: 95.12%, sensitivity: 93.20%, PhysioNet/CinC Challenge 2016 score: 0.9416). This tool could aid cardiologists and primary care physicians in the auscultation process, improving the decision making task and reducing type-I and type-II errors.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2016-77785-

NAVIS: Neuromorphic Auditory VISualizer Tool

This software presents diverse utilities to perform the first post-processing layer taking the neuromorphic auditory sensors (NAS) information. The used NAS implements in FPGA a cascade filters architecture, imitating the behavior of the basilar membrane and inner hair cells and working with the sound information decomposed into its frequency components as spike streams. The well-known neuromorphic hardware interface Address-Event-Representation (AER) is used to propagate auditory information out of the NAS, emulating the auditory vestibular nerve. Using the information packetized into aedat files, which are generated through the jAER software plus an AER to USB computer interface, NAVIS implements a set of graphs that allows to represent the auditory information as cochleograms, histograms, sonograms, etc. It can also split the auditory information into different sets depending on the activity level of the spike streams. The main contribution of this software tool is that it allows complex audio post-processing treatments and representations, which is a novelty for spike-based systems in the neuromorphic community and it will help neuromorphic engineers to build sets for training spiking neural networks (SNN).Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2012-37868-C04-0

Efectos del cambio climático sobre los recursos disponibles en sistemas carbonáticos del sur de España. Importancia de su conocimiento en la cuenca del río Zaza (Cuba)

Disponer de modelos que reflejen la realidad de funcionamiento de un sistema hídrico se torna fundamental para la gestión eficaz de los recursos hídricos de una cuenca, máxime teniendo en cuenta los diferentes escenarios de cambio climático pronosticados por el Panel Intergubernamental de Cambio Climático (IPCC) en el informe AR5, que estima un aumento de las temperaturas medias, así como un descenso del régimen pluviométrico entre un 10 y 30% para la región mediterránea. El presente trabajo intenta determinar, de manera preliminar, los posibles impactos que estos escenarios pueden tener sobre los recursos hídricos de dos sistemas acuíferos que presentan diferentes comportamientos hidrogeológicos. Los resultados obtenidos en el Sur de España, así como la necesidad de abordar la gestión integrada de los recursos hídricos de la Cuenca Hidrográfica del río Zaza, ponen de manifiesto la obligación de modelizar las respuestas de los acuíferos carbonáticos que forman parte de esta cuenca hidrográfica, valorando tanto el grado de afección al recurso hídrico frente a eventuales episodios de sequía como las potenciales implicaciones socio-ambientales que conllevarían.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Stereo Matching in Address-Event-Representation (AER) Bio-Inspired Binocular Systems in a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)

In stereo-vision processing, the image-matching step is essential for results, although it involves a very high computational cost. Moreover, the more information is processed, the more time is spent by the matching algorithm, and the more ine cient it is. Spike-based processing is a relatively new approach that implements processing methods by manipulating spikes one by one at the time they are transmitted, like a human brain. The mammal nervous system can solve much more complex problems, such as visual recognition by manipulating neuron spikes. The spike-based philosophy for visual information processing based on the neuro-inspired address-event-representation (AER) is currently achieving very high performance. The aim of this work was to study the viability of a matching mechanism in stereo-vision systems, using AER codification and its implementation in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Some studies have been done before in an AER system with monitored data using a computer; however, this kind of mechanism has not been implemented directly on hardware. To this end, an epipolar geometry basis applied to AER systems was studied and implemented, with other restrictions, in order to achieve good results in a real-time scenario. The results and conclusions are shown, and the viability of its implementation is proven.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2016-77785-

Caracterización hidrológica e hidrogeológica de diversas áreas limítrofes con las presas del Guadalhorce (provincia de Málaga)

Las presas Conde de Guadalhorce y Guadalhorce-Guadalteba constituyen el Sistema de explotación Presas del Guadalhorce cuyo principal objetivo es garantizar el suministro de agua a la ciudad de Málaga y las dotaciones para el regadío de unas 9.600 hectáreas en el valle del Guadalhorce. Desde la puesta en servicio de la presa de Guadalhorce-Guadalteba, en el año 1973, se detectaron una serie de surgencias de carácter salino, aguas abajo de ésta, que llegaron a suponer un grave problema para la gestión del Sistema. El problema, de cara a la calidad del agua bruta suministrada al abastecimiento de Málaga, se ha minimizado a partir de la entrada en servicio de la planta desalobradora de El Atabal, en el año 2005. No obstante, se mantiene en cuanto al agua destinada al regadío del valle del Guadalhorce y, por ello, entre enero de 2010 y mayo de 2011, se ha llevado a cabo un control hidrodinámico e hidroquímico de los principales puntos identificados de descarga de agua salinizada, a lo largo del tramo comprendido entre el pie de las Presas del Guadalhorce y el contraembalse de La Encantada. Estos controles se han apoyado además en los datos históricos recopilados por el Servicio encargado de la explotación del Sistema. Los resultados de este primer análisis ponen de manifiesto que los puntos de descarga situados en la margen izquierda del río Guadalhorce muestran una clara conexión con las aguas del vaso de Guadalhorce, de carácter salino, mientras que las situadas en la margen derecha deben su salinidad a contactos naturales entre materiales de naturaleza salina (facies Keuper) y calizas jurásicas que afloran en la región

A Protocol Generator Tool for Automatic In-Vitro HPV Robotic Analysis

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) could develop precancerous lesions and invasive cancer, as it is the main cause of nearly all cases of cervical cancer. There are many strains of HPV and current vaccines can only protect against some of them. This makes the detection and genotyping of HPV a research area of utmost importance. Several biomedical systems can detect HPV in DNA samples; however, most of them do not have a procedure as fast, automatic or precise as it is actually needed in this field. This manuscript presents a novel XML-based hierarchical protocol architecture for biomedical robots to describe each protocol step and execute it sequentially, along with a robust and automatic robotic system for HPV DNA detection capable of processing from 1 to 24 samples simultaneously in a fast (from 45 to 162 min), efficient (100% markers effectiveness) and precise (able to detect 36 different HPV genotypes) way. It includes an efficient artificial vision process as the last step of the diagnostic.FIDETIA P055-12/E03Ministerio de Economía y Competitivida TEC2016-77785-

Live Demonstration: neuromorphic robotics, from audio to locomotion through spiking CPG on SpiNNaker.

This live demonstration presents an audio-guided neuromorphic robot: from a Neuromorphic Auditory Sensor (NAS) to locomotion using Spiking Central Pattern Generators (sCPGs). Several gaits are generated by sCPGs implemented on a SpiNNaker board. The output of these sCPGs is sent in a real-time manner to an Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) board using an AER-to-SpiNN interface. The control of the hexapod robot joints is performed by the FPGA board. The robot behavior can be changed in real-time by means of the NAS. The audio information is sent to the SpiNNaker board which classifies it using a Spiking Neural Network (SNN). Thus, the input sound will activate a specific gait pattern which will eventually modify the behavior of the robot.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2016-77785-

System based on inertial sensors for behavioral monitoring of wildlife

Sensors Network is an integration of multiples sensors in a system to collect information about different environment variables. Monitoring systems allow us to determine the current state, to know its behavior and sometimes to predict what it is going to happen. This work presents a monitoring system for semi-wild animals that get their actions using an IMU (inertial measure unit) and a sensor fusion algorithm. Based on an ARM-CortexM4 microcontroller this system sends data using ZigBee technology of different sensor axis in two different operations modes: RAW (logging all information into a SD card) or RT (real-time operation). The sensor fusion algorithm improves both the precision and noise interferences.Junta de Andalucía P12-TIC-130