Reconquista urbana en America Central: Acciones del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo en la producción urbano-territorial en Costa Rica y Panamá

En Latinoamérica los gobiernos locales, los organismos internacionales y los inversores tienen un creciente interés en la intervención y la transformación de las áreas centrales de las ciudades. En este artículo se exploran las acciones del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo a través del estudio de los diagnósticos y los planes de acción para la producción y transformación urbano-territorial de San José, capital de Costa Rica, y Ciudad de Panamá. Se utiliza una metodología de revisión y análisis documental de los productos generados por el BID. Los resultados demuestran cómo la banca multilateral desarrolla un proyecto de producción urbano-territorial que genera condiciones que permiten la atracción de inversiones, siendo esto una expresión de urbanismo neoliberal.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales (IIS)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Sociales::Facultad de Ciencias Sociales::Escuela de Geografí

Biofabrication of a tri-layered 3D-bioprinted CSC-based malignant melanoma model for personalized cancer treatment

Conventional in vitro cancer models do not accurately reproduce the tumor microenvironment (TME), so three-dimensional (3D)-bioprinting represents an excellent tool to overcome their limitations. Here, two multicellular tri-layered malignant melanoma (MM) models composed by cancer stem cells (CSCs) isolated from a MM established cell line or a primary-patient derived cell line, fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and endothelial cells, embedded within an agarose-collagen type I hydrogel were bioprinted. Embedded-cells showed high proliferation and metabolic activity, and actively remodeled their TME. MM hydrogels displayed similar rheological properties that skin and were able to support an early onset of vascularization. Besides, MM hydrogels displayed different response to vemurafenib compared with cell cultures, and supported tumorigenesis in murine xenotransplant achieving more mimetic in vivo models. For the first time a tri-layered 3D-bioprinted CSC-based human MM model is developed recreating TME in vitro and in vivo and response to treatment, being useful for precision treatment regimens against MM.Consejería de Salud y Familias de la Junta de Andalucía (Project No. PIN-0224-2019)Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad de la Junta de Andalucía (FEDER Funds, Projects PY18-FR-2470, B-CTS-230-UGR18, A-CTS-180-UGR20, PYC20 RE 015 UGR and P18-FR-2465),Ministry de Economía y Competitividad, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FEDER funds, Projects Nos. DTS19/00145 and DTS21/00098)Chair ‘Doctors Galera-Requena in cancer stem cell research’ (CMCCTS963)Universidad de Granada/CBUA.Plan Andaluz de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PAIDI 2020— FEDER funds—Ref: DOC_01574)

CONSTRUCCIÓN GEOGRÁFICA DE LA PROVINCIA DE LIMÓN, COSTA RICA: PODER, CULTURA Y TERRITORIO

A territorial analysis of Limón Province is made through a critical perspective of how this region was conceived and built throughout its history. We discuss about some geographical constructions and imaginaries made towards Limón from the capital, by reviewing a series of Costa Rican Geographies, books that have been used for education and knowledge of Costa Rican territory. An alternative way of interpreting Limón Province is presented, based on its culturally diverse territory and its possibilities.En este artículo se realiza un análisis territorial de Limón a través de una crítica hacia los proyectos que han sido plasmados en el territorio y la forma como éste ha sido concebido. Además, se reflexiona sobre algunas construcciones geográficas elaboradas desde relaciones de poder hacia la provincia Limón, esto por medio de la revisión de una serie de Geografías de Costa Rica, libros que han sido utilizados para la educación y el conocimiento del territorio costarricense. A la vez se presenta una forma alternativa de interpretar a esta región, como un territorio cultural diverso

Trends in prevalence and the effects on hospital outcomes of dementia in patients hospitalized with acute COPD exacerbation

Aims: To assess changes in prevalence and the effects on hospital outcomes of dementia among patients hospitalized with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AE-COPD); and to evaluate sexdifferences, as well as the impact of COVID-19 pandemic in this relationship. Methods: We used a nationwide discharge database to select patients admitted with AE-COPD in Spain from 2011 to 2020. We identified those with any type of dementia, vascular dementia (VaD) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Results: We identified 658,429 hospitalizations with AE-COPD (4.45% had any type of dementia, 0.79% VaD and 1.57% AD). The presence of any type of dementia remained stable from 2011 to 2015, and increased significantly between 2016 and 2020. For VaD, the time trend showed no change until 2020, when a significant increment was found. The probability of AD decreased significantly overtime. The in-hospital mortality (IHM) among patients with any type of dementia remained stable overtime until 2020, when it increased significantly. Older age, higher comorbidity, COVID-19, and use of mechanical ventilation were variables associated to IHM. Women had lower risk of dying in the hospital than men in all subgroups. Conclusions: After a previous period of stability, the prevalence of any type of dementia increased over the last 5 years of the study, although we identified different trends depending on the specific cause of dementia. The IHM remained stable overtime until 2020, when it increased, probably related to the COVID-19 pandemic. It is remarkable the protective effect of female sex for IHM.Depto. de Salud Pública y Materno - InfantilFac. de MedicinaTRUEResearch Aid 2022Sociedad Madrileña de Neumología y Cirugía de Tórax (NEUMOMADRID)Comunidad de MadridUniversidad Complutense de Madrid. Grupo de Investigación en Epidemiología de las Enfermedades Crónicas de Alta Prevalencia en EspañaSociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía de Tórax (SEPAR)pu

Trends and Outcomes in Lung Transplantation in Patients with and without Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Spain during the Period 2016–2020.

Background: This paper aims to assess temporal trends (2016–2020) in incidence, patient’s characteristics, complications, length of hospital stay (LOHS) and in-hospital mortality (IHM) among patients with and without idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) undergoing lung transplantation (LTx). We also analyse the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on LTx in these populations. (2) Methods: A retrospective, population-based observational study was conducted using the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database. Multivariable adjustment was conducted with logistic regression to analyse the IHM. (3) Results: We identified 1777 admissions for LTx during the study period, of which 573 (32.2%) were performed in patients with IPF. The number of hospital admissions for LTx rose from 2016 to 2020, both in patients with and without IPF, but a marked reduction was observed from year 2019 to year 2020. Over time, the proportion of single LTx decreased and bilateral LTx increased significantly in both groups. The incidence of LTx complications increased significantly over time along with the increase in the incidence of IPF. No significant differences in the incidence of complications or in the IHM between patients with and without IPF were found. Suffering any complication of the LTx and pulmonary hypertension were conditions positively associated with IHM in patients with and without IPF. The IHM remained stable from 2016 to 2020 in both study populations and was not affected by the COVID pandemic. (4) Conclusions: Patients with IPF account for almost a third of all lung transplants. The number of LTx increased over time in patients with and without IPF, but a marked reduction was observed from 2019 to 2020. Although the proportion of LTx complications increased significantly over time in both groups, the IHM did not change. IPF was not associated with increased complications or IHM after LTx.Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Prevalence of Dementia among Patients Hospitalized with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Spain, 2011–2020: Sex-Related Disparities and Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: To assess changes in the prevalence of dementia among patients hospitalized with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), to analyze the effects of dementia on in-hospital mortality (IHM) in this population, to evaluate sex differences, and to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these parameters. (2) Methods: We used a nationwide discharge database to select all patients with T2DM aged 60 years or over admitted to Spanish hospitals from 2011 to 2020. We identified those with all-cause dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD). The effect of sex, age, comorbidity, and COVID-19 on the prevalence of dementia subtypes and on IHM was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. (3) Results: We identified 5,250,810 hospitalizations with T2DM. Allcause dementia was detected in 8.31%, AD in 3.00%, and VaD in 1.55%. The prevalence of all subtypes of dementia increased significantly over time. After multivariable adjustment, higher values were observed in women for all-cause dementia (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.33–1.35), AD (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.58–1.62), and VaD (OR 1.12; 95% CI 1.11–1.14). However, female sex was a protective factor for IHM in patients with all-cause dementia (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.89–0.91), AD (OR 0.89; 95% CI 0.86–0.91), and VaD (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.91–0.99). IHM among patients with dementia remained stable over time, until 2020, when it increased significantly. Higher age, greater comorbidity, and COVID-19 were associated with IHM in all dementia subtypes. (4) Conclusions: The prevalence of dementia (all-cause, AD, and VaD) in men and women with T2DM increased over time; however, the IHM remained stable until 2020, when it increased significantly, probably because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of dementia is higher in women than in men, although female sex is a protective factor for IHM