Diagnostic ability of multifocal electroretinogram in early multiple sclerosis using a new signal analysis method

Purpose To determine if a novel analysis method will increase the diagnostic value of the multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) in diagnosing early-stage multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods We studied the mfERG signals of OD (Oculus Dexter) eyes of fifteen patients diagnosed with early-stage MS (in all cases < 12 months) and without a history of optic neuritis (ON) (F: M = 11:4), and those of six controls (F:M = 3:3). We obtained values of amplitude and latency of N1 and P1 waves, and a method to assess normalized root-mean-square error (FNRMSE) between model signals and mfERG recordings was used. Responses of each eye were analysed at a global level, and by rings, quadrants and hemispheres. AUC (area under the ROC curve) is used as discriminant factor. Results The standard method of analysis obtains further discrimination between controls and MS in ring R3 (AUC = 0.82), analysing N1 waves amplitudes. In all of the retina analysis regions, FNRMSE value shows a greater discriminating power than the standard method. The highest AUC value (AUC = 0.91) was in the superior temporal quadrant. Conclusion By analysing mfERG recordings and contrasting them with those of healthy controls it is possible to detect early-stage MS in patients without a previous history of ON

Tn Antigen Mimics Based on sp2-Iminosugars with Affinity for an anti-MUC1 Antibody

The first examples of amino acid (Ser/Thr)-sp-iminosugar glycomimetic conjugates featuring an α-O-linked pseudoanomeric linkage are reported. The key synthetic step involves the completely diastereoselective α-glycosylation of Ser/Thr due to strong stereoelectronic and conformational bias imposed by the bicyclic sp-iminosugar scaffold. Mucin-related glycopeptides incorporating these motifs were recognized by the monoclonal antibody (mAb) scFv-SM3, with activities depending on both the hydroxylation pattern (Glc/Gal/GlcNAc/GalNAc) of the sp-iminosugar and the peptide aglycone structure (Ser/Thr).Peer Reviewe

RD53 analog front-end processors for the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the High-Luminosity LHC

International audienceThis work discusses the design and the main results relevant to the characterization of analogfront-end processors in view of their operation in the pixel detector readout chips of ATLAS andCMS at the High-Luminosity LHC. The front-end channels presented in this paper are part ofRD53A, a large scale demonstrator designed in a 65 nm CMOS technology by the RD53 collaboration. The collaboration is now developing the full-sized readout chips for the actual experiments. Some details on the improvements implemented in the analog front-ends are provided inthe paper