Digital History, Digital Sources, Digital Display: The Her Hat Was in the Ring Project on U.S. Women Who Ran for Political Office Before 1920

In the second half of the nineteenth century and through the first two decades of the twentieth century thousands of women ran for political office on local, state, and national levels throughout the U.S. Due to the principle of federalism, each state decided on voting and electoral rights in their jurisdiction. Thus, prior to 1920 voting rights for women were unevenly applied from state to state. In most women could vote at all. In some states and localities they could vote only for a few offices, such as school board representatives, county officers, and state office holders. In a very few states and territories, where they had been given complete suffrage rights, women could cast ballots for candidates on all levels. Women took up the challenge to run for public office both when they could not vote (relying solely on male voters), and when they finally gained partial or complete suffrage. We estimate that approximately 4,000 women ran in almost 6,000 campaigns by 1920. Currently, our database contains information for 2,300 women, who ran in over 3,000 campaigns. Using traditional and digital resources the Her Hat Was in the Ring project identifies these women candidates providing biographical information for each woman, information about her campaign(s), party affiliation, photographs when available, lists of selected resources, and other aggregate data, via a freely-available, web-based content management system

Digital History, Digital Sources, Digital Display: The Her Hat Was in the Ring Project on U.S. Women Who Ran for Political Office Before 1920

In the second half of the nineteenth century and through the first two decades of the twentieth century thousands of women ran for political office on local, state, and national levels throughout the U.S. Due to the principle of federalism, each state decided on voting and electoral rights in their jurisdiction. Thus, prior to 1920 voting rights for women were unevenly applied from state to state. In most women could vote at all. In some states and localities they could vote only for a few offices, such as school board representatives, county officers, and state office holders. In a very few states and territories, where they had been given complete suffrage rights, women could cast ballots for candidates on all levels. Women took up the challenge to run for public office both when they could not vote (relying solely on male voters), and when they finally gained partial or complete suffrage. We estimate that approximately 4,000 women ran in almost 6,000 campaigns by 1920. Currently, our database contains information for 2,300 women, who ran in over 3,000 campaigns. Using traditional and digital resources the Her Hat Was in the Ring project identifies these women candidates providing biographical information for each woman, information about her campaign(s), party affiliation, photographs when available, lists of selected resources, and other aggregate data, via a freely-available, web-based content management system

238 A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study of NV1FGF gene therapy in critical limb ischemia patients (TAMARIS Study) Rationale, design and baseline patient characteristics

BackgroundPatients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) unsuitable for revascularization have a high rate of amputation and mortality (30% and 25% at 1 year respectively Local gene therapy using plasmid DNA encoding acidic fibroblast growth factor (NV1FGF, riferminogene pacaplasmid) showed promising results in a phase II trial on amputation free survival. This report provides the rationale, design and baseline characteristics of CLI patients enrolled to the pivotal phase III trial (TAMARIS). It also describes baseline characteristics by diabetes status and region of origin.Table: Comparison of 6 modes of ABI calculation to predict the 5-years mortality (abstract 237).ABI mode of calculationHigh/HighMean/HighLow/HighHigh/MeanMean/MeanLow/MeanAUC0.632*0.6200.6150.6100.6180.598Sensitivity with 0.9055.7%56.7%60.4%53.6%60.8%58.8%Specificity with 0.9065.1%62.3%60.2%63.6%58.5%58.6%Optimal cutpoint0.940.970.921.000.970.92Sensitivity for optimal cutpoint63.9%72.2%64.6%72.2%74.2%62.9%Specificity for optimal cutpoint60.3%50.6%58.7%48.3%50.3%57.5%*p<0.05 vs. High/Mean and Low/MeanMethodsAn international, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study included 525 CLI patients worldwide who were unsuitable for revascularization and had non-healing skin lesions, to evaluate whether repeated intramuscular administration of NV1FGF results in reduction of major amputations or deaths at 1 year.ResultsMean age of the population was 70 ± 10 years including 70% males and 53% diabetic patients. Fifty four percent of the population had previous lower extremity revascularization and 22% had previous minor amputation of the index leg. Ninety six percent of patients had an ankle pressure < 70mmHg and/or a toe pressure < 50mmHg or a TcPO2 < 30mmHg. In 94% the index leg had distal occlusive disease affecting arteries below the knee. Statins were prescribed in 54% of patients, and antiplatelet drugs in 80%. Variation in region of origin resulted in only minor demographic imbalance. Patients with diabetes had more risk factors including history of coronary artery disease, but were similar to non-diabetic patients regarding limb haemodynamics and vascular lesions.ConclusionThe clinical and vascular anatomy presentation of patients with CLI with ischemic skin lesions who were unsuitable for revascularization was homogeneous with little imbalance according to region of origin or diabetic status. The findings from this large CLI cohort are important for the understanding of the epidemiology of the disease

Review of \u3ci\u3eConstitutionalism and Native Americans, 1903 - 1968. Volume 2 of Native Americans and the Law: Contemporary and Historical Perspectives on American Indian Rights, Freedoms, and Sovereignty\u3c/i\u3eEdited with introductions by John R. Wunder

The previously published essays selected by editor John R. Wunder for volume two of this six book series take up the legal, political, and economic issues of Native American sovereignty at the critical moment of the 1903 Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock United States Supreme Court decision (treated in volume one). In his brief introduction to volume two, Wunder describes the period from 1903 to 1968 as one in which the tension between federally enforced tribal constitutionalism and residual sovereign rights was played out. Excerpts from Charles Wilkinson\u27s American Indians, Time, and the Law (1987) provide an opening framework to explain this tension, Wilkinson arguing that as the modern era began, the construct of Indian law ultimately rested on two separate braces of opinions. Federal Indian legal doctrine drew upon Supreme Court decisions dating from the early nineteenth century that recognized Native American governments as autonomous domestic dependent nations, entities capable of and entitled to managing their own affairs. But competing with doctrine established in Worcester v. Georgia (183 2), Ex parte Crow Dog (1883 ), and Talton v. Mayes (1896) was a second line of Supreme Court opinions dating to the end and turn of the century, including Lone Wolf, which accepted plenary federal power over tribal life and governance. Wilkinson\u27s leadoff essay is followed by a variety of well-known journal articles and book chapters that explore the tension in this era between the assertion, or attempted assertion, of sovereign tribal rights and the exercise of nearly unchecked power by the United States government. These essays make clear that the naked use of military force was a thing of the past-the power of the United States in the twentieth century expressing itself instead through judicial, administrative, and legislative fiat. Actions and decision spill out of Washington, D.C., that affect fundamental property rights and economic opportunity such as the control of water; the reorganization of tribal governments and the imposition of constitutional governance; the resolution of land claims; the termination of federal-tribe relations with the elimination of numerous reservations and much of the trust support system previously established by federal courts and Congress; the extension of state control in lieu of the federal-tribe relation; and relocation of reservation residents to urban areas. All of the articles in volume two will enrich a reader\u27s understanding of critical issues concerning what Wunder calls constitutionalism. The volume would have been more useful though had Wunder provided a significantly longer editor\u27s introduction. The disparate essays need to be woven together. The facts and conclusions of older articles need to be evaluated against subsequent political and legal actions as well as more recent scholarship. Authors whose complementary or competing ideas have not found representation in these pages need to be referenced. And, finally, topics that presumably could not be included for reasons of space should be acknowledged. That said, the volume provides ready access to valuable work

Political Mobilization and Policy Input in Urban Day Care: a Case Study of New York City.

Ph.D.Political scienceUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/157406/1/7520419.pd