Why Do People Give? Similarity Based Persuasion on Charitable Appeals and Self-Presentation on Social Media

Despite the sizable donations and the variety of views to research an individual\u27s charitable motivations, the individual\u27s charitable giving has remained somewhat stagnant. Ever since the economic crisis of 2008, contributions to charities have decreased. Therefore, garnering donations is a significant challenge for charitable organizations. Moreover, for individuals who have decided to make voluntary contributions, determining which of the over 800,000 nonprofit organizations to contribute to can be a challenging task, as well. The question of how nonprofit organizations should foster awareness and receive donations is of critical importance, yet the answer is not quite clear. In the current fierce competition with other charities, a charity must rely on an effective promotional strategy to present itself and its services to prospective donors. Unfortunately, marketing literature, which is rich in research and theories about promoting for-profit products and services, provides little guidance to nonprofit organizations on how to promote helping. Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation is to investigate when and how charitable appeals could be effective in the context of a nonprofit organization\u27s website and social media based on similarity based persuasion (Essay 1) and self-presentation theory (Essay 2)

The Meaning of ‘Being Literate’ In the Case of Adult Literacy Learners in Korea

This study examines the meaning of ‘being literate’ along with focusing on the relationship with formal education in Korea. For the purpose of this study, adult literacy learners wrote 1,673 articles and they were also analyzed. As a result, the demand for having formal education experience limits and influences the motivation, educational process, and meaning of being literate for adult literacy learners in Korea

The Log-Sobolev inequality for a submanifold in manifolds with asymptotic non-negative intermediate Ricci curvature

We prove a sharp Log-Sobolev inequality for submanifolds of a complete non-compact Riemannian manifold with asymptotic non-negative intermediate Ricci curvature and Euclidean volume growth. Our work extends a result of Dong-Lin-Lu which already generalizes Yi-Zheng: arXiv:2104.05045 and Brendle: arXiv:1908.10360v3.Comment: 16 page

Transmembrane tethering of synaptotagmin to synaptic vesicles controls multiple modes of neurotransmitter release

Synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1) is a synaptic vesicle integral membrane protein that regulates neurotransmitter release by activating fast synchronous fusion and suppressing slower asynchronous release. The cytoplasmic C2 domains of Syt1 interact with SNAREs and plasma membrane phospholipids in a Ca[superscript 2+]-dependent manner and can substitute for full-length Syt1 in in vitro membrane fusion assays. To determine whether synaptic vesicle tethering of Syt1 is required for normal fusion in vivo, we performed a structure-function study with tethering mutants at the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction. Transgenic animals expressing only the cytoplasmic C2 domains or full-length Syt1 tethered to the plasma membrane failed to restore synchronous synaptic vesicle fusion, and also failed to clamp spontaneous vesicle release. In addition, transgenic animals with shorter, but not those with longer, linker regions separating the C2 domains from the transmembrane segment abolished Syt1’s ability to activate synchronous vesicle fusion. Similar defects were observed when C2 domain alignment was altered to C2B-C2A from the normal C2A-C2B orientation, leaving the tether itself intact. Although cytoplasmic and plasma membrane-tethered Syt1 variants could not restore synchronous release in syt1 null mutants, they were very effective in promoting fusion through the slower asynchronous pathway. As such, the subcellular localization of Syt1 within synaptic terminals is important for the temporal dynamics that underlie synchronous and asynchronous neurotransmitter release.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant NS40296)Korea (South). Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (National Research Foundation of Korea. Basic Science Research Program Grant 2013R1A1A1010839

Making Meaning out of Learning in the Everyday Lives of Korean Married Women

This study examines the significance of the learning experience in the everyday life of married women in Korea and how they manage their learning. In doing so, it reveals a number of distinctive characteristics of Korean married women which differentiate them from western women in pursuing individual and collective values

The 3 × 2 Achievement Goal Model and Motivational Regulations in College Physical Activity Classes

Achievement goal research in physical activity (PA) classes is primarily guided by the dichotomous, trichotomous, and 2 × 2 achievement goal models. However, the utility of the latest 3 × 2 achievement goal model has not been examined in PA settings. Particularly, this latest model and motivational regulations as they relate to students’ achievement/educational outcomes have not been extensively examined in college PA settings. A lack of such information may limit instructors’ understanding of what motivates students in college PA settings. Therefore, this study addressed this deficiency by answering the following four research questions: (1) What are the psychometric properties of the 3 × 2 achievement goal questionnaire (3 × 2 AGQ) and the behavioral regulation in exercise questionnaire-3 (BREQ-3) among American college students in PA classes? (2) What is the predictive power of the achievement goals and motivational regulations in students’ achievement/educational outcomes? (3) Do motivational regulations mediate the relationships between the achievement goals and students’ achievement/educational outcomes? (4) What perceived experiences/factors contribute to students’ endorsement of achievement goals? Accordingly, questionnaire data, accelerometer data, and interview data were collected from a sample of 556 students (M = 20.31 years, SD = 1.34; 305 males; 251 females) enrolled in PA classes at a major university in the southwest U.S. Confirmatory factory analyses (CFAs) and Cronbach alpha analyses revealed that the 3 × 2 AGQ failed to assess task-approach, self-approach, other-approach, task-avoidance, self-avoidance, and other-avoidance goals as construed in the 3 × 2 model of achievement goals but served as a reliable and valid measure assessing task/self-approach, task/self-avoidance, other-approach, and other-avoidance goals in the current study. These analyses also revealed that the BREQ-3 (with one item removed) can reliably and validly assess intrinsic regulation, integrated regulation, identified regulation, introjected regulation, external regulation, and amotivation as theorized in self-determination theory in American college PA classes. Structural equation modeling analyses (SEM) revealed that task/self-approach goals, integrated regulation, and identified regulation significantly predicted persistence/effort; task/self-approach goals, intrinsic regulation, and integrated regulation significantly predicted enjoyment; other-approach goals and integrated regulation positively predicted perceived health, but other-avoidance goals and introjected regulation negatively predicted perceived health; and intrinsic regulation and amotivation were significant positive predictors of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA; assessed by accelerometers). Finally, SEM found that more self-determined motivation fully or partially mediated the relationships between achievement goals and students’ achievement/educational outcomes. The interview data provided some support to the questionnaire data in the current study and showed that students used task-, self-, or other-based competence to justify their achievement goal endorsement. The interview data also provided additional support to the view that the learning environment can influence students’ achievement goals