Observation of channeling for 6500 GeV/c protons in the crystal assisted collimation setup for LHC

Two high-accuracy goniometers equipped with two bent silicon crystals were installed in the betatron cleaning insertion of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) during its long shutdown. First beam tests were recently performed at the LHC with 450 GeV/c and 6500 GeV/c stored proton beams to investigate the feasibility of beam halo collimation assisted by bent crystals. For the first time channeling of 6500 GeV/c protons was observed in a particle accelerator. A strong reduction of beam losses due to nuclear inelastic interactions in the aligned crystal in comparison with its amorphous orientation was detected. The loss reduction value was about 24. Thus, the results show that deflection of particles by a bent crystal due to channeling is effective for this record particle energy.peer-reviewe

Potential of Core-Collapse Supernova Neutrino Detection at JUNO

JUNO is an underground neutrino observatory under construction in Jiangmen, China. It uses 20kton liquid scintillator as target, which enables it to detect supernova burst neutrinos of a large statistics for the next galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN) and also pre-supernova neutrinos from the nearby CCSN progenitors. All flavors of supernova burst neutrinos can be detected by JUNO via several interaction channels, including inverse beta decay, elastic scattering on electron and proton, interactions on C12 nuclei, etc. This retains the possibility for JUNO to reconstruct the energy spectra of supernova burst neutrinos of all flavors. The real time monitoring systems based on FPGA and DAQ are under development in JUNO, which allow prompt alert and trigger-less data acquisition of CCSN events. The alert performances of both monitoring systems have been thoroughly studied using simulations. Moreover, once a CCSN is tagged, the system can give fast characterizations, such as directionality and light curve

Detection of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background with JUNO

As an underground multi-purpose neutrino detector with 20 kton liquid scintillator, Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is competitive with and complementary to the water-Cherenkov detectors on the search for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB). Typical supernova models predict 2-4 events per year within the optimal observation window in the JUNO detector. The dominant background is from the neutral-current (NC) interaction of atmospheric neutrinos with 12C nuclei, which surpasses the DSNB by more than one order of magnitude. We evaluated the systematic uncertainty of NC background from the spread of a variety of data-driven models and further developed a method to determine NC background within 15\% with {\it{in}} {\it{situ}} measurements after ten years of running. Besides, the NC-like backgrounds can be effectively suppressed by the intrinsic pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities of liquid scintillators. In this talk, I will present in detail the improvements on NC background uncertainty evaluation, PSD discriminator development, and finally, the potential of DSNB sensitivity in JUNO

Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30$M_{\odot}$ for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure

Characterization of the BOLDPET optical prototype, an innovative Cherenkov detector for 511 keV γ\gamma radiation

International audienceIn the present work we describe the design, construction, and testing of the optical prototype developed for the BOLDPET project, with the objective of creating a PET detection module with high spatial and time resolution. The BOLDPET technology uses an innovative detection liquid, trimethylbismuth, for detecting 511 keV $\gamma$-quanta resulting from positron annihilation. The optical signal is exclusively produced through the Cherenkov mechanism, and the produced photons are detected using Planacon microchannel-plate photomultiplier. We achieve an excellent time resolution of 150 ps (FWHM) within a sizable detection volume measuring 55 mm x 55 mm x 25 mm. Through detailed Geant4 simulations, we examine the limiting factors affecting time resolution and explore potential avenues for improvement. Furthermore, we demonstrate the feasibility of coarse 2D localization of interactions using the optical signal alone, achieving a precision of about 5-8 mm (FWHM) within the homogeneous detection volume

Characterization of the BOLDPET optical prototype, an innovative Cherenkov detector for 511 keV γ\gamma radiation

International audienceIn the present work we describe the design, construction, and testing of the optical prototype developed for the BOLDPET project, with the objective of creating a PET detection module with high spatial and time resolution. The BOLDPET technology uses an innovative detection liquid, trimethylbismuth, for detecting 511 keV $\gamma$-quanta resulting from positron annihilation. The optical signal is exclusively produced through the Cherenkov mechanism, and the produced photons are detected using Planacon microchannel-plate photomultiplier. We achieve an excellent time resolution of 150 ps (FWHM) within a sizable detection volume measuring 55 mm x 55 mm x 25 mm. Through detailed Geant4 simulations, we examine the limiting factors affecting time resolution and explore potential avenues for improvement. Furthermore, we demonstrate the feasibility of coarse 2D localization of interactions using the optical signal alone, achieving a precision of about 5-8 mm (FWHM) within the homogeneous detection volume

Étonnante physique

International audienceDiscipline multimillénaire, la physique explore l’espace et le temps. De l’immensité des amas de galaxies à l’infinie petitesse des particules élémentaires, des échelles humaines – du mètre au centimètre – jusqu’au nanomonde, de l’extrême brièveté du mouvement de l’électron jusqu’au fond des âges d’où nous parviennent les premières lumières de l’Univers : les domaines couverts par cette discipline n’ont pas fini de nous étonner.Cette science est celle de l’expérimentation méthodique qui met au point des instruments originaux pour observer la matière, inerte ou vivante, en laboratoire ou à distance. Celle qui pose encore de grandes questions fondamentales. Mais aussi celle qui accompagne notre vie quotidienne avec ses développements dans les domaines des matériaux, de la santé, de l’énergie, du climat…Pour montrer toute sa richesse, cet ouvrage réunit 70 contributions de physiciennes et de physiciens récemment récompensés par une médaille du CNRS pour l’originalité et l’importance de leurs travaux. Abondamment illustré, accessible à tout amateur de science, Étonnante Physique lève un voile sur les recherches les plus actuelles

Étonnante physique

International audienceDiscipline multimillénaire, la physique explore l’espace et le temps. De l’immensité des amas de galaxies à l’infinie petitesse des particules élémentaires, des échelles humaines – du mètre au centimètre – jusqu’au nanomonde, de l’extrême brièveté du mouvement de l’électron jusqu’au fond des âges d’où nous parviennent les premières lumières de l’Univers : les domaines couverts par cette discipline n’ont pas fini de nous étonner.Cette science est celle de l’expérimentation méthodique qui met au point des instruments originaux pour observer la matière, inerte ou vivante, en laboratoire ou à distance. Celle qui pose encore de grandes questions fondamentales. Mais aussi celle qui accompagne notre vie quotidienne avec ses développements dans les domaines des matériaux, de la santé, de l’énergie, du climat…Pour montrer toute sa richesse, cet ouvrage réunit 70 contributions de physiciennes et de physiciens récemment récompensés par une médaille du CNRS pour l’originalité et l’importance de leurs travaux. Abondamment illustré, accessible à tout amateur de science, Étonnante Physique lève un voile sur les recherches les plus actuelles

Étonnante physique

International audienceDiscipline multimillénaire, la physique explore l’espace et le temps. De l’immensité des amas de galaxies à l’infinie petitesse des particules élémentaires, des échelles humaines – du mètre au centimètre – jusqu’au nanomonde, de l’extrême brièveté du mouvement de l’électron jusqu’au fond des âges d’où nous parviennent les premières lumières de l’Univers : les domaines couverts par cette discipline n’ont pas fini de nous étonner.Cette science est celle de l’expérimentation méthodique qui met au point des instruments originaux pour observer la matière, inerte ou vivante, en laboratoire ou à distance. Celle qui pose encore de grandes questions fondamentales. Mais aussi celle qui accompagne notre vie quotidienne avec ses développements dans les domaines des matériaux, de la santé, de l’énergie, du climat…Pour montrer toute sa richesse, cet ouvrage réunit 70 contributions de physiciennes et de physiciens récemment récompensés par une médaille du CNRS pour l’originalité et l’importance de leurs travaux. Abondamment illustré, accessible à tout amateur de science, Étonnante Physique lève un voile sur les recherches les plus actuelles