10 research outputs found
Enantioselective β‑Protonation of Enals via a Shuttling Strategy
Remote asymmetric
protonation is a longstanding challenge due to
the small size of protons. Reactions involving electron-deficient
olefins pose a further difficulty due to the electrophilic nature
of these substrates. We report a shuttling system that delivers a
proton in a highly enantioselective manner to the β-carbon of
enals using a chiral N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyst. Choices
of a Brønsted base shuttle and a Brønsted acid cocatalyst
are critical for highly stereoselective β-protonation of the
homoenolate intermediate and regeneration of the NHC catalyst results
in functionalization of the carbonyl group. Thioesters with a β-chiral
center were prepared in a redox-neutral transformation with an excellent
yield and ee
Annihilation of Nanoscale Inversion Domains in Nitrogen-Polar AlN under High-Temperature Annealing
Inversion domains (IDs) are common defects in N-polar
III-nitride
thin films grown on sapphire substrates. In this work, the atomic
structure and lateral migration of the randomly distributed Al-polar
nanoscale IDs in N-polar AlN films subjected to high-temperature thermal
annealing are investigated. With the increasing annealing temperature
and time, Al-polar AlN IDs gradually shrunk in sizes. The vertical
stripes transformed into cone-shaped caps on top of the AlN columns
and were completely removed at last. The annihilation of the IDs was
explained in terms of the lateral migration of the inversion domain
boundary (IDB) induced by the imbalance of the strain state on two
sides of the IDB. This work clarifies the evolution mechanism of AlN
IDs during high-temperature annealing, providing a promising approach
in the realization of uniform-polar AlN template for the development
of high-efficiency optoelectronic and electronic devices
Combating Drug-Resistant Mutants of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase with Potent and Selective Type‑I<sup>1/2</sup> Inhibitors by Stabilizing Unique DFG-Shifted Loop Conformation
Targeted inhibition of anaplastic
lymphoma kinase (ALK) dramatically
improved therapeutic outcomes in the treatment of ALK-positive cancers,
but unfortunately patients invariably progressed due to acquired resistance
mutations in ALK. Currently available drugs are all type-I inhibitors
bound to the ATP-binding pocket and are most likely to be resistant
in patients harboring genetic mutations surrounding the ATP pocket.
To overcome drug resistance, we rationally designed a novel kind of
“bridge” inhibitor, which specially bind into an extended
hydrophobic back pocket adjacent to the ATP-binding site of ALK. The
novel type-I<sup>1/2</sup> inhibitors display excellent antiproliferation
activity against ALK-positive cancer cells and appear superior to
two clinically used drugs, crizotinib and ceritinib. Structural and
molecular modeling analyses indicate that the inhibitor induces dramatic
conformational transition and stabilizes unique DFG-shifted loop conformation,
enabling persistent sensitivity to different genetic mutations in
ALK. These data highlight a rationale for further development of next-generation
ALK inhibitors to combat drug resistance