Positive outcome expectancy mediates the relationship between social influence and Internet addiction among senior high-school students

Background and aims Based on the foundations of Bandura’s social cognitive theory and theory of triadic influence (TTI) theoretical framework, this study was designed to examine the mediating role of positive outcome expectancy of Internet use in the relationship between social influence and Internet addiction (IA) in a large representative sample of senior high-school students in Taiwan. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, 1,922 participants were recruited from senior high schools throughout Taiwan using both stratified and cluster sampling, and a comprehensive survey was administered. Results Structural equation modeling and bootstrap analyses results showed that IA severity was significantly and positively predicted by social influence, and fully mediated through positive outcome expectancy of Internet use. Discussion and conclusions The results not only support Bandura’s social cognitive theory and TTI framework, but can also serve as a reference to help educational agencies and mental health organizations design programs and create policies that will help in the prevention of IA among adolescents

Microbiota in monocultured Litopenaeus vannamei vs. polyculture with Trachinotus ovatus

The structures of the microbial community in the intestine, aquaculture water, and sediment of Litopenaeus vannamei, both in monoculture and mixed culture with Trachinotus ovatus, were analyzed by sequencing 16S rRNA amplicons. 1,120,500 valid reads were obtained from 21 samples, and 3,767 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were classified. In the two culture modes, the abundance and diversity of bacterial in the sediment were significantly higher than in the L. vannamei intestine under the monoculture mode, in the water and intestines of L. vannamei and T. ovatus under the mix-culture mode (P 0.05). The dominant phyla in the sediment under two culture modes were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi. The microbial community structure in the water and L. vannamei intestine were similar in both culture modes. The dominant phyla included Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, with their abundances ranging from 80.88% to 97.10%. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in each group of samples, and the dominant genus in both culture modes was GpIIa. There was little difference in microbial community structures under the two culture modes; while the culture mode did not affect the core phyla/genera, there were differences in relative abundance. The experimental results provide a reference for the exploration of efficient and specific probiotic screening and microbial formulation techniques

One Prompt Word is Enough to Boost Adversarial Robustness for Pre-trained Vision-Language Models

peer reviewedLarge pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) like CLIP, despite having remarkable generalization ability, are highly vulnerable to adversarial examples. This work studies the adversarial robustness of VLMs from the novel perspective of the text prompt instead of the extensively studied model weights (frozen in this work). We first show that the effectiveness of both adversarial attack and defense are sensitive to the used text prompt. Inspired by this, we propose a method to improve resilience to adversarial attacks by learning a robust text prompt for VLMs. The proposed method, named Adversarial Prompt Tuning (APT), is effective while being both computationally and data efficient. Extensive experiments are conducted across 15 datasets and 4 data sparsity schemes (from 1-shot to full training data settings) to show APT's superiority over hand-engineered prompts and other state-of-the-art adaption methods. APT demonstrated excellent abilities in terms of the in-distribution performance and the generalization under input distribution shift and across datasets. Surprisingly, by simply adding one learned word to the prompts, APT can significantly boost the accuracy and robustness (epsilon=4/255) over the hand-engineered prompts by +13% and +8.5% on average respectively. The improvement further increases, in our most effective setting, to +26.4% for accuracy and +16.7% for robustness. Code is available at https://github.com/TreeLLi/APT

Complete genome sequence of Echinicola rosea JL3085, a xylan and pectin decomposer.

Marine Bacteroidetes are well known for their functional specialization on the decomposition of polysaccharides which results from a great number of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Here we represent the complete genome of a Bacteroitedes member Echinicola rosea JL3085T that was isolated from surface seawater of the South China Sea. The genome is 6.06 Mbp in size with a GC content of 44.1% and comprises 4613 protein coding genes. A remarkable genomic feature is that the number of glycoside hydrolase genes in the genome of E. rosea JL3085T is high in comparison with most of the sequenced members of marine Bacteroitedes. E. rosea JL3085T genome harbored multi-gene polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) systems involved in the degradation of pectin, xylan and arabinogalactan. The large diversity of hydrolytic enzymes supports the use of E. rosea JL3085T as a candidate for biotechnological applications in enzymatic conversion of plant polysaccharides

Complete genome sequence of Echinicola rosea JL3085, a xylan and pectin decomposer

Abstract(#br)Marine Bacteroidetes are well known for their functional specialization on the decomposition of polysaccharides which results from a great number of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Here we represent the complete genome of a Bacteroitedes member Echinicola rosea JL3085 T that was isolated from surface seawater of the South China Sea. The genome is 6.06 Mbp in size with a GC content of 44.1% and comprises 4613 protein coding genes. A remarkable genomic feature is that the number of glycoside hydrolase genes in the genome of E. rosea JL3085 T is high in comparison with most of the sequenced members of marine Bacteroitedes . E. rosea JL3085 T genome harbored multi-gene polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) systems involved in the degradation of pectin, xylan and arabinogalactan. The large diversity of hydrolytic enzymes supports the use of E. rosea JL3085 T as a candidate for biotechnological applications in enzymatic conversion of plant polysaccharides