Interfacial microstructure and strengthening mechanism of dissimilar laser al/steel joint via a porous high entropy alloy coating

Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52275155) and Class III Peak Discipline of Shanghai-Materials Science and Engineering. JPO acknowledges funding by national funds from FCT-Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the scope of the projects LA/P/0037/2020, UIDP/50025/2020 and UIDB/50025/2020 of the Associate Laboratory Institute of Nanostructures, Nano-modelling and Nanofabrication-i3N.A porous high entropy alloy (HEA) coating was prepared on a steel surface by vacuum sintering. The coating was then used as a transition layer during dissimilar laser joining of Al to steel. Compared with the uncoated laser joints, the liquid alloy spread and infiltrated into the porous structure, the contact angle of the weld reduced from 65.8° to 56.7°, and the brazed width increased from 5.1 mm to 5.9 mm, which improved the wettability and spreadability of the molten filler wire on the substrate. In the case of the uncoated steel, the fusion zone/steel interfacial microstructure consisted of laminated Al7·2Fe1·8Si and Fe(Al,Si)3, while it changed to a composite-like structure containing a soft HEA skeleton and hard IMCs which included Al7·2Fe1·8Si, Al3Ni, and (Al,Si)2Cr. In addition, due to the sluggish diffusion effect of HEAs, a layer of gradient nanocrystalline composed of Al7·2Fe1·8Si was generated, which significantly strengthened the dissimilar laser joints with improvements in both the fracture load (∼26.5%) and the displacement (∼101.8%). The fracture mode changed from brittle to ductile failure when the porous HEA coating was applied, with fracture propagating through the HEA skeleton. This work provides a novel solution for the strengthening of hard-to-join dissimilar combinations.publishersversionpublishe

Parents\u27 Attitudes as Mediators Between Knowledge and Behaviours in Unintentional Injuries at Home of Children Aged 0-3 in Shanghai, Eastern China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: Parental behaviours are important in preventing unintentional injury at home among young children. Previous research showed an inconsistent relationship between knowledge and behaviours, indicating that the mechanisms may vary for different behaviours. This study aimed to examine the mediating roles of different attitudes in the mechanism of knowledge acting on different behaviours. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Eastern China Participants: Participants were recruited using stratified community-based sampling. A total of 488 parents of children aged 0–3 years participated in the study and 476 (97.5%) valid questionnaires were recovered. Primary outcome measures: Parents’ knowledge, attitudes (including injury attribution, preventability and responsibility) and behaviours (including supervision behaviours, risky behaviours and providing a safe home environment). Results: The results of mediation analysis showed that the mediator variables were different for different behaviours and that all associations were positive. Parents’ knowledge (β 0.19, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.24) and attitude of injury attribution (β 0.37, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.46) were directly associated with risky behaviours. Attitude of preventability was directly associated with parents’ supervision behaviour (β 0.27, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.40). Parents’ attitude of preventability mediated the positive association between knowledge, attitudes of injury attribution and responsibility, and supervision behaviours, as well as providing a safe home environment. In addition, the occurrence of child injuries at home was directly associated with home environment (β −0.41, 95% CI −0.82 to −0.01). Conclusions: The current findings confirm that attitudes play varying mediating roles between knowledge and different behaviours. An important recommendation is that parents’ attitudes, especially towards preventability and responsibility, need to be considered when health providers develop health education programmes targeted at improving parental supervision behaviours and providing a safe home environment

Effectiveness of WeChat-Group-Based Parental Health Education in Preventing Unintentional Injuries Among Children Aged 0-3: Randomized Controlled Trial in Shanghai

BACKGROUND: Unintentional injuries to children are a major public health problem. The online social media is a potential way to implement health education for caregivers in online communities. Using WeChat, a free and popular social media service in China, this study evaluated the effectiveness of social online community-based parental health education in preventing unintentional injuries in children aged 0-3. METHODS: We recruited 365 parents from two community health centers in Shanghai and allocated them into intervention and control groups randomly. Follow-up lasted for one year. The intervention group received and followed their WeChat group and a WeChat official account for dissemination of reliable medical information. The control group received only the WeChat group. RESULTS: Between the intervention and control groups, changes in unintentional injuries (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.02-2.87, P = .04), preventability (β = 0.344, 95% CI: 0.152-0.537, P \u3c .001), daily supervision behavior (β = 0.503, 95% CI: 0.036-0.970, P = .04), and behaviors for preventing specific injuries (β = 2.198, 95% CI: 1.530-2.865, P \u3c .001) were significantly different, and change in first-aid skills for treating a tracheal foreign body were nearly significant (P = .06). CONCLUSIONS: The WeChat-group-based parental health education can reduce the occurrence of unintentional child injuries by improving parents\u27 skills, beliefs, and behaviors. Online social communities promote health education and reduce unintentional injuries among children. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR1900020753. Registered on January 17, 2019

HSC-GPT: A Large Language Model for Human Settlements Construction

The field of human settlement construction encompasses a range of spatial designs and management tasks, including urban planning and landscape architecture design. These tasks involve a plethora of instructions and descriptions presented in natural language, which are essential for understanding design requirements and producing effective design solutions. Recent research has sought to integrate natural language processing (NLP) and generative artificial intelligence (AI) into human settlement construction tasks. Due to the efficient processing and analysis capabilities of AI with data, significant successes have been achieved in design within this domain. However, this task still faces several fundamental challenges. The semantic information involved includes complex spatial details, diverse data source formats, high sensitivity to regional culture, and demanding requirements for innovation and rigor in work scenarios. These factors lead to limitations when applying general generative AI in this field, further exacerbated by a lack of high-quality data for model training. To address these challenges, this paper first proposes HSC-GPT, a large-scale language model framework specifically designed for tasks in human settlement construction, considering the unique characteristics of this domain

Time of harvest affects United States-grown Aronia mitschurinii berry polyphenols, ◦Brix, and acidity

The goal of this study was to determine how the date of harvest impacts the quality characteristics of Aronia mitschurinii (A. K. Skvortsov and Maitul.) ‘Viking’ and ‘Galicjanka’ berries. Aronia berries were collected from farms in the Midwestern and Northeastern United States over seven weeks of harvest during 2018, 2019 and 2020. The berries were analyzed for total phenol, anthocyanins, proanthocyanins, sugar, and acid. Aronia berry composition modestly deviated between each year of the study. Berries harvested in 2018 had the highest total phenols and proanthocyanidins, both increasing in content from weeks 1–5 from 15.90 ± 3.15–19.65 mg gallic acid equivalents/g fw, a 24% increase, and 2.22 ± 0.40–2.94 mg (+)-catechin equivalents/g fw, a 32% increase, respectively. Berries harvested in 2019 had the lowest total phenol and proanthocyanidin levels and had increasing anthocyanins until week 4. In 2020, aronia berry proanthocyanidins differed from those in 2018 by having 38% lower levels after the 4th week. Across years, berries had increasing ◦Brix, ◦Brix: acid, and pH throughout the seven weeks of harvest. Additionally, all years had slight, but statistically insignificant decreases in acidity over the harvest period. Moreover, analysis from berries collected in 2019 suggests no significant difference in quality factors between Viking and Galicjanka aronia cultivars. In conclusion, aronia berry total phenols, proanthocyanidins, pH, and berry size can be significantly affected by the growing year and time of harvest. Acidity was impacted more by growing year than harvest week. In contrast, anthocyanins and ◦Brix were consistent between years, but influenced considerably by the week of harvest

The effects of different surgical approaches on the psychological status, medical coping mode and quality of life of patients with lung cancer

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the effects of robot-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS), video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS), and thoracotomy on the psychological status, medical coping mode, and quality of life of patients with lung cancer.MethodsA total of 158 patients with lung cancer were selected from the thoracic surgery center of a third-grade hospital in Hunan Province, China, from September to November 2020. The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ), and Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were used to assess the effects of the surgical approaches on the study parameters before and 48–96 h after surgery. The t-test and analysis of variance were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe results revealed that the patients’ depression increased, their short-term quality of life decreased, and they tended to adopt a positive coping mode after surgery (p < 0.05). The RATS and VATS groups differed in avoidance dimension of medical coping modes (p < 0.05). The VATS and thoracotomy groups differed in the body pain dimension of quality of life (p < 0.05). Different surgical approaches had no effect on the psychological status, medical coping modes except the avoidance dimension, and quality of life except the body pain dimension.ConclusionSurgical approaches have little effect on the psychological status, medical coping modes, and quality of life of patients with lung cancer; however, their depression increased and quality of life decreased after the surgery

Writings by and about Fung Asseng and Fung Ahok – Investigations of phonology and transcription of two Early Cantonese dialects of the early 19th century as recorded in German sources

Fung Asseng (馮亞星, 1792–?) und Fung Ahok (馮亞學, 1798–1877), zwei einigermaßen gebildete Matrosen aus der chinesischen Provinz Guǎngdōng oder Canton (廣東), waren die ersten Chinesen, die sich nachweislich in Deutschland aufhielten. In den 1820er Jahren fertigten sie in Halle und Potsdam umfangreiche zweisprachige Handschriften christlichen Inhalts an, in denen sie ihre frühkantonesischen Aussprachen zahlreicher chinesischer Schriftzeichen in das lateinische Alphabet transkribierten. Gleichzeitig berichteten auch einige deutsche Autoren über ihre Sprache. Diese Schriften, die von Asseng und Ahok selbst oder ihren deutschen Mitmenschen produziert wurden und summarisch als die „deutschen Quellen“ bezeichnet werden können, gelten als aufschlussreiche Materialien für die Erforschung der frühkantonesischen Sprache. Sie werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit zum ersten Mal systematisch untersucht, und zwar aus der Perspektive der chinesischen Dialektologie, der Missionarslinguistik sowie der (deutschen) Graphematik. Dadurch können nicht nur zwei historische Varianten des Frühkantonesischen phonetisch und phonologisch rekonstruiert, sondern auch die Transkriptionsregeln herausgearbeitet werden, die im Wesentlichen unter dem Einfluss der neuhochdeutschen Orthographie entstanden sind.Fung Asseng (馮亞星, 1792–?) and Fung Ahok (馮亞學, 1798–1877), two educated (to some degree) sailors from the Chinese province of Guǎngdōng or Canton (廣東), were the first Chinese to be recorded as staying in Germany. In the 1820s they produced voluminous bilingual manuscripts with Christian content in Halle and Potsdam, in which they transcribed their Early Cantonese pronunciations of numerous Chinese characters into the Latin alphabet. At the same time, some German authors reported about their language. These documents, produced by Asseng and Ahok themselves or their fellow Germans, which can be collectively referred to as the „German Sources“, are considered to be instructive materials for the study of the Early Cantonese language. In this thesis, they are systematically examined for the first time from the perspectives of Chinese dialectology, missionary linguistics and (German) graphematics. In this way, not only two historical variants of Early Cantonese can be reconstructed phonetically and phonologically, but also the rules of transcription can be worked out, which essentially arose under the influence of the New High German orthography

Life cycle assessment (LCA) of antioxidant active packaging: finding a breakeven point

To combat the food waste problem, active packaging technologies have been developed to extend the shelf life of food products at the consumer level. Non-migrative packaging, in which active compounds are immobilized on the food-contact surface, could also provide advantages in the clean label. Although active packaging could reduce food waste, it produces more environmental impacts because it requires additional raw material and processing steps, compared to conventional packaging. This study uses life cycle assessment (LCA) to gain an understanding of the sustainability performance of PET-Curcumin packaging that contains oil vinaigrette. The eco profile of the food-packaging system was calculated and presented in 8 impact categories. Overall, the additional impacts generated from the active packaging are small. A food waste reduction of 2% of the total amount contained in the packaging could offset the additional impacts of active packaging, except for freshwater eutrophication and fossil resource scarcity, which require 11.6% and 6.5%, respectively. Additionally, when developing active packaging for oil vinaigrette products, researchers need to pay particular attention to keeping fossil resource scarcity and human carcinogenic toxicity under acceptable levels

Formation of Large Size Precipitate-Free Zones in β Annealing of the Near-β Ti-55531 Titanium Alloy

Large size (>10000 μm2) precipitate-free zones in the absence of microsegregation were observed in the near-β Ti-55531 titanium alloy after furnace cooling from high temperature and longtime annealing in the single-β phase field. To reveal the formation mechanism of the large size precipitate-free zone, continuous cooling and isothermal heat treatment were carried out to investigate the β-α phase transformation process. It was found that the large size precipitate free zone is attributed to the heterogeneous nucleation of α phase. The nucleation site evolves in three different modes: I-random nucleation inside the β grain, II-network nucleation inside the β grain and, III-heterogeneous nucleation on the precipitated α phase. Modes I and II lead to homogeneous transformed structure while Mode III results in the large size precipitate-free zone. Both modes II and III are promoted at high annealing temperature, rapid cooling above 600 °C or slow cooling below 600 °C. Mode II is common as it can minimize the strain energy in phase transformation. As a result, the formation of the large size precipitate-free zone is not deterministic

Traffic classification-based spam filter

Abstract We propose an unsupervised spam filter called Bulk Mail Traffic Classification (BMTC