Development of a trench cutting re-mixing deep wall method model test device

The trench cutting re-mixing deep wall (TRD) is a new type of underground waterproof curtain. Mixing uniformity is the key index affecting the efficiency and quality of this method. However, because of many influencing factors, existing theories cannot be used to express the relationship between various factors and mixing uniformity. By analyzing the cutting and mixing process of the TRD method, the main factors affecting the uniformity of the mixing were obtained. A model test device was designed and manufactured, based on Buckingham's pi theorem. The validity of the model test device was verified through a comparative analysis of model and field test results. The model test device was demonstrated to be able to simulate the mixing process of the TRD method. The results provide guidance for promotion and better application of the TRD method

Construction and Validation of a Geometry-based Mathematical Model for Hard X-ray Imager

Quantitative and analytical analysis of modulation process of the collimator is a great challenge, and is also of great value to the design and development of Fourier transform imaging telescopes. The Hard X-ray Imager (HXI), as one of the three payloads onboard the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory(ASO-S) mission, adopts modulating Fourier-Transformation imaging technique and will be used to explore mechanism of energy release and transmission in solar flare activities. In this paper, a mathematical model is developed to analyze the modulation function under a simplified condition first. Then its behavior under six degrees of freedom is calculated after adding the rotation matrix and translation change to the model. In addition, unparalleled light and extended sources also are considered so that our model can be used to analyze the X-ray beam experiment. Next, applied to the practical HXI conditions, the model has been confirmed not only by Geant4 simulations but also by some verification experiments. Furthermore, how this model will help to improve the image reconstruction process after the launch of ASO-S is also presented

Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity, Liver Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension in Rats

BACKGROUND : Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) displays vasodilative, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective activities. Impaired production of H(2)S contributes to the increased intrahepatic resistance in cirrhotic livers. The study aimed to investigate the roles of H(2)S in carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced hepatotoxicity, cirrhosis and portal hypertension.METHODS AND FINDINGS : Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), a donor of H(2)S, and DL-propargylglycine (PAG), an irreversible inhibitor of cystathionine &gamma;-lyase (CSE), were applied to the rats to investigate the effects of H(2)S on CCl(4)-induced acute hepatotoxicity, cirrhosis and portal hypertension by measuring serum levels of H(2)S, hepatic H(2)S producing activity and CSE expression, liver function, activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1, oxidative and inflammatory parameters, liver fibrosis and portal pressure. CCl(4) significantly reduced serum levels of H(2)S, hepatic H(2)S production and CSE expression. NaHS attenuated CCl(4)-induced acute hepatotoxicity by supplementing exogenous H(2)S, which displayed anti-oxidative activities and inhibited the CYP2E1 activity. NaHS protected liver function, attenuated liver fibrosis, inhibited inflammation, and reduced the portal pressure, evidenced by the alterations of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hyaluronic acid (HA), albumin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-&alpha;, interleukin (IL)-1&beta;, IL-6 and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, liver histology, hepatic hydroxyproline content and &alpha;-smooth muscle actin (SMA) expression. PAG showed opposing effects to NaHS on most of the above parameters.CONCLUSIONS :&nbsp; Exogenous H2S attenuates CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension by its multiple functions including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, cytoprotection and anti-fibrosis, indicating that targeting H2S may present a promising approach, particularly for its prophylactic effects, against liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension.<br /

Surgical treatment strategy for multiple injury patients in ICU

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the surgical treatment for patients with multiple injuries in ICU.MethodsClinical data of 163 multiple injury patients admitted to ICU of our hospital from January 2006 to January 2009 were retrospectively studied, including 118 males and 45 females, with the mean age of 36.2 years (range, 5-67 years). The injury regions included head and neck (29 cases), face (32 cases), chest (89 cases), abdomen (77 cases), pelvis and limbs (91 cases) and body surface (83 cases). There were 57 cases combined with shock. ISS values varied from 10 to 54, 18.42 on average. Patients received surgical treatments in ICU within respectively 24 hours (10 cases), 24-48 hours (8 cases), 3-7 days (7 cases) and 8-14 days (23 cases).ResultsFor the 163 patients, the duration of ICU stay ranged from 2 to 29 days, with the average value of 7.56 days. Among them, 143 were cured (87.73%), 11 died in the hospital (6.75%) due to severe hemorrhagic shock (6 cases), craniocerebral injury (3 cases) and multiple organ failure (2 cases), and 9 died after voluntarily discharging from hospital (5.52%). The total mortality rate was 12.27%.ConclusionsThe damage control principle should be followed when multiple injury patients are resuscitated in ICU. Surgical treatment strategies include actively controlling hemorrhage, treating the previously missed injuries and related wounds or surgical complications and performing planned staging operations

Molecular Tweezers-like Calix[4]arene Based Alkaline Earth Metal Cation (Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+) Chemosensor and Its Imaging in Living Cells and Zebrafish

Although alkaline earth metal cations play an important role in our daily life, little attention has been paid to the field of fast quantitative analysis of their content due to a lack of satisfactory precision and a fast and convenient means of detection. In this study, we have designed a set of molecular tweezers based on the calix[4]arene chemosensor L, which was found to exhibit high selectivity and sensitivity toward Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ (by UV-vis and fluorescence methods) with low detection limits of the order of 10-7 to 10-8 M and high association constants (of the order of 106). More significantly, sensor L not only can recognize Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+ but also can further discriminate between these three cations via the differing red shifts in their UV-vis spectra (560 nm for L·Ca2+, 570 nm for L·Sr2+, and 580 nm for L·Ba2+ complex) which is attributed to their different atomic radii. A rare synergistic effect for the recognition mechanism has been demonstrated by 1H NMR spectroscopic titration. Sensor L constructed a high shielding field by the cooperation of Tris with alkaline earth metal ion after complex. Additionally, the presence of acetoxymethyl group in sensor L results in enhancement of cell permeability, and as a consequence, sensor L exhibited excellent sensing and imaging (in vivo) in living cells and in zebrafish

The progress of TMT Laser Guide Star Facility

The Laser Guide Star Facility (LGSF) is responsible for generating the artificial laser guide stars required by the TMT Laser Guide Star (LGS) AO systems. The LGSF uses multiple sodium lasers to generate and project several LGS asterisms from a laser launch telescope located behind the TMT secondary mirror. The LGSF includes 3 main subsystems: (1) the laser system, (2) the beam transfer optics (BTO) system, (3) the associated laser safety system. At present, the LGSF is in the preliminary design phase. During this phase, the laser launch telescope trade study, Beam transfer optical path trade study are compared carefully, and some critical components prototypes have been carried out to verify the requirements, such as the polarization status control and test, the Fast Steer Mirror (FSM) prototype test

Plasmoid ejection and secondary current sheet generation from magnetic reconnection in laser-plasma interaction

Reconnection of the self-generated magnetic fields in laser-plasma interaction was first investigated experimentally by Nilson {\it et al.} [Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 255001 (2006)] by shining two laser pulses a distance apart on a solid target layer. An elongated current sheet (CS) was observed in the plasma between the two laser spots. In order to more closely model magnetotail reconnection, here two side-by-side thin target layers, instead of a single one, are used. It is found that at one end of the elongated CS a fan-like electron outflow region including three well-collimated electron jets appears. The ($>1$ MeV) tail of the jet energy distribution exhibits a power-law scaling. The enhanced electron acceleration is attributed to the intense inductive electric field in the narrow electron dominated reconnection region, as well as additional acceleration as they are trapped inside the rapidly moving plasmoid formed in and ejected from the CS. The ejection also induces a secondary CS

Theoretical and cyclic voltammetry studies on antimalarial mechanism of artemisinin (Qinghaosu) derivatives

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