3,217 research outputs found
Functional single index models for longitudinal data
A new single-index model that reflects the time-dynamic effects of the single
index is proposed for longitudinal and functional response data, possibly
measured with errors, for both longitudinal and time-invariant covariates. With
appropriate initial estimates of the parametric index, the proposed estimator
is shown to be -consistent and asymptotically normally distributed.
We also address the nonparametric estimation of regression functions and
provide estimates with optimal convergence rates. One advantage of the new
approach is that the same bandwidth is used to estimate both the nonparametric
mean function and the parameter in the index. The finite-sample performance for
the proposed procedure is studied numerically.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/10-AOS845 the Annals of
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Covariate adjusted functional principal components analysis for longitudinal data
Classical multivariate principal component analysis has been extended to
functional data and termed functional principal component analysis (FPCA). Most
existing FPCA approaches do not accommodate covariate information, and it is
the goal of this paper to develop two methods that do. In the first approach,
both the mean and covariance functions depend on the covariate and time
scale while in the second approach only the mean function depends on the
covariate . Both new approaches accommodate additional measurement errors
and functional data sampled at regular time grids as well as sparse
longitudinal data sampled at irregular time grids. The first approach to fully
adjust both the mean and covariance functions adapts more to the data but is
computationally more intensive than the approach to adjust the covariate
effects on the mean function only. We develop general asymptotic theory for
both approaches and compare their performance numerically through simulation
studies and a data set.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-AOS742 the Annals of
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Inverse regression for longitudinal data
Sliced inverse regression (Duan and Li [Ann. Statist. 19 (1991) 505-530], Li
[J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 86 (1991) 316-342]) is an appealing dimension
reduction method for regression models with multivariate covariates. It has
been extended by Ferr\'{e} and Yao [Statistics 37 (2003) 475-488, Statist.
Sinica 15 (2005) 665-683] and Hsing and Ren [Ann. Statist. 37 (2009) 726-755]
to functional covariates where the whole trajectories of random functional
covariates are completely observed. The focus of this paper is to develop
sliced inverse regression for intermittently and sparsely measured longitudinal
covariates. We develop asymptotic theory for the new procedure and show, under
some regularity conditions, that the estimated directions attain the optimal
rate of convergence. Simulation studies and data analysis are also provided to
demonstrate the performance of our method.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-AOS1193 the Annals of
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org). With Correction
Smoothing dynamic positron emission tomography time courses using functional principal components
A functional smoothing approach to the analysis of PET time course data is presented. By borrowing information across space and accounting for this pooling through the use of a nonparametric covariate adjustment, it is possible to smooth the PET time course data thus reducing the noise. A new model for functional data analysis, the Multiplicative Nonparametric Random Effects Model, is introduced to more accurately account for the variation in the data. A locally adaptive bandwidth choice helps to determine the correct amount of smoothing at each time point. This preprocessing step to smooth the data then allows Subsequent analysis by methods Such as Spectral Analysis to be substantially improved in terms of their mean squared error
Booze and butts: A content analysis of the presence of alcohol in tobacco industry lifestyle magazines
published_or_final_versio
Significance and therapeutic implications of endothelial progenitorcells in angiogenic-mediated tumour metastasis
Cancer conveys profound social and economic consequences throughout the world. Metastasis is respon-sible for approximately 90% of cancer-associated mortality and, when it occurs, cancer becomes almostincurable. During metastatic dissemination, cancer cells pass through a series of complex steps includingthe establishment of tumour-associated angiogenesis. The human endothelial progenitor cells (hEPCs)are a cell population derived from the bone marrow which are required for endothelial tubulogenesisand neovascularization. They also express abundant inflammatory cytokines and paracrine angiogenicfactors. Clinically hEPCs are highly correlated with relapse, disease progression, metastasis and treatmentresponse in malignancies such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer and non-small-cell lung carcinoma. It hasbecome evident that the hEPCs are involved in the angiogenesis-required progression and metastasis oftumours. However, it is not clear in what way the signalling pathways, controlling the normal cellularfunction of human BM-derived EPCs, are hijacked by aggressive tumour cells to facilitate tumour metas-tasis. In addition, the actual roles of hEPCs in tumour angiogenesis-mediated metastasis are not wellcharacterised. In this paper we reviewed the clinical relevance of the hEPCs with cancer diagnosis, pro-gression and prognosis. We further summarised the effects of tumour microenvironment on the hEPCsand underlying mechanisms. We also hypothesized the roles of altered hEPCs in tumour angiogenesisand metastasis. We hope this review may enhance our understanding of the interaction between hEPCsand tumour cells thus aiding the development of cellular-targeted anti-tumour therapies
A Functional Approach to Deconvolve Dynamic Neuroimaging Data.
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an imaging technique which can be used to investigate chemical changes in human biological processes such as cancer development or neurochemical reactions. Most dynamic PET scans are currently analyzed based on the assumption that linear first-order kinetics can be used to adequately describe the system under observation. However, there has recently been strong evidence that this is not the case. To provide an analysis of PET data which is free from this compartmental assumption, we propose a nonparametric deconvolution and analysis model for dynamic PET data based on functional principal component analysis. This yields flexibility in the possible deconvolved functions while still performing well when a linear compartmental model setup is the true data generating mechanism. As the deconvolution needs to be performed on only a relative small number of basis functions rather than voxel by voxel in the entire three-dimensional volume, the methodology is both robust to typical brain imaging noise levels while also being computationally efficient. The new methodology is investigated through simulations in both one-dimensional functions and 2D images and also applied to a neuroimaging study whose goal is the quantification of opioid receptor concentration in the brain.The research of Ci-Ren Jiang is supported in part by NSC 101-2118-M-001-013-MY2 (Taiwan); the research of Jane-Ling Wang is supported by NSF grants, DMS-09-06813 and DMS-12-28369. JA is supported by EPSRC grant EP/K021672/2. The authors would like to thank SAMSI and the NDA programme where some of this research was carried out.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Taylor & Francis via http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2015.106024
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