104 research outputs found
Influence of Mo on the Fe:Mo:C nano-catalyst thermodynamics for single-walled carbon nanotube growth
We explore the role of Mo in Fe:Mo nanocatalyst thermodynamics for
low-temperature chemical vapor deposition growth of single walled carbon
nanotubes (SWCNTs). By using the size-pressure approximation and ab initio
modeling, we prove that for both Fe-rich (~80% Fe or more) and Mo-rich (~50% Mo
or more) Fe:Mo clusters, the presence of carbon in the cluster causes
nucleation of Mo2C. This enhances the activity of the particle since it
releases Fe, which is initially bound in a stable Fe:Mo phase, so that it can
catalyze SWCNT growth. Furthermore, the presence of small concentrations of Mo
reduce the lower size limit of low-temperature steady-state growth from ~0.58nm
for pure Fe particles to ~0.52nm. Our ab initio-thermodynamic modeling explains
experimental results and establishes a new direction to search for better
catalysts.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. submitte
Theoretical study of the thermal behavior of free and alumina-supported Fe-C nanoparticles
The thermal behavior of free and alumina-supported iron-carbon nanoparticles
is investigated via molecular dynamics simulations, in which the effect of the
substrate is treated with a simple Morse potential fitted to ab initio data. We
observe that the presence of the substrate raises the melting temperature of
medium and large nanoparticles ( = 0-0.16, = 80-1000, non-
magic numbers) by 40-60 K; it also plays an important role in defining the
ground state of smaller Fe nanoparticles ( = 50-80). The main focus of our
study is the investigation of Fe-C phase diagrams as a function of the
nanoparticle size. We find that as the cluster size decreases in the
1.1-1.6-nm-diameter range the eutectic point shifts significantly not only
toward lower temperatures, as expected from the Gibbs-Thomson law, but also
toward lower concentrations of C. The strong dependence of the maximum C
solubility on the Fe-C cluster size may have important implications for the
catalytic growth of carbon nanotubes by chemical vapor deposition.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, higher quality figures can be seen in article 9
at http://alpha.mems.duke.edu/wahyu
Dichloroacetate blocks aerobic glycolytic adaptation to attenuated measles virus and promotes viral replication leading to enhanced oncolysis in glioblastoma
Targeting reprogrammed energy metabolism such as aerobic glycolysis is a potential strategy for cancer treatment. However, tumors exhibiting low-rate glycolysis or metabolic heterogeneity might be resistant to such treatment. We hypothesized that a therapeutic modality that drove cancer cells to high-rate glycolysis might sensitize cancer cells to interference directed against metabolic flux. In this study, we found that attenuated oncolytic measles virus Edmonston strain (MV-Edm) caused glioblastoma cells to shift to high-rate aerobic glycolysis; this adaptation was blocked by dichloroacetate (DCA), an inhibitor of glycolysis, leading to profound cell death of cancer cells but not of normal cells. DCA enhanced viral replication by mitigating mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS)-mediated innate immune responses. In a subcutaneous glioblastoma (GBM) xenograft mouse model, low-dose MV-Edm and DCA significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. We found that DCA impaired glycolysis (blocking bioenergetic generation) and enhanced viral replication (increasing bioenergetic consumption), which, in combination, accelerated bioenergetic exhaustion leading to necrotic cell death. Taken together, oncolytic MV-Edm sensitized cancer cells to DCA, and in parallel, DCA promoted viral replication, thus, improving oncolysis. This novel therapeutic approach should be readily incorporated into clinical trials
Investigation of the structure of beta-Tantalum
The local structure of beta-tantalum was investigated by comparing
experimental extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements with
calculated spectra of proposed models. Four possible structure candidates were
examined: a beta-Uranium based structure, a distorted A15 structure, a bcc-Ta
based superlattice structure with N interstitials and a simple hcp structure.
The local structural measurements were found to be consistent with the
beta-Uranium based model containing 30 atoms per unit cell and having the space
group P42/mnm. The thermal effect analysis on x-ray diffraction and EXAFS
spectra, which reveals that beta-Ta is highly disordered, agrees with the low
symmetry and anisotropic system of the beta-U model.Comment: 26 pages, two tables, 8 figures, submitted to Journal of Applied
physic
The structure and stability of beta-Ta thin films
Ta films with tetragonal crystalline structure (beta-phase), deposited by
magnetron sputtering on different substrates (steel, silicon and silicon
dioxide), have been studied. In all cases, very highly preferred (001)
orientation was observed in x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. All
diffraction data revealed two weak reflections corresponding to d-spacing of
0.5272 and 0.1777 nm. The presence of the two peaks, attributed to (001) and
(003) reflections, indicates that beta-Ta films exhibit a high preference for
the space group of P-421m over P42/mnm, previously proposed for beta-Ta.
Differences in relative intensities of (00l) reflections, calculated for single
crystal beta-Ta sigma-type Frank-Kasper structure and those measured in the
films, are attributed to defects in the films. Molecular dynamics simulations
performed on tantalum clusters with six different initial configurations using
the embedded-atom-method (EAM) potential revealed the stability of beta-Ta,
which might explain its growth on many substrates under various deposition
conditions.Comment: 27 pages, 6 figures,1 tabl
Stress-induced endocytosis and degradation of epidermal growth factor receptor are two independent processes
Proteomics analysis reveals differentially activated pathways that operate in peanut gynophores at different developmental stages
INTERVAL ANALYSIS METHOD OF RELIABILITY PREDICTION ON AUTOMOTIVE BRAKE SYSTEM AND TIRE
Fault tree of automotive brake system and tire were set up according to their typical failure modes. We use the likelihood function and belief function of D-S theory respectively as the fault tree to analyze the upper and lower bounds of bottom event fault probability interval,we also apply the interval analysis theory to construct the AND operator,OR operator,and we conduct numerical computation on bottom event fault probability interval to solve the quantitative calculation problem of fault tree,thus to obtain probability interval of the top event fault,and reliability of automobile tire and brake system are analyzed and predicted. The calculation results show that this method is effective and feasible, which provide a reference design for improvement and the adjustment of automotive brake system and tire
The structure of small Ta clusters The structure of small Ta clusters
Abstract The structure of small tantalum clusters is investigated by using molecular dynamics simulations. A structural evolution from polytetrahedral structures to layered Frank-Kasper-type structures is revealed as cluster size increases to N ∼ 100 atoms. The lowest-energy structures have been located for clusters with N 78. The bulk-like (bcc) structure becomes the most stable structure beyond N ∼ 100. The stabilized structure strongly depends on the cooling rate. A structure similar to β-Ta, a σ -type Frank-Kasper structure, can be obtained by rapid cooling. The structural properties of small Ta clusters presented in the paper provide insight into the formation and origin of β-phase Ta. The growth of β-Ta films in practice may be due to the nucleation of Ta clusters with layered Frank-Kasper-type structure during the initial stage of film growth
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