Fast Multiple-Fluid Simulation Using Helmholtz Free Energy

Multiple-fluid interaction is an interesting and common visual phenomenon we often observe. In this paper, we present an energybased Lagrangian method that expands the capability of existing multiple-fluid methods to handle various phenomena, such as extraction, partial dissolution, etc. Based on our user-adjusted Helmholtz free energy functions, the simulated fluid evolves from high-energy states to low-energy states, allowing flexible capture of various mixing and unmixing processes. We also extend the original Cahn-Hilliard equation to be better able to simulate complex fluid-fluid interaction and rich visual phenomena such as motionrelated mixing and position based pattern. Our approach is easily integrated with existing state-of-the-art smooth particle hydrodynamic (SPH) solvers and can be further implemented on top of the position based dynamics (PBD) method, improving the stability and incompressibility of the fluid during Lagrangian simulation under large time steps. Performance analysis shows that our method is at least 4 times faster than the state-of-the-art multiple-fluid method. Examples are provided to demonstrate the new capability and effectiveness of our approach

Study On Water Age In An Estuary Using Three-Dimensional Models

The age of water (AW) concept is applied in the Pearl River Estuary to investigate the water exchange process in three-dimensional space and its seasonal variation. A three-dimensional AW model is built based on the advanced hydrodynamic model MIKE3, and the model has been verified against a field survey dataset in the Pearl River Estuary. Using this model, the spatio-temporal distributions of water age are numerically determined in response to hydrodynamic factors. The predictions indicate that the mean AW values inside the Pearl River Estuary during the wet season and the dry season are approximately 10 days and 25 days, respectively. In general, lower AW values are observed at the surface, with higher values occurring near the bed, while in the wet season, a more obvious AW stratification can be observed. A comparison between the barotropic and baroclinic predictions indicates that the density-induced circulation causes a significant decrease in the exchange timescales

Rotective effect of Fengliao-Changweikang extracts, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine formula,on mucosa in rat with chronic gastritis

Background: Fengliao-Changwei-Kang(FCK), the Chinese patent drug, is a famous traditional Chinese herbal medicine formula. It has a significant effect on the clinic treatment of gastrointestinal diseases  including gastritis, enteritis and diarrhea for many years. However, there is few research on the  protective effects of FCK on the gastric mucosa of chronic gastritis (CG) model rat. Objective: The present study aimed to explore the effects of FCK extract on mucosa in rats with Chronic Gastritis.Materials and Methods: 50 SD mice were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 in each group（five per sex). The groups are respectively control group, model group, low, middle and high FCK extracts (FCK I, II and III) group. The CG rat model was induced by synthetic methods. FCK I, II and III group were  administrated with FCK extracts at 2.16g• kg, 4.32g• kg, 8.94g• kg once per day for 21 consecutive  days, and the control group and model group were administrated the same volume of distilled water at 10mL/kg once per day. 16 hours after the last administration, the rats were anesthetized and their blood and stomach were drawn from vena cava and abdominal cavity. The serum levels of EGF was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method, the expression of growth factor receptor (EGFR) in gastric mucosa was detected by immunohistochemical method, and the mRNA expressions of NF-κB p65 was detected in-situ hybridization.Results: The inflammation grades and the expressions of NF-κB p65 mRNA in gastric mucosa of the model group were markedly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). The inflammation grades of gastric mucosa and the expressions of NF-κB p65 mRNA in gastric mucosa the FCK extract group are significantly lower than those of the model group, and the FCK extract group at 8.64g/kg could greatly increase the serum levels of EGF and the expressions of EGFR in gastric mucosa. High EGF level was found in FCK extract group at 4.32g/kg, but low in FCK extract groups at 2.16g/kg. There were no marked differences among the rats from control group, model group and FCK extract group on ratio of Ll/L2 (P>0.05).Conclusions: FCK extract could alleviate mucosal inflammation by down regulating the expressions of NF-κB p65 mRNA and promote tissue repair by up regulating EGFR expression in gastric mucosa cell.Keywords: chronic gastritis; fengliao-changwei-kang extract; epidermal growth factor receptor; nuclear factor kappa B

Chinese Medicine Shenfu Injection for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective. Heart failure (HF) is a global public health problem. Early literature studies manifested that Shenfu injection (SFI) is one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese patent medicine for HF in China. This article intended to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of SFI for HF. Methods. An extensive search was performed within 6 English and Chinese electronic database up to November 2011. Ninety-nine randomized controlled trails (RCTs) were collected, irrespective of languages. Two authors extracted data and assessed the trial quality independently. RevMan 5.0.2 was used for data analysis. Results. Compared with routine treatment and/or device support, SFI combined with routine treatment and/or device support showed better effect on clinical effect rate, mortality, heart rate, NT-proBNP and 6-minute walk distance. Results in ultrasonic cardiography also showed that SFI combined with routine treatment improved heart function of HF patients. There were no significant difference in blood pressure between SFI and routine treatment groups. Adverse events were reported in thirteen trails with thirteen specific symptoms, while no serious adverse effect was reported. Conclusion. SFI appear to be effective for treating HF. However, further rigorously designed RCTs are warranted because of insufficient methodological rigor in the majority of included trials