The Kirchhoff Index of Hypercubes and Related Complex Networks

The resistance distance between any two vertices of G is defined as the network effective resistance between them if each edge of G is replaced by a unit resistor. The Kirchhoff index Kf(G) is the sum of resistance distances between all the pairs of vertices in G. We firstly provided an exact formula for the Kirchhoff index of the hypercubes networks Qn by utilizing spectral graph theory. Moreover, we obtained the relationship of Kirchhoff index between hypercubes networks Qn and its three variant networks l(Qn), s(Qn), t(Qn) by deducing the characteristic polynomial of the Laplacian matrix related networks. Finally, the special formulae for the Kirchhoff indexes of l(Qn), s(Qn), and t(Qn) were proposed, respectively

Transcriptome sequencing of olfactory-related genes in olfactory transduction of large yellow croaker (Larimichthy crocea) in response to bile salts

Fish produce and release bile salts as chemical signalling substances that act as sensitive olfactory stimuli. To investigate how bile salts affect olfactory signal transduction in large yellow croaker (Larimichthy crocea), deep sequencing of olfactory epithelium was conducted to analyse olfactory-related genes in olfactory transduction. Sodium cholates (SAS) have typical bile salt chemical structures, hence we used four different concentrations of SAS to stimulate L. crocea, and the fish displayed a significant behavioural preference for 0.30% SAS. We then sequenced olfactory epithelium tissues, and identified 9938 unigenes that were significantly differentially expressed between SAS-stimulated and control groups, including 9055 up-regulated and 883 down-regulated unigenes. Subsequent Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses found eight categories linked to the olfactory transduction pathway that was highly enriched with some differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including the olfactory receptor (OR), Adenylate cyclase type 3 (ADCY3) and Calmodulin (CALM). Genes in these categories were analysed by RT-qPCR, which revealed aspects of the pathway transformation between odor detection, and recovery and adaptation. The results provide new insight into the effects of bile salt stimulation in olfactory molecular mechanisms in fishes, and expands our knowledge of olfactory transduction, and signal generation and decline

Relative increases in CH4 and CO2 emissions from wetlands under global warming dependent on soil carbon substrates

15 páginas.- 3 figuras.- 57 referencias.- Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01345-6Compelling evidence has shown that wetland methane emissions are more temperature dependent than carbon dioxide emissions across diverse hydrologic conditions. However, the availability of carbon substrates, which ultimately determines microbial carbon metabolism, has not been adequately accounted for. By combining a global database and a continental-scale experimental study, we showed that differences in the temperature dependence of global wetland methane and carbon dioxide emissions (EM/C) were dependent on soil carbon-to-nitrogen stoichiometry. This can be explained mainly by the positive relationship between soil organic matter decomposability and EM/C. Our study indicates that only 23% of global wetlands will decrease methane relative to carbon dioxide emissions under future warming scenarios when soil organic matter decomposability is considered. Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating soil organic matter biodegradability into model predictions of wetland carbon–climate feedback.The authors received funding from Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA28030102 to Y.L.), National Natural Scientific Foundation of China (92251305 to M.N., 41622104 to Y.L.), Innovation Program of the Institute of Soil Science (ISSASIP2201 to Y.L.) and Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2016284 to Y.L.).Peer reviewe

Artificial intelligence : A powerful paradigm for scientific research

Y Artificial intelligence (AI) coupled with promising machine learning (ML) techniques well known from computer science is broadly affecting many aspects of various fields including science and technology, industry, and even our day-to-day life. The ML techniques have been developed to analyze high-throughput data with a view to obtaining useful insights, categorizing, predicting, and making evidence-based decisions in novel ways, which will promote the growth of novel applications and fuel the sustainable booming of AI. This paper undertakes a comprehensive survey on the development and application of AI in different aspects of fundamental sciences, including information science, mathematics, medical science, materials science, geoscience, life science, physics, and chemistry. The challenges that each discipline of science meets, and the potentials of AI techniques to handle these challenges, are discussed in detail. Moreover, we shed light on new research trends entailing the integration of AI into each scientific discipline. The aim of this paper is to provide a broad research guideline on fundamental sciences with potential infusion of AI, to help motivate researchers to deeply understand the state-of-the-art applications of AI-based fundamental sciences, and thereby to help promote the continuous development of these fundamental sciences.Peer reviewe

FACTORS AFFECTING ON LEADERSHIP OF FEMALE LECTURERS IN A UNIVERSITY, GUANGXI PROVINCE, CHINA

The main problems of leadership among female in higher education system are difficulty of women balancing the relationship between family responsibilities and work needs in the path of obtaining the top leadership. This research aims to compare whether there was any statistically significant difference in the levels of leaderships among female lecturers based on their personal factors. A research was surveyed leaderships and their related factors among female lecturers in a university at Guanxi, China. In order to conduct this research, data were gathered using the survey questionnaire, which tested for validity and reliability (Chronbac’s alpha = 0.947) already. From 1,087 female lecturers, the calculated sample size and multistage proportional sampling were done. The voluntary 284 female lectures were included in this research. The analytic statistics were ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation. The results showed that the significant levels of teachers’ leaderships by age, highest education levels, marital status, number of children, work experiences, social and psychological factors. The suggestions were decreased family responsibilities and social with psychological supporting for promoting leaderships of female lecture. &nbsp

MetaSVs: A pipeline combining long and short reads for analysis and visualization of structural variants in metagenomes

Abstract Structural variants (SVs, including large‐scale insertions, deletions, inversions, and translocations) significantly impact the functions of genes in the microbial genome, and SVs in the microbiome are associated with diverse biological processes and human diseases. With the advancements in sequencing and bioinformatics technologies, increasingly, sequencing data and analysis tools are already being extensively utilized for microbiome SV analyses, leading to a higher demand for more dedicated SV analysis workflows. Moreover, due to the unique detection biases of various sequencing technologies, including short‐read sequencing (such as Illumina platforms) and long‐read sequencing (e.g., Oxford Nanopore and PacBio), SV discovery based on multiple platforms is necessary to comprehensively identify the wide variety of SVs. Here, we establish an integrated pipeline MetaSVs combining Nanopore long reads and Illumina short reads to analyze SVs in the microbial genomes from gut microbiome and further identify differential SVs that can be reflective of metabolic differences. Our pipeline provides researchers easy access to SVs and relevant metabolites in the microbial genomes without the requirement of specific technical expertise, which is particularly useful to researchers interested in metagenomic SVs but lacking sophisticated bioinformatic knowledge

Experimental verification and improvement of heat transfer tube local wall temperature measurement method

To ensure the measuring accuracy of the wall temperature, the outer wall temperature measurement values by using three kinds of thermocouple welding methods were analyzed and evaluated in the paper, including single-point flush-mounted in the wall groove method, single-point insert-mounted in the wall groove, and outer surface direct welding method, based on the application of a tube-in-tube condensing heat exchanger. And the impacts of silver, tin, and thermal resistance adhesive as filling materials on wall temperature measurement were also investigated, and the results were compared to that obtained without filling materials. The results showed that the wall temperatures measured by the three welding methods were lower than the theoretically calculated value. And the wall temperature measured by the outer surface direct welding method was lowest under the same experimental conditions. The wall temperatures measured by single-point flush-mounted and insert-mounted in the wall groove methods were also affected by different welding filling materials. It was found that the greater the thermal resistance of filling materials, the smaller the heat loss. By analyzing the reasons for the low measured value of wall temperature, a new wall temperature measurement method was developed to improve the accuracy of the current measurement method. Meanwhile, the outer wall temperature measurement experiments of vertical and horizontal heat transfer tubes were carried out to validate and calibrate the improved outer wall temperature measurement method. The results showed that the average outer wall temperature deviation measured by the improved wall temperature measurement method ranged from −0.82% to +2.29% for vertical tubes and −4.75% to −1.44% for horizontal tubes, and the improved measurement method had good measurement accuracy

Balance Transmission Mechanism in Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

With the rapid development of underwater acoustic modem technology, underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs) have more applications in long-term monitoring of the deployment area. In the underwater environment, the sensors are costly with limited energy. And acoustic communication medium poses new challenges, including high path loss, low bandwidth, and high energy consumption. Therefore, designing transmission mechanism to decrease energy consumption and to optimize the lifetime of UWASN becomes a significant task. This paper proposes a balance transmission mechanism, and divides the data transmission process into two phases. In the routing set-up phase, an efficient routing algorithm based on the optimum transmission distance is present to optimize the energy consumption of the UWASN. And then, a data balance transmission algorithm is introduced in the stable data transmission phase. The algorithm determines one-hop or multihop data transmission of the node to underwater sink according to the current energy level of adjacent nodes. Furthermore, detailed theoretical analysis evaluates the optimum energy levels in the UWASNs with different scales. The simulation results prove the efficiency of the BTM

The Kirchhoff Index of Folded Hypercubes and Some Variant Networks

The n-dimensional folded hypercube FQn is an important and attractive variant of the n-dimensional hypercube Qn, which is obtained from Qn by adding an edge between any pair of vertices complementary edges. FQn is superior to Qn in many measurements, such as the diameter of FQnwhich is ⌈n/2⌉, about a half of the diameter in terms of Qn. The Kirchhoff index Kf(G) is the sum of resistance distances between all pairs of vertices in G. In this paper, we established the relationships between the folded hypercubes networks FQn and its three variant networks l(FQn), s(FQn), and t(FQn) on their Kirchhoff index, by deducing the characteristic polynomial of the Laplacian matrix in spectral graph theory. Moreover, the explicit formulae for the Kirchhoff indexes of FQn, l(FQn), s(FQn), and t(FQn) were proposed, respectively

A Semi-Instantaneous Heat Exchanger for Mobile Solar Collectors Test System

A semi-instantaneous heat exchanger which can solve low efficiency and space shortage of mobil test system for thermal performance of solar collectors is proposed in this paper, In this paper, the structure parameters of heat exchanger and the power of heat resistance are designed based on the method of mean temperature difference. The experiment results show the performance of test system has been optimized. The efficiency of collectors test can be increased 50% and the total weight of the primary heater and working medium is reduced to 13.8%.The load of the test vehicle and occupancy volume have been decreased. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i7.286