522 research outputs found
CCR: Facial Image Editing with Continuity, Consistency and Reversibility
Three problems exist in sequential facial image editing: incontinuous
editing, inconsistent editing, and irreversible editing. Incontinuous editing
is that the current editing can not retain the previously edited attributes.
Inconsistent editing is that swapping the attribute editing orders can not
yield the same results. Irreversible editing means that operating on a facial
image is irreversible, especially in sequential facial image editing. In this
work, we put forward three concepts and corresponding definitions: editing
continuity, consistency, and reversibility. Then, we propose a novel model to
achieve the goal of editing continuity, consistency, and reversibility. A
sufficient criterion is defined to determine whether a model is continuous,
consistent, and reversible. Extensive qualitative and quantitative experimental
results validate our proposed model and show that a continuous, consistent and
reversible editing model has a more flexible editing function while preserving
facial identity. Furthermore, we think that our proposed definitions and model
will have wide and promising applications in multimedia processing. Code and
data are available at https://github.com/mickoluan/CCR.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figure
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Deletion of heat shock protein 60 in adult mouse cardiomyocytes perturbs mitochondrial protein homeostasis and causes heart failure.
To maintain healthy mitochondrial enzyme content and function, mitochondria possess a complex protein quality control system, which is composed of different endogenous sets of chaperones and proteases. Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) is one of these mitochondrial molecular chaperones and has been proposed to play a pivotal role in the regulation of protein folding and the prevention of protein aggregation. However, the physiological function of HSP60 in mammalian tissues is not fully understood. Here we generated an inducible cardiac-specific HSP60 knockout mouse model, and demonstrated that HSP60 deletion in adult mouse hearts altered mitochondrial complex activity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ROS production, and eventually led to dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and lethality. Proteomic analysis was performed in purified control and mutant mitochondria before mutant hearts developed obvious cardiac abnormalities, and revealed a list of mitochondrial-localized proteins that rely on HSP60 (HSP60-dependent) for correctly folding in mitochondria. We also utilized an in vitro system to assess the effects of HSP60 deletion on mitochondrial protein import and protein stability after import, and found that both HSP60-dependent and HSP60-independent mitochondrial proteins could be normally imported in mutant mitochondria. However, the former underwent degradation in mutant mitochondria after import, suggesting that the protein exhibited low stability in mutant mitochondria. Interestingly, the degradation could be almost fully rescued by a non-specific LONP1 and proteasome inhibitor, MG132, in mutant mitochondria. Therefore, our results demonstrated that HSP60 plays an essential role in maintaining normal cardiac morphology and function by regulating mitochondrial protein homeostasis and mitochondrial function
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Network during light-induced cotyledons opening and greening in Astragalus membranaceus
Opening and greening are main characteristics of morphogenesis of cotyledons. For revealing interrelationship between metabolism and morphogenesis, metabolic shifts were analyzed in cotyledon of A. membranaceus seedlings with different stages in light and in darkness. Light induced 69 metabolites (MA), related to cotyledon greening; additional 89 metabolites (MB), related to cotyledon opening, were identified by WGCNA. The screening of metabolites shared in both MA and MB obtained 37 specific metabolites (MC) related to both opening and greening. In this context, main changes in MC occurred during A3, the stage in which cotyledons fully opened and greened. Within MC, few sugars, including L-(-)-sorbose, mannose, glucose and its derivatives, markedly decreased, while other sugars, amino acids, and unsaturated fatty acids increased. Most isoflavones and flavonols including ononin, caycosin-7-glucosides, quercetin, genistein, and catechin increased 5.3, 5.5, 13.4, 6.4 and 1.8 times, respectively. Thus, accumulated flavonoids play an important role during this developmental stage. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
BAG5 Interacts with DJ-1 and Inhibits the Neuroprotective Effects of DJ-1 to Combat Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage
Loss-of-function mutations in gene encoding DJ-1 contribute to the pathogenesis of autosomal recessive early-onset familial forms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). DJ-1 is a multifunctional protein and plays a protective role against oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage and cell death, but the exact mechanism underlying this is not yet clearly understood. Here, using coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and immunofluorescence methods, we prove that Bcl-2-associated athanogene 5 (BAG5), a BAG family member, interacts with DJ-1 in mammalian cells. Moreover, we show that BAG5 could decrease stability of DJ-1 and weaken its role in mitochondrial protection probably by influencing dimerization in stress condition. Our study reveals the relationship of BAG5 and DJ-1 suggesting a potential role for BAG5 in the pathogenesis of PD through its functional interactions with DJ-1
Surface-Confined Two-Dimensional Crystal Growth on a Monolayer
Conventional vapor deposition or epitaxial growth of two-dimensional (2D)
materials and heterostructures is conducted in a large chamber in which masses
transport from the source to the substrate. Here we report a chamber-free,
on-chip approach for growing a 2D crystalline structures directly in a
nanoscale surface-confined 2D space. The method is based on a surprising
discovery of a rapid, long-distance, non-Fickian transport of a uniform layer
of atomically thin palladium (Pd) on a monolayer crystal of tungsten
ditelluride (WTe2), at temperatures well below the known melting points of all
materials involved. The resulting nanoconfined growth realizes a controlled
formation of a stable new 2D crystalline material, Pd7WTe2 , when the monolayer
seed is either free-standing or fully encapsulated in a van der Waals stack.
The approach is generalizable and highly compatible with nanodevice
fabrication, promising to expand the library of 2D materials and their
functionalities
The LAMOST Survey of Background Quasars in the Vicinity of the Andromeda and Triangulum Galaxies -- II. Results from the Commissioning Observations and the Pilot Surveys
We present new quasars discovered in the vicinity of the Andromeda and
Triangulum galaxies with the LAMOST during the 2010 and 2011 observational
seasons. Quasar candidates are selected based on the available SDSS, KPNO 4 m
telescope, XSTPS optical, and WISE near infrared photometric data. We present
509 new quasars discovered in a stripe of ~135 sq. deg from M31 to M33 along
the Giant Stellar Stream in the 2011 pilot survey datasets, and also 17 new
quasars discovered in an area of ~100 sq. deg that covers the central region
and the southeastern halo of M31 in the 2010 commissioning datasets. These 526
new quasars have i magnitudes ranging from 15.5 to 20.0, redshifts from 0.1 to
3.2. They represent a significant increase of the number of identified quasars
in the vicinity of M31 and M33. There are now 26, 62 and 139 known quasars in
this region of the sky with i magnitudes brighter than 17.0, 17.5 and 18.0
respectively, of which 5, 20 and 75 are newly-discovered. These bright quasars
provide an invaluable collection with which to probe the kinematics and
chemistry of the ISM/IGM in the Local Group of galaxies. A total of 93 quasars
are now known with locations within 2.5 deg of M31, of which 73 are newly
discovered. Tens of quasars are now known to be located behind the Giant
Stellar Stream, and hundreds behind the extended halo and its associated
substructures of M31. The much enlarged sample of known quasars in the vicinity
of M31 and M33 can potentially be utilized to construct a perfect astrometric
reference frame to measure the minute PMs of M31 and M33, along with the PMs of
substructures associated with the Local Group of galaxies. Those PMs are some
of the most fundamental properties of the Local Group.Comment: 26 pages, 6 figures, AJ accepte
Dense infraspecific sampling reveals cryptic differentiation in the enigmatic hemiparasitic love vine Cassytha filiformis (Lauraceae)
Species delimitation remains a challenge worldwide, especially in highly diverse tropical and subtropical regions. Here, we use an integrative approach that combines morphology, phylogenomics, and species distribution modeling (SDM) to clarify the cryptic differentiation within the enigmatic hemiparasitic love vine Cassytha filiformis (Lauraceae) in China and adjacent regions. We generated complete plastid genomes and nuclear ribosomal sequences for diverse samples from across the species range and compared results with previously published plastid data, recovering two well-supported monophyletic clades. Further, the analysis revealed significant differences in two morphological characters and SDM, indicating distinct environmental factors influencing their distributions. Fossil-calibrated analyses to estimate the origins and diversification patterns for the cryptic species gave divergence age estimates corresponding to the Oligo-Miocene; a period of new ecological opportunities associated with the prevailing East Asian monsoon. Multivariate analyses support the conclusion that southern China and adjacent regions have a different, previously unknown, cryptic lineage of C. filiformis. Our study highlights the importance of using multivariate approach to characterize plant species, as well as the significant role that past climatic changes have played in driving speciation in parasitic plants in tropical and subtropical zones.</p
Identification of <em>CHIP</em> as a novel causative gene for autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia
Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias are a group of neurodegenerative disorders that are characterized by complex clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Although more than 20 disease-causing genes have been identified, many patients are still currently without a molecular diagnosis. In a two-generation autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia family, we mapped a linkage to a minimal candidate region on chromosome 16p13.3 flanked by single-nucleotide polymorphism markers rs11248850 and rs1218762. By combining the defined linkage region with the whole-exome sequencing results, we identified a homozygous mutation (c.493CT) in CHIP (NM_005861) in this family. Using Sanger sequencing, we also identified two compound heterozygous mutations (c.389AT/c.441GT; c.621C>G/c.707GC) in CHIP gene in two additional kindreds. These mutations co-segregated exactly with the disease in these families and were not observed in 500 control subjects with matched ancestry. CHIP colocalized with NR2A, a subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, in the cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata, hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Wild-type, but not disease-associated mutant CHIPs promoted the degradation of NR2A, which may underlie the pathogenesis of ataxia. In conclusion, using a combination of whole-exome sequencing and linkage analysis, we identified CHIP, encoding a U-box containing ubiquitin E3 ligase, as a novel causative gene for autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia
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