Thermal alterations of potassium exchangeability in micaceous mineral particles of different size

The exchangeability of interlayer K in micaceous minerals is governed by the conditions imposed by the solution around the particles and the mineral properties themselves. This study focused on the role of mineral properties by relating the K extracted by NaCl-NaTPB solutions to differences in existing and thermally altered properties of selected minerals. The relevance of particle size, mixed layering and dioctahedral structures were emphasized by using size-fractions of ground muscovite, \u3c 2 (mu)m fractions of Tumut and Grundite illites and four trioctahedral mica-vermiculites;When the micaceous minerals were heated, several changes in K exchangeability occurred and the minerals lost weight by dehydration and dehydroxylation. Dehydroxylation enhanced the rate and amount of K release in all the dioctahedral minerals by increasing the interlayer spacing. Mica-vermiculites with mixed layering yielded the same thermal response even though trioctahedral micas behaved otherwise and there was no evidence of dehydroxylation involvement. The minerals varied in their response to temperatures under 400(DEGREES)C, but dehydration was not an obvious factor. These low temperatures reduced layer weathering and thereby provided a means of detecting this mechanism of K release. Layer weathering was a significant factor in ground micas, not in the illites. In the absence of dehydroxylation, reductions in edge weathering also occurred in many heated samples. The thermally induced changes in layer and edge weathering probably stemmed from a reduction in interlayer spacing. If so, a similar explanation should be considered for the limited K release in small particles because the relevance of layer weathering was eliminated by comparisons of heated illites and ground mica. X-ray diffraction studies verified the occurrence of structural alterations but not a measurable decrease in interlayer spacing. However, the small particle effect in illites was circumvented by the expanding effects of dehydroxylation. Mixed layering plays a major role in the thermal responses of mica-vermiculites but has no identifiable effect on K exchange in unheated minerals;The interlayer spacing and condition of the lateral edges of the mineral particles appear to dominate the exchangeability of interlayer K

Robust Affinity Propagation using Preference Estimation

Affinity propagation is a novel unsupervised learning algorithm for exemplar-based clustering without the priori knowledge of the number of clusters (NC). In this article, the influence of the “preference” on the accuracy of AP output is addressed. We present a robust AP clustering method, which estimates what preference value could possibly yield an optimal clustering result. To demonstrate the performance promotion, we apply the robust AP on picture clustering, using local SIFT, global MPEG-7 CLD, and the proposed preference as the input of AP. The experimental results show that over 40% enhancement of ARI accuracy for several image datasets

Adaptive fast block-matching algorithm by switching search patterns for sequences with wide-range motion content

[[abstract]]Content with rapid, moderate, and slow motion is frequently mixed together in real video sequences. Until now, no fast block-matching algorithm (FBMA), including the well-known three-step search (TSS), the block-based gradient descent search (BBGDS), and the diamond search (DS), can efficiently remove the temporal redundancy of sequences with wide range motion content. This paper proposes an adaptive FBMA, called A-TDB, to solve this problem. Based on the characteristics of a proposed predicted profit list, the A-TDB can adaptively switch search patterns among the TSS, DS, and BBGDS, according to the motion content. Experimental results reveal that the A-TDB successfully adopts the search patterns to remove the temporal redundancy of sequences with slow, moderate and rapid motion content.[[fileno]]203021101000

Thermal alterations of potassium exchangeability in micaceous mineral particles of different size

The exchangeability of interlayer K in micaceous minerals is governed by the conditions imposed by the solution around the particles and the mineral properties themselves. This study focused on the role of mineral properties by relating the K extracted by NaCl-NaTPB solutions to differences in existing and thermally altered properties of selected minerals. The relevance of particle size, mixed layering and dioctahedral structures were emphasized by using size-fractions of ground muscovite, < 2 (mu)m fractions of Tumut and Grundite illites and four trioctahedral mica-vermiculites;When the micaceous minerals were heated, several changes in K exchangeability occurred and the minerals lost weight by dehydration and dehydroxylation. Dehydroxylation enhanced the rate and amount of K release in all the dioctahedral minerals by increasing the interlayer spacing. Mica-vermiculites with mixed layering yielded the same thermal response even though trioctahedral micas behaved otherwise and there was no evidence of dehydroxylation involvement. The minerals varied in their response to temperatures under 400(DEGREES)C, but dehydration was not an obvious factor. These low temperatures reduced layer weathering and thereby provided a means of detecting this mechanism of K release. Layer weathering was a significant factor in ground micas, not in the illites. In the absence of dehydroxylation, reductions in edge weathering also occurred in many heated samples. The thermally induced changes in layer and edge weathering probably stemmed from a reduction in interlayer spacing. If so, a similar explanation should be considered for the limited K release in small particles because the relevance of layer weathering was eliminated by comparisons of heated illites and ground mica. X-ray diffraction studies verified the occurrence of structural alterations but not a measurable decrease in interlayer spacing. However, the small particle effect in illites was circumvented by the expanding effects of dehydroxylation. Mixed layering plays a major role in the thermal responses of mica-vermiculites but has no identifiable effect on K exchange in unheated minerals;The interlayer spacing and condition of the lateral edges of the mineral particles appear to dominate the exchangeability of interlayer K.</p

A Virtual Channel Technique for Supporting Live/On-demand Streaming

[[abstract]]Nowadays, some powerful client devices, e.g., set-top boxes and digital video recorders, are commonly used to enhance digital TV broadcasting services. This paper proposes a virtual channel platform by organizing these client devices to establish a peer-to-peer overlay to virtually support each user with a dedicated channel according to their demands. In the proposed platform, each video program is partitioned into many small segments before it is shared. A virtual channel is constructed by composing the necessary video segments, which are possibly from different videos, into a long video playout sequence for the user. However, retrieving these small segments from a large scale peer-to-peer network could cause a relatively large query overhead. To reduce the number of queries, we propose a virtual stream mechanism by aggregating popular adjacent video segments to logically form a long video object. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed virtual channel platform can improve the service performance

An A* algorithm to yield an optimal solution for the channel routing problem in VLSI

[[abstract]]An algorithm is proposed to find an optimal solution for the channel-routing problem in VLSI design. The algorithm is an A* algorithm with good heuristics and dominance rules to terminate unnecessary nodes in the searching-tree. Theoretical and experimental results indicate that it behaves quite well in average cases. The authors obtained an optimal solution for the Deutsch difficult case in 5.5 minutes of CPU time, with the algorithm implemented in Pascal and run on a VAX 11/750 computer.[[fileno]]2030211030024[[department]]資訊工程學

Robust Affinity Propagation using Preference Estimation

Affinity propagation is a novel unsupervised learning algorithm for exemplar-based clustering without the priori knowledge of the number of clusters (NC). In this article, the influence of the “preference” on the accuracy of AP output is addressed. We present a robust AP clustering method, which estimates what preference value could possibly yield an optimal clustering result. To demonstrate the performance promotion, we apply the robust AP on picture clustering, using local SIFT, global MPEG-7 CLD, and the proposed preference as the input of AP. The experimental results show that over 40% enhancement of ARI accuracy for several image datasets