From Agasa Cristie to Group Image Play-Analysis of Horror Survival Game Panic Room : Escaping from the Den on Emotional Elements Development

A maniac computer game genre called "Survival Horror Games‟ is aimed for making gamers feel cathartic feeling when they escaped from the designed horror successfully. The degree of gaming quality, however, is not easy to measure. In this paper, we apply Caillois‟ game playing categories and other standards to measure how a game induces the feeling of fear and other emotional experience to players. Once dominated horror survival game series called Panic Room: Escaping from the Den was chosen to analyze and evaluate with those standards as well as its narratives and subsystems. Especially the 2nd version was most welcomed to users among 4 versions thus we focused on the difference between the version 1 and the version 2 in terms of game playing and fear elements in the game content and story structure. In result, version 2 showed much more Agon and Mimicry and all other fear elements than version 1. The group image playing structure and conference/collection subsystem that were newly provided to version 2 were attributed to its success

The effect of epidural administration of dexamethasone on postoperative pain: a randomized controlled study in radical subtotal gastrectomy

BACKGROUND: Epidurally administered dexamethasone may reduce the incidence and severity of postoperative pain. We investigated whether postoperative pain could be alleviated by preoperative or postoperative epidural dexamethasone administration in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. METHODS: Ninety patients (age 30-77 with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II) undergoing radical subtotal gastrectomy were randomly allocated to three groups using computer generated randomization. In all groups, 10 ml of 0.25% ropivacaine was injected epidurally before the start and at the end of the operation. In Group I, a bolus ropivacaine epidural without dexamethasone was administered. In Group II, dexamethasone (5 mg) was added to the ropivacaine bolus epidural before the start of operation. In Group III, the same amount of dexamethasone was given with the ropivacaine epidural at the end of operation. Effort and resting VAS, the use of rescue analgesics and any complications noted during the procedure were evaluated. RESULTS: VAS and requirements of rescue analgesics were significantly lower in Groups II and III when compared to Group I. There were no difference in the incidence of nausea and vomiting between groups, but an itching sensation was frequent in Group III. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of 5 mg of dexamethasone epidurallly, before or after operation, could reduce the pain and analgesic requirement after radical subtotal gastrectomy.ope

Descubrimiento incremental de las reglas de asociación temporales

El descubrimiento de las Reglas de Asociación es una de las técnicas de Data Mining. Tiene como objetivo buscar patrones interesantes (reglas) para el soporte en los procesos de tomas de decisiones. Las Reglas de Asociación Temporales son aquellas que tienen asociadas un conjunto de intervalos de tiempo que corresponden a los períodos considerados frecuentes de dicha regla. El manejo del concepto de la "temporalidad" permite considerar no sólo aquellos itemsets frecuentes en todo el período almacenado en la Base de Datos, sino también aquellos itemsets que cumpliendo ciertas condiciones son considerados frecuentes en algunos subintervalos. Así también, permite depurar reglas que contienen items que son obsoletos a un tiempo definido por el usuario. Puesto que suponemos una Base de Datos que sufre actualizaciones en el tiempo, ya sea por la incorporación de nuevas transacciones, como la eliminación de transacciones obsoletas, es necesario también contar con un mecanismo de actualización de las Reglas de Asociación. En este trabajo se presenta una técnica para la actualización de las Reglas de Asociación Temporales, que permita optimizar el uso de los recursos y reducir el tiempo de procesamiento de grandes volúmenes de datos, como los usados normalmente para los propósitos de datamining.Eje: I - Workshop de Ingeniería de Software y Base de DatosRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Descubrimiento incremental de las reglas de asociación temporales

El descubrimiento de las Reglas de Asociación es una de las técnicas de Data Mining. Tiene como objetivo buscar patrones interesantes (reglas) para el soporte en los procesos de tomas de decisiones. Las Reglas de Asociación Temporales son aquellas que tienen asociadas un conjunto de intervalos de tiempo que corresponden a los períodos considerados frecuentes de dicha regla. El manejo del concepto de la "temporalidad" permite considerar no sólo aquellos itemsets frecuentes en todo el período almacenado en la Base de Datos, sino también aquellos itemsets que cumpliendo ciertas condiciones son considerados frecuentes en algunos subintervalos. Así también, permite depurar reglas que contienen items que son obsoletos a un tiempo definido por el usuario. Puesto que suponemos una Base de Datos que sufre actualizaciones en el tiempo, ya sea por la incorporación de nuevas transacciones, como la eliminación de transacciones obsoletas, es necesario también contar con un mecanismo de actualización de las Reglas de Asociación. En este trabajo se presenta una técnica para la actualización de las Reglas de Asociación Temporales, que permita optimizar el uso de los recursos y reducir el tiempo de procesamiento de grandes volúmenes de datos, como los usados normalmente para los propósitos de datamining.Eje: I - Workshop de Ingeniería de Software y Base de DatosRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Optimal set of grid size and angular increment for practical dose calculation using the dynamic conformal arc technique: a systematic evaluation of the dosimetric effects in lung stereotactic body radiation therapy

Purpose To recommend the optimal plan parameter set of grid size and angular increment for dose calculations in treatment planning for lung stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) using dynamic conformal arc therapy (DCAT) considering both accuracy and computational efficiency. Materials and methods Dose variations with varying grid sizes (2, 3, and 4 mm) and angular increments (2°, 4°, 6°, and 10°) were analyzed in a thorax phantom for 3 spherical target volumes and in 9 patient cases. A 2-mm grid size and 2° angular increment are assumed sufficient to serve as reference values. The dosimetric effect was evaluated using dose–volume histograms, monitor units (MUs), and dose to organs at risk (OARs) for a definite volume corresponding to the dose–volume constraint in lung SBRT. The times required for dose calculations using each parameter set were compared for clinical practicality. Results Larger grid sizes caused a dose increase to the structures and required higher MUs to achieve the target coverage. The discrete beam arrangements at each angular increment led to over- and under-estimated OARs doses due to the undulating dose distribution. When a 2° angular increment was used in both studies, a 4-mm grid size changed the dose variation by up to 3–4% (50 cGy) for the heart and the spinal cord, while a 3-mm grid size produced a dose difference of \u3c1% (12 cGy) in all tested OARs. When a 3-mm grid size was employed, angular increments of 6° and 10° caused maximum dose variations of 3% (23 cGy) and 10% (61 cGy) in the spinal cord, respectively, while a 4° increment resulted in a dose difference of \u3c1% (8 cGy) in all cases except for that of one patient. The 3-mm grid size and 4° angular increment enabled a 78% savings in computation time without making any critical sacrifices to dose accuracy. Conclusions A parameter set with a 3-mm grid size and a 4° angular increment is found to be appropriate for predicting patient dose distributions with a dose difference below 1% while reducing the computation time by more than half for lung SBRT using DCAT

PD-1 deficiency protects experimental colitis via alteration of gut microbiota

Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) is a coinhibitory molecule and plays a pivotal role in immune regulation. Here, we demonstrate a role for PD-1 in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Wild-type (WT) mice had severe wasting disease during experimentally induced colitis, while mice deficient for PD-1 (PD-1(-/-)) did not develop colon inflammation. Interestingly, PD-1(-/-) mice cohoused with WT mice became susceptible to colitis, suggesting that resistance of PD-1(-/-) mice to colitis is dependent on their gut microbiota. 16S rRNA gene-pyrosequencing analysis showed that PD-1(-/-) mice had altered composition of gut microbiota with significant reduction in Rikenellaceae family. These altered colon bacteria of PD-1(-/-) mice induced less amount of inflammatory mediators from colon epithelial cells, including interleukin (IL)-6, and inflammatory chemokines. Taken together, our study indicates that PD-1 expression is involved in the resistance to experimental colitis through altered bacterial communities of colon.112Ysciescopuskc

CHANGE IN SPATIOTEMPORAL CYCLE VARIABLES & MUSCLE ACTIVATION DURING CtASSlC ROLLER SKI DOUBLE POLING TECHNIQUE

The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of distance covered while roller skiing using the double poling technique. Five national team members and college elite cross-country skiers were chosen to participate in this study. EMG system and digital camcorder were used to measure spatiotemporal cycle variables, muscular fatigue, and activation patterns. There were no significant differences on cycle variables. However, the result shows accumulation of fatigue and decrease of muscle activation on triceps brachii and tibialis anterior muscles across skiing distance