Critical Appraisal of Various Techniques Used for Velocity Distribution in Open Channel Flow

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv

El estdo de tres sifonóforos (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) raros descritos por Tamiji Kawamura: Bathyphysa japonica, Athorybia longifolia and Forskalia misakiensis

[EN] The holotypes of three species inquirendae siphonophores collected in Japanese waters and described by Tamiji Kawamura were re-examined. It is considered that Bathyphysa japonica is not a valid species because there are no characters that distinguish it from other Bathyphysa species; Athorybia longifolia is an incorrectly described specimen of A. rosacea; and Forskalia misakiensis is a wrongly described and badly preserved specimen, probably of F. edwardsi[ES] Han sido reexaminados los holotipos de tres sifonóforos species inquirendae recogidos en aguas japonesas y que fueron descritos por Tamiji Kawamura. Se considera que Bathyphysa japonica no es una especie válida porque no se observan caracteres que la distingan de otras especies de Bathyphysa. Athorybia longifolia es un espécimen de A. rosacea descrito incorrectamente; y Forskalia misakiensis es un espécimen descrito erroneamente y preservado inadecuadamente, probablemente de F. edwardsiThis study was sponsored by the Japanese Society for the Promotion of SciencePeer reviewe

Environmental Protection Measures for Unplanned Land Use and Land Cover Changes in a Subbasin of the Ganga River System

In the Ganga river system, unplanned land use land cover (LULC) changes have serious threat to the environment. Protective measures are essential at local, regional, and global scales to save human life and the environment. In the present work, the land use and land cover (LULC) changes have been studied from 2002 to 2021 in a basin area between river Gandak and river Burhi Gandak in India. For the analysis, Landsat 5, 7, and 8 satellite data have been used to analyze the changes in vegetation, urban land, open land, water body, and wet soil in the last two decades. The result shows that from 2002 to 2021 the agricultural area and open land have decreased by 16.12% (158,676 ha) and 11.85% (116794.8 ha), respectively. The urban and the waterlogged area have increased by 24.32% (240,070 ha) and 4.75% (46937.3 ha), respectively. The environmental protection measures, namely conjunctive use, multiple cropping practices, land reclamation, and decentralized urban development to reduce floating population, have been studied and recommended in the study region for better land use/land cover

Integrated Method of Ozonation and Anaerobic Process for Treatment of Atrazine bearing Wastewater

The paper presents the treatment of atrazine-contaminated wastewater by ozonation followed by an anaerobic process using Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor. The experiment was performed with 100 ppb synthetic solutions of atrazine prepared in ultra-pure water. The corresponding initial Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is 226 mg.L-1. The initial pH was adjusted to 9.5. The atrazine-bearing synthetic wastewater was ozonated with an ozone dose of 9.4mg/l for 40 minutes of optimum ozonation time, resulting in a 35% reduction in the initial concentration of atrazine. Along with atrazine reduction, there was a COD removal of 54.42%. Further, it was degraded with an anaerobic process, resulting in the final reduction in atrazine concentration of 81% and the corresponding removal in COD of 86.7%. The process of ozonation led to the mineralization of atrazine and enhancement in the biodegradability of the wastewater. Using ion chromatography, the ozonated wastewater sample was analyzed for ionic by-products before and after ozonation. The ion chromatography results showed the breaking of the atrazine compound and the formation of Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, and F- as intermediate products. Further, the BOD5/COD ratio increased, reflecting the increased biodegradability. This ozonated wastewater was treated in a UASB reactor where the pesticide was degraded to 19 ppb, and COs degraded to 30 mg.L-1. The overall removal of atrazine pesticide and COD were 81% and 86.7%, respectively, in the integrated system of ozonation followed by anaerobic degradation

Integration of Wetland Technology for Sustainable Urban Development

The wetland technology has been derived from the concepts taken from the functions and services provided by natural wetland ecosystem. This study investigates the role of Wetland Technology Integration (WTI) for promoting Sustainable Urban Development (SUD). The research aims to assess the impact of WTI on water quality improvement, identify obstacles and opportunities and evaluate its influence on social, economic and environmental dimensions. This research employs a cross-sectional study design to assess WTI in urban development of Patna. Stratified random sampling ensures equitable representation across stakeholder group. A comprehensive questionnaire gathers data on water quality, and social, economic, and environmental impacts from 295 participants, facilitating a holistic understanding of present integration practices. The study revealed significant improvements in specific Water Quality Parameters (WQPs) in integrated area, affirming the positive effect of WTI on water quality. Regression models demonstrated a positive relationship between WTI and social, economic and environmental impact, indicating its favourable influence on urban sustainability. WTI in urban development holds promise for enhancing water quality and strengthens sustainability. The study’s outcomes offer insights into the multifaceted benefits of WTI and underscore the importance of overcoming challenges

Threshold stress and load partitioning during creep of metal matrix composites

Corrigendum: an error was noted by the authors regarding the calculation of the matrix strengthening factor during creep of MMCs through equations (5) and (6).The threshold stress, ro, included in the creep equation to explain the high-temperature behavior of discontinuously reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs) is criticized on the basis of microstructural considerations and a new creep data analysis. An alternative interpretation, based on changes in the composite matrix microstructure and, in particular, a load transfer mechanism, is proposed. The resulting creep equation is similar to that in which ro is used: in essence, ro is simply replaced by the stress carried by the reinforcement (referred to as rT). New creep data on 6061Al–15 vol.% SiCw composite and the corresponding unreinforced alloy, allowing direct experimental assessment of composite creep strengthening, Dr, are analyzed. The linear dependence found of Dr with the applied stress, r, Dr(r), correlates reasonably well with shear-lag and Eshelby model predictions of rT, transferred during composite creep deformation. The possible occurrence of damage mechanisms and the complexity of modeling these mechanisms to predict the overall composite creep behavior are also discussed.Project MAT-05-0527 from MEC, Spain. Dr. G. Requena for providing his creep data and Dr. J. Ibáñez for his help in the SEM.Peer reviewe

Impact of urbanization on groundwater recharge and urban water balance for the city of Hyderabad, India

Groundwater recharge processes in an urban area are different than in non-urban areas. There are various new components that must be considered in the case of urban groundwater recharge in addition to the natural recharge from precipitation. These various components are estimated in this study based on the water balance equation for the Hyderabad city of India. Initially, urban recharge components including leakages from water supply network and sewage networks were calculated. To estimate the natural recharge from precipitation, actual evapotranspiration and surface runoff were estimated using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Results indicated that the urban recharge component of groundwater was more than ten times greater than the natural recharge. The net urban recharge component of groundwater was estimated to be approximately 568 mm yr-1 and the natural recharge component was observed to be 53 mm yr-1. Water inflow and outflow components were also estimated to provide the complete scenario of the total urban water balance of Hyderabad. This analysis has provided the information regarding the extent and intensity of percolation of urban contaminants into the aquifer