FRS 12: an inter-industry study of its impact on share prices

This paper assesses the impact of the publication of FRS No. 12, 'Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets' in 1998 on the share prices of UK companies. Although the standard affects all UK companies (restricting "big bath" provisions), it specifically requires extractive firms to make provisions for abandonment costs at the outset of the project. This additional requirement may cause FRS 12 to have a larger impact on companies in extractive industries compared to other companies. Using event study methodology, we find a positive share price impact on the release of FRS 12 for both extractive and other affected firms, although the abnormal returns are substantially lower for extractive firms. This suggests that, while investors welcomed the increased disclosure requirements, the mandatory requirements set by FRS 12 may be onerous for extractive firms. The abnormal returns were significantly lower for those firms reporting significantly increased provisions after the introduction of the new standard, consistent with the new provision requirements being costly for the companies most directly affected

Solidaritas Kekerabatan Suku Bangsa Bantik Di Kelurahan Malalayang I Manado

Kinship Solidarity of Bantik Tribe in County of Malalayang I Manado. As one of the tribe in Minahasa, the Bantik tribe scattered in some locations. It is in south-western area of Manado, such as in Malalayang district, Kalasey and in North area of Manado such as in Buha, Bengkol and in Bailang, Molas and Meras counties. The location of research deals with the Bantik tribe in Malalayang district of Manado city. The peoples of Bantik tribe has opened to the arriving of the peoples of other tribe in Indonesia. It is formerly of Minahasa, then of Java, Gorontalo, Bolaang Mongondow tribes, and also of Bugis, Bali, Toraja, Sangerese and Talaud, Chinese as well. In spite of they have lived together with the other tribes, but they still possess their habit, custom and mores, and they persistently hold their cultural values, considered as valued, appreciated and worth caryng and ever lasting.It is the social activities to be in special attention where there is a solidarity between the peoples such as: dying event, marriage, sickness, accident, and all the other social activities which need togetherness. Facing the event, the adults and old parents feel the task of theirs, to give attention and responsibility for the kinship life towards the future so that they form the group of helping each other, to help and to work together. This has been recognised by the Bantik tribe as “poposandeng” based on the motto of Bantik tribe consisted of three H : (1) Hintakinang (honor each other); (2) Hingtulungang (help each other); and (3) Hinggilidang (love each other). These three H in still carried away until now.Keyword : Solidarity, Kinship, Bantik Tribe.Solidaritas Kekerabatan Suku Bangsa Bantik di Kelurahan Malalayang I Manado. Suku bangsa Bantik sebagai salah satu suku bangsa yang ada di Minahasa yang tersebar di beberapa tempat seperti di sebelah barat daya kota Manado yaitu di Kecamatan Malalayang, Kalasey dan sebelah utara Manado yakni di Buha, Bengkol, Talawaan Bantik, Bailang, Molas, Meras serta Tanamon di Kecamatan Sinonsayang Minahasa Selatan, wilayah Ratahan dan wilayah Mongondow. Suku Bangsa Bantik yang ada di Kecamatan Malalayang Kota Manado yang menjadi tempat penelitian, mereka telah membuka diri untuk menerima Perubahan dengan kedatangan orang-orang dari berbagai suku bangsa yang ada di Indonesia antara lain orang Jawa, Minahasa, Gorontalo, Bolaang Mongondow, Batak, Bali, Bugis, Toraja, Sangir, Talaud juga ada dari keturunan Tionghoa. Walaupun telah hidup berdampingan dengan keanekaragaman suku bangsa, mereka memiliki adat istiadat, kebiasaan serta tetap mempertahankan nilai-nilai budaya yang mereka anggap bernilai, berharga serta patut dijaga, dilestarikan seperti kegiatan sosial yang dilakukan secara bersama yakni solidaritas antar kerabat dalam bidang kematian, perkawinan, Sakit, musibah kecelakaan, dan lain kegiatan tolong menolong di dalam masyarakat, dengan adanya peristiwa-peristiwa seperti ini oleh orang-orang tua merasa terpanggil, peduli dan merasa bertanggung jawab untuk kehidupan kekerabatan mereka kedepan sehingga masyarakat perlu membentuk suatu kelompok gotong royong tolong-menolong atau kerjasama yang oleh orang Bantik dikenal dengan “poposadeng” yang didasarkan pada motto masyarakat suku bangsa Bantik dikenal dengan 3 H : 1) Hintakinang yakni saling Menghormati (baku-baku hormat), 2) Hingtulungang yakni saling tolong-menolong/saling membantu (baku-baku bantu), 3) Hinggilidang yakni saling sayang menyayangi (baku-baku sayang/baku-baku bae) berlaku sampai sekarang ini

Membrane Systems and Petri Net Synthesis

Automated synthesis from behavioural specifications is an attractive and powerful way of constructing concurrent systems. Here we focus on the problem of synthesising a membrane system from a behavioural specification given in the form of a transition system which specifies the desired state space of the system to be constructed. We demonstrate how a Petri net solution to this problem, based on the notion of region of a transition system, yields a method of automated synthesis of membrane systems from state spaces.Comment: In Proceedings MeCBIC 2012, arXiv:1211.347

Operation of Biofilter with Mixed Agricultural Residue as Filter Material: Effects of Humidification and Inlet Hydrogen Sulfide Volume fraction on the Performance

Mixed agricultural residue, inoculated with aerobic sulfide oxidizing microbial consortium, was used as biofilter media to study the removal efficiency (,R) of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The effect of humidification and inlet H2S volume fraction on the performance of biofilter was also investigated. A 3.9 l bench scale biofilter was continuously operated to treat air containing H2S gas in the range of = 275 to 2833 · 10–6 for 150 days. ,R of 99 % was obtained at = 2020 · 10–6 of inlet H2S volume fraction during continuous operation with humidification. However, ,R dropped to 51 % when the inlet H2S fraction increased beyond = 2020 · 10–6. A maximum elimination productivity of 91 g m–3 H2S of filter bed h-1 and inlet mass loading rate of 91 g m-3 H2S of filter bed h-1 was achieved when the tEBRT was in the range of 15 – 155 s. The filter was operated without the humidifier at the inlet H2S fraction of = 2020 · 10–6 and observed that ,R dropped to 51 % due to the drop in moisture of the filter material. However, R could be recovered up to 83 % upon reintroduction of humidifier into the circuit of biofiltration process indicating, that humidification of the waste gas was essential to achieve the highest possible ,R at particular inlet H2S fraction. The filter recorded ,R above 99 % even in the acidic phase at = 2020 ·10–6 of inlet H2S fraction without intermittent washing. The gas dispersion characteristics were comparable to the previously tested bed materials, offering low-pressure drop across the biofilter in the range of 21 – 74mm of H2O per meter height of packing material

Joblist Dokumentasi Berbasis Website dengan Ilearning Wikis

Teaching and learning process in education is a core activity. This process is the interaction that occurs between faculty and students as well as influenced by existing activities. The use of integrated information systems to process the job sector in the organization has become an absolute necessity. However, such systems generally do not provide a container to encapsulate all the information to help evaluate student performance. In addition the number of scattered data in a database system resulted in a massive copy process at any time require the data. Thus, the existence of this reality by using Wikis iLearning data can be displayed in a container that allows a work history of development and there is one report display tasks can be neatly arranged to facilitate the search. Monitoring evaluation of student performance will be more focused to achieve a successful student project. This paper attempts to describe the problems faced in an information system, especially in the documentation of student performance evaluation, explanation iLearning Wikis, architecture, program listings, as well as diagrams. In the prototype implementation is shown a graph of the data development and documentation of student work. Wikis iLearning is a website joblist documentation that provides reports and data storage facilities provide user profile information. Implementation of Wikis can be used to provide solutions to the problems in teaching and learning in particular database storag

Recent advances in petri nets and concurrency

CEUR Workshop Proceeding

Brand and generic use of inhalation medication and frequency of switching in children and adults : a population-based cohort study

BACKGROUND: The expiration of patents of brand inhalation medications and the ongoing pressure on healthcare budgets resulted in a growing market for generics. AIM: To study the use of brand and generic inhalation medication and the frequency of switching between brand and generic and between devices. In addition, we investigated whether switching affected adherence. METHODS: From dispensing data from the Dutch PHARMO Database Network a cohort aged ≥ 5 years, using ≥ 1 year of inhalation medication between 2003 and 2012 was selected. Switching was defined as changing from brand to generic or vice versa. In addition, we studied change in aerosol delivery device type (e.g., DPI, pMDI, and nebulizers). Adherence was calculated using the medication possession ratio (MPR). RESULTS: The total cohort comprised 70,053 patients with 1,604,488 dispensations. Per calendar year, 5% switched between brand and generic inhalation medication and 5% switched between devices. Median MPRs over the first 12 months ranged between 33 and 55%. Median MPR over the total period was lower after switch from brand to generic and vice versa for formoterol (44.5 vs. 42.1 and 63.5 vs. 53.8) and beclomethasone (93.8 vs. 59.8 and 81.3 vs. 55.9). CONCLUSION: Per year, switching between brand and generic inhalation medication was limited to 5% of the patients, switching between device types was observed in 5% as well. Adherence to both generic and brand inhalation medication was low. Effect of switching on adherence was contradictory; depending on time period, medication and type, and direction of switching. Further research on reasons for switching and potential impact on clinical outcomes is warranted