Desenvolvimento de cinco linhagens de Agaricus Bisporus Lange (Imbach) (“champignon de Paris”) em diferentes formulações de composto e meios de cultura

A produção de composto de qualidade para Agaricus bisporus e a pesquisa por linhagens produtivas são alguns dos principais fatores relacionados à produtividades elevadas. Desta forma, foram realizados dois experimentos: 1. a campo, avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação nitrogenada na formulação de dois tipos de compostos, clássico e sintético, para o cultivo de cinco linhagens de A. bisporus: ABI-05/03, ABI-04/02, ABI-06/05, ABI-09/10 e ABI-09/11; 2. avaliou-se a influência de cinco linhagens de A. bisporus no desenvolvimento micelial em dois meios de cultura sólidos (CA, composto ágar; e BDA, batata dextrose ágar). No experimento 1, constatou-se durante o processo de compostagem, pasteurização e condicionamento o composto clássico obteve temperatura média e perda de massa 10,56 e 13,29% superiores ao composto sintético, respectivamente. O composto clássico obteve as maiores eficiências biológicas ao final de 25 dias de produção, pelas linhagens ABI-05/03, ABI-06/05 e ABI-04/02 com valores de 83,95, 79,45 e 77,49%, respectivamente. Além da eficiência biológica, houve uma tendencia de maior produtividade, número e massa de fresca de basidiomas quando as linhagens foram cultivadas em composto clássico. No experimento II as maiores velocidades de desenvolvimento micelial das linhagens de A. bisporus foram observadas nos meios de cultura CA. Concluiu-se que não houve ligação entre os resultados observados nos experimentos I e II em relação ao potencial genético das...The production of quality compost for Agaricus bisporus and the research for high productivity strains are some important factors involving high yields. Were carried out two expiriments: 1. at field, the effect of the type of nitrogen supplementation was evaluated, elaborating two types of compost, classic and synthetic, cultivating five strains of A. bisporus ABI-05/03, ABI-04/02, ABI-06/05, ABI-09/10 e ABI-09/11; 2. was evaluated the influence of five A. bisporus strains on the rate of micelial growth in different type of culture media (MC, compost media; BDA, potato-dextrose-agar). In the first experiment, the data showed that during the composting process, pasteurization and conditioning, the averages temperatures and weight loss 10,56 and 13,29% higher in the classic compost than the synthetic compost . The classic compost had the higher biological efficiency in the end of the crop (25 days), for the strains ABI-05/03, ABI-06/05 e ABI-04/02 with values of 83,95, 79,45 e 77,49, respectively. Moreover, there was a tendency for higher yields, number and fresh weight of mushrooms when the strains were cultivated in the classic compost. In the second experiment the highest micelial growth rate by the A. bisporus strains were observed in the compost agar media. It was observed that were no relation between the data in experiments I and II, by the genetic potential of the strainsCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Yield of different white button strains in sugar cane by product-based composts

The production of quality compost for Agaricus bisporus using alternative and local agricultural wastes beyond the search for productive strains are among the main factors related to improve yield. Thus, we evaluated the effect of compost nitrogen supplementation type using two compost formulation based on sugar cane by-products such as straw and bagasse as raw materials: (1) classic compost using chicken manure and (2) synthetic compost using soybean bran, urea and ammonium sulfate, for the cultivation of the five strains of A. bisporus: ABI-05/03, ABI-04/02, ABI-06/05, and ABI-09/10 ABI-09/11. We found that the classic compost obtained average temperature and mass loss of 10.56 and 13.29% higher than the synthetic compost, respectively, during the composting, pasteurization and conditioning process. The classic compost achieved greater yield in the end of 25 days of harvest by the strains ABI-05/03, ABI-06/05 and ABI-04/02 corresponding to 26.78, 25.34 and 24.71%, respectively. We concluded that the classic and synthetic, based on sugar cane straw and bagasse are suitable agricultural waste for A. bisporus cultivation and the classic compost obtained higher composting temperatures in relation to synthetic compost, corroborating higher yields and more defined-pattern cultivation cycle for all strains when grown in classic compost.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Potential application of Ganoderma lucidum in solid state fermentation of primary sludge and wheat straw

This study was conducted to investigate the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes and sugars by the fungus Ganoderma lucidum during solid state fermentation (SSF) using primary sludge (PS) and wheat straw (WS) as substrates at different concentration ratios. For fungal growth on SSF, 20 g of each blended substrate was added to Erlenmeyer flasks, which were autoclaved and maintained at room temperature prior to inoculation, whereas for submerged fermentation (SF), flasks containing 25 mL of potato dextrose broth (PDB) were used as standard to check the differences between both methods of growth, and then all flasks were incubated at 25 degrees C in the dark, during 8 and 16 days. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis from the protein extract obtained from solid state fermentation strongly suggested that G. lucidum could produce lignocellulolytic enzymes to degrade primary sludge and wheat straw. Among the sugars, the production of xylose and mannose was disturbed by adding primary sludge. With the addition of primary sludge, high glucuronic acid content was observed. The results suggest that the combination of primary sludge and wheat straw, at concentration ratios of 1: 1 to 1: 3, respectively, can be used as a raw material in the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes and the bioconversion of other types of biomass by G. lucidum.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Fragmentation of Lignin from Organosolv Black Liquor by White Rot Fungi

The mycelial growth ability of 13 white rot fungi were separately evaluated in kraft, organosolv, and soda black liquor agar-plates. The fungus able to best grow and decolorize black liquor agar-plates was grown in organosolv black liquor to investigate whether it reduced organosolv lignin molar mass. The fungus Bjerkandera adusta showed fair mycelial growth and decolorization ability in 10% black liquor-agar plates. To obtain low-molecular weight (MW) lignin, B. adusta was cultivated in 150-mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing 10% black liquor and maintained in a shaking culture for 15 days. Lignin was recovered from each Erlenmeyer flask by acid precipitation and was analysed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The lowest MW of lignin from black liquor was observed on the 11th and 12th days, at 1461 and 1790 kDa, respectively, with the polydispersity close to 1.0, indicating that the molecules were similar in size. Fourier transform infrared spectra bands showed modification of the lignin structure during 9 days, with new bands appearing after five days of lignin biodegradation

Dynamics of the chemical composition and productivity of composts for the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus strains

Two compost formulations based on oat straw (Avena sativa) and brachiaria (Brachiaria sp.) were tested for the cultivation of three Agaricus bisporus strains (ABI-07/06, ABI-05/03, and PB-1). The experimental design was a 2 x 3 factorial scheme (composts x strains) with 6 treatments and 8 repetitions (boxes containing 12 kg of compost). The chemical characterization of the compost (humidity, organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, pH, raw protein, ethereal extract, fibers, ash, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) before and after the cultivation of A. bisporus and the production (basidiomata mass, productivity, and biological efficiency) were evaluated. Data were submitted to variance analysis, and averages were compared by means of the Tukey's test. According to the results obtained, the chemical and production characteristics showed that the best performances for the cultivation of A. bisporus were presented by the compost based on oat and the strain ABI-07/06

Fragmentation of Lignin from Organosolv Black Liquor by White Rot Fungi

The mycelial growth ability of 13 white rot fungi were separately evaluated in kraft, organosolv, and soda black liquor agar-plates. The fungus able to best grow and decolorize black liquor agar-plates was grown in organosolv black liquor to investigate whether it reduced organosolv lignin molar mass. The fungus Bjerkandera adusta showed fair mycelial growth and decolorization ability in 10% black liquor-agar plates. To obtain low-molecular weight (MW) lignin, B. adusta was cultivated in 150-mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing 10% black liquor and maintained in a shaking culture for 15 days. Lignin was recovered from each Erlenmeyer flask by acid precipitation and was analysed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The lowest MW of lignin from black liquor was observed on the 11th and 12th days, at 1461 and 1790 kDa, respectively, with the polydispersity close to 1.0, indicating that the molecules were similar in size. Fourier transform infrared spectra bands showed modification of the lignin structure during 9 days, with new bands appearing after five days of lignin biodegradation