A New Perspective on the Nonextremal Enhancon Solution

We discuss the nonextremal generalisation of the enhancon mechanism. We find that the nonextremal shell branch solution does not violate the Weak Energy Condition when the nonextremality parameter is small, in contrast to earlier discussions of this subject. We show that this physical shell branch solution fills the mass gap between the extremal enhancon solution and the nonextremal horizon branch solution.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, reference adde

Accessibility of published research to practicing veterinarians

Objectives: This study established the percentage of veterinary research articles that are freely available online, availability differences inside and outside of core veterinary medicine publications, sources and trends in article availability over time, and author archiving policies of veterinary journals. This research is particularly important for unaffiliated practitioners who lack broad subscription access and the librarians who assist them. Methods: Web of Science citation data were collected for articles published from 2000–2014 by authors from twenty-eight accredited US colleges of veterinary medicine. A sample of these articles was searched by title in Google Scholar to determine which were freely available online and their sources. Journals represented in this dataset and a basic list of veterinary serials were cross-referenced with the Sherpa/RoMEO database to determine author archiving policies and the percentage of articles that could potentially be made freely available. Results: Over half (62%) of the sample articles were freely available online, most of which (57%) were available from publishers’ websites. Articles published more recently were more likely to be freely available. More articles were found to be available in 2017 (62%) than in 2015 (57%). Most (62%) of the included journals had policies allowing authors to archive copies of their articles. Conclusions: Many articles are freely available online, but opportunity exists to archive additional articles while complying with existing copyright agreements. Articles in veterinary medicine–specific journals are less likely to be freely available than those in interdisciplinary journals. Requirements for federally funded research have likely influenced article availability and may continue to do so.Publisher allows immediate open acces

Interlibrary service requests for locally and electronically available items: Patterns of use, users, and canceled requests

As the use of the Ohio State University Libraries interlibrary services has increased, there have been more requests to borrow items that are already available to patrons locally, often in electronic format. Patterns relating to why patrons could not find locally available materials were identified in the record of canceled interlibrary requests for calendar year 2007. These requests originated more frequently from certain academic departments, occurred more often for articles than books, and were most common for items published one to six years earlier. These requests were also associated with problematic OpenURL links to publisher or content provider Web pages.Publisher allows immediate open acces

Essential and core books for veterinary medicine

Objective: To define core and essential lists of recent, English-language veterinary medicine books using a data-driven methodology for potential use by a broad audience including libraries building collections supporting veterinary sciences and One Health initiatives. Methods: Book titles were collected from monograph citation databases, veterinary examination reading lists, veterinary college textbook and library reserve lists, and published bibliographies. These lists were combined into a single list with titles ranked by the number of occurrences. Results: The methodology produced a core list of 122 monographs and an essential list of 33 titles. All titles are recent, edition neutral, English language monographs. One title is out of print. Conclusions: The methodology captured qualitative and quantitative input from four distinct populations who use veterinary monographs: veterinary practitioners, educators, researchers, and librarians. Data were collected and compiled to determine core and essential lists that represented all groups. Unfortunately, data are not available for all sub-areas of veterinary medicine, resulting in uneven subject coverage. This methodology can be replicated and adapted for other subject areas.Publisher allows immediate open acces

How Does ICT Expansion Drive “Smart” Urban Growth? A Case Study of Nanjing, China

In the context of accelerated urbanization, socioeconomic development, and population growth, as well as the rapid advancement of information and communication technology (ICT), urban land is rapidly expanding worldwide. Unplanned urban growth has led to the low utilization efficiency of land resources. Also, ecological and agricultural lands are continuously sacrificed for urban construction, which in the long-term may severely impact the health of citizens in cities. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms and driving forces of a city’s urban land use changes, including the influence of ICT development, is therefore crucial to the formation of optimal and feasible urban planning in the new era. Taking Nanjing as a study case, this article attempts to explore the measurable “smart” driving indicators of urban land use change and analyze the tapestry of the relationship between these and urban land use change. Different from the traditional linear regression analysis method of driving force of urban land use change, this study focuses on the interaction relationship and the underlying causal relationship among various “smart” driving factors, so it adopts a fuzzy statistical method, namely the grey relational analysis (GRA). Through the integration of literature research and known effective data, five categories of “smart” indicators have been taken as the primary driving factors: industry and economy, transportation, humanities and science, ICT systems, and environmental management. The results show that these indicators have different impacts on driving urban built-up land growth. Accordingly, optimization possibilities and recommendations for development strategies are proposed to realize a “smarter” development direction in Nanjing. This article confirms the effectiveness of GRA for studies on the driving mechanisms of urban land use change and provides a theoretical basis for the development goals of a smart city

Characterizing Early Development and NREM Sleep in Infants and Toddlers and Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Early childhood is characterized by rapid development and pronounced changes in early brain function and learning. Both are thought to be fostered by non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. NREM sleep is characterized by the presence of slow wave activity (SWA) and sleep spindles (10-16 Hz). Both slow waves and sleep spindles exhibit pronounced developmental trajectories and are related to intelligence and general learning traits in school aged children, adults and may be altered in several neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Yet, these features are poorly understood in typically developing (TD) infants/toddlers and those at-risk for ASD. Moreover, it is unclear how these features are associated with outcomes of early development in TD infants/toddlers and those at-risk for ASD. This study aimed to address the following: (1) identify features of NREM sleep in 12-30-month-olds; (2) identify patterns of NREM sleep that are associated with infant/toddler development; (3) identify NREM features differentiating TD and ASD; and (4) examine NREM patterns associated with development in ASD. Using data from the Early Development and Sleep study, data collected during the home visit (measures administered: ADOS-2, MSEL, and VABS) was correlated with high density electroencephalography (hdEEG) nap recordings. The findings illustrated age related changes in delta (.5-2 Hz), theta (4-7 Hz), sleep spindles (10-16 Hz), and beta (20-25 Hz) oscillations in the 12-30-month age span. These frequencies correlated with domain and composite scores on the MSEL and VABS. NREM findings at both the group and individual level, showed significant differences between infants/toddlers with ASD and TD. These differences were decreased theta (4-7 Hz), decreased spindles (10-16 Hz), and excessive beta (20-25 Hz) in infants/toddlers with ASD. These features were negatively correlated with performance on the MSEL and VABS and highly associated with ASD symptom severity. These findings suggest an important role of NREM sleep and the associated development of cognitive behavioral skillsets during this important developmental period. These findings provide support for the role of NREM sleep as a potential risk marker for ASD. Yet, more research is needed to further understand the application of a risk marker for research and clinical practice

Stirling Numbers of Sunflower Graphs

A Stirling number of the second kind, S(n, k), is the number of ways to take all of the elements from an n element set and put them into k subsets, so that the subsets are non-empty and pairwise disjoint. To get the graphical Stirling number for a graph G, we add the restriction that any two vertices that are adjacent in G cannot be in the same subset. The traditional Stirling numbers are the graphical Stirling number where the graph is empty. We find graphical Stirling numbers for sunflower graphs, which are powers of paths joined at a single vertex. We approach the problem in two different ways, (1) by finding the chromatic polynomial and (2) recursively. Our results include the Stirling number for what we refer to as a complete sunflower graph, as well as a few other cases for sunflower graphs. We then form a general conjecture for the chromatic polynomial of a sunflower graph, which would then provide us with the graphical Stirling number for a sunflower graph using the Principle of Inclusion Exclusion. We also find several recursive formulas for finding graphical Stirling numbers, such as the graphical Stirling number for graph G with vertex v with a complete neighborhood, S(G, k) = S(G − v, k − 1) + (k − deg(v)) · S(G − v, k). We end with a discussion of possible future work

Everything\u27s Bigger in Texas?: Funding, Education, Programs, Policies, & Laws

Panel Chair: Linda Muyso

An assessment of the US endangered species act recovery plans: using physiology to support conservation

Applying physiology to help solve conservation problems has become increasingly prominent. It is unclear, however, if the increased integration into the scientific community has translated into the application of physiological tools in conservation planning. We completed a review of the use of animal physiology in the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Endangered Species Act (ESA) recovery plans released between 2005 and 2016. Over those 11 years, 135 of the 146 recovery plans mentioned physiology, with 56% including it as background information on the natural history of the species and not as part of the recovery process. Fish and bird species had the lowest proportion of recovery plans to include physiology beyond the description of the natural history. When considering multiple sub-disciplines of physiology, immunology and epidemiology were incorporated as part of the recovery process most often. Our review suggests a disconnect between available physiological tools and the potential role of physiology in developing conservation plans. We provide three suggestions to further guide conservation scientists, managers and physiologists to work synergistically to solve conservation problems: (1) the breadth of knowledge within a recovery plan writing team should be increased, for example, through increased training of federal scientists in new physiology methodologies and tools or the inclusion of authors in academia that have a background in physiology; (2) physiologists should make their research more available to conservation scientists and federal agencies by clearly linking their research to conservation and (3) communication should be enhanced between government conservation scientists and physiologists