Conocimiento y uso de los métodos anticonceptivos en la prevención del embarazo en los adolescentes que consultan en las Unidades Comunitarias de Salud Familiar Agua Blanca, Morazán; Jucuapa, Usulután y San Alejo, La Unión. año 2016

La prevención del embarazo en la adolescencia ha sido una preocupación de nuestro sistema nacional de salud que ha realizado numerosos esfuerzos para lograr disminuir el número de adolescentes que están dando a luz a edades muy tempranas, con las consiguientes consecuencias que implica un embarazo en la adolescencia. El objetivo de esta investigación es establecer el conocimiento y uso de métodos anticonceptivos en los adolescentes. Con ello se busca dar respuesta a la razón por la cual se están presentando los embarazos a edades tempranas . Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal. La muestra fue de 356 adolescentes que consultaron en tres de los establecimientos del primer nivel de atención de la región oriental, a los cuales se les aplico un instrumento de manera anónima, con preguntas clasificadas para determinar el nivel de conocimiento desde nada hasta un excelente conocimiento. Resultados señalan que la población adolescente posee en un 75% un conocimiento aceptable de los métodos anticonceptivos, que la escuela fue la principal fuente de información, además se observó que el nivel educativo proporciona una mayor calidad de conocimiento que poseen los adolescentes. Conclusiones: Más del 60% de la población adolescente tiene el conocimiento necesario sobre los métodos anticonceptivos, la edad y el nivel de escolaridad están directamente relacionadas con la calidad y el nivel de conocimiento, siendo la escuela la principal fuente de información en un 47.4%, aunque la población del área rural tiene menor educación, en comparación al área urbana, más del 60% tiene una vida sexual activa, del total de adolescentes solo el 30.1% ha usado métodos de planificación familiar; el método más utilizado es el preservativo masculino en un 86.6%, seguido de los métodos inyectables con un 11.8% entre los adolescentes que han utilizado algún método anticonceptiv

SORA Methodology for Multi-UAS Airframe Inspections in an Airport

Deploying Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in safety- and business-critical operations requires demonstrating compliance with applicable regulations and a comprehensive understanding of the residual risk associated with the UAS operation. To support these activities and enable the safe deployment of UAS into civil airspace, the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) has established a UAS regulatory framework that mandates the execution of safety risk assessment for UAS operations in order to gain authorization to carry out certain types of operations. Driven by this framework, the Joint Authorities for Rulemaking on Unmanned Systems (JARUS) released the Specific Operation Risk Assessment (SORA) methodology that guides the systematic risk assessment for UAS operations. However, existing work on SORA and its applications focuses mainly on single UAS operations, offering limited support for assuring operations conducted with multiple UAS and with autonomous features. Therefore, the work presented in this paper analyzes the application of SORA for a Multi-UAS airframe inspection (AFI) operation, that involves deploying multiple UAS with autonomous features inside an airport. We present the decision-making process of each SORA step and its application to a multiple UAS scenario. The results shows that the procedures and safety features included in the Multi-AFI operation such as workspace segmentation, the independent multi-UAS AFI crew proposed, and the mitigation actions provide confidence that the operation can be conducted safely and can receive a positive evaluation from the competent authorities. We also present our key findings from the application of SORA and discuss how it can be extended to better support multi-UAS operations.Unión Europea 10101725

Effect of the Addition of Alkaline Earth and Lanthanide Metals for the Modification of the Alumina Support in Ni and Ru Catalysts in CO2 Methanation

In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which are reaching alarming levels in the atmosphere, capture, recovery, and transformation of carbon dioxide emitted to methane is considered a potentially profitable process. This transformation, known as methanation, is a catalytic reaction that mainly uses catalysts based on noble metals such as Ru and, although with less efficiency, on transition metals such as Ni. In order to improve the efficiency of these conventional catalysts, the effect of adding alkaline earth metals (Ba, Ca, or Mg at 10 wt%) and lanthanides (La or Ce at 14 wt%) to nickel (13 wt%), ruthenium (1 wt%), or both-based catalysts has been studied at temperatures between 498 and 773 K and 10 bar pressure. The deactivation resistance in presence of H2S was also monitored. The incorporation of La into the catalyst produces interactions between active metal Ni, Ru, or Ru-Ni and the alumina support, as determined by the characterization. This fact results in an improvement in the catalytic activity of the 13Ni/Al2O3 catalyst, which achieves a methane yield of 82% at 680 K for 13Ni/14La-Al2O3, in addition to an increase in H2S deactivation resistance. Furthermore, 89% was achieved for 1Ru-13Ni/14La-Al2O3 at 651 K, but it showed to be more vulnerable to H2S presence

La música navideña y su proyección periodística

Equipo de Investigación de Análisis y Técnica de la Información HUM21

A biased-randomized discrete-event algorithm for the hybrid flow shop problem with time dependencies and priority constraints

Based on a real-world application in the semiconductor industry, this article models and discusses a hybrid flow shop problem with time dependencies and priority constraints. The analyzed problem considers a production where a large number of heterogeneous jobs are processed by a number of machines. The route that each job has to follow depends upon its type, and, in addition, some machines require that a number of jobs are combined in batches before starting their processing. The hybrid flow model is also subject to a global priority rule and a “same setup” rule. The primary goal of this study was to find a solution set (permutation of jobs) that minimizes the production makespan. While simulation models are frequently employed to model these time-dependent flow shop systems, an optimization component is needed in order to generate high-quality solution sets. In this study, a novel algorithm is proposed to deal with the complexity of the underlying system. Our algorithm combines biased-randomization techniques with a discrete-event heuristic, which allows us to model dependencies caused by batching and different paths of jobs efficiently in a near-natural way. As shown in a series of numerical experiments, the proposed simulation-optimization algorithm can find solutions that significantly outperform those provided by employing state-of-the-art simulation software.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Re-pensando la Educación desde la Complejidad

En el marco del Paradigma Emergente de la Complejidad, la educación cobra un nuevo significado. Emerge la necesidad de postular nuevas visiones acerca del fenómeno educativo que trasciendan la concepción disciplinar.  Ir a la búsqueda de una práctica educativa más sensible,  exhaustiva, cuyo eje sea enseñar a investigar, integradora de las ciencias sociales con las humanísticas, fomentadora de un conocimiento autónomo, formadora de ciudadanos provistos de los instrumentos que les permitan interaccionar con el entorno de una manera creativa como constructores de saberes. Reflexionar sobre la educación como camino y como arte, repensar la educación desde y para la Complejidad, se transforman en tareas urgentes para los educadores del Siglo XXI.Dans le cadre du Paradigme Emergent de la Complexité, l’éducation est dotée d’un nouveau sens. Laisser place à de nouvelles visions de l’éducation transcendant la conception disciplinaire devient un impératif. Rechercher une pratique éducative plus sensible, exhaustive, dont l’axe central est enseigner à rechercher, intégrant les sciences sociales et les sciences humaines, incitant au développement de savoirs autonomes, formatrice de citoyens pourvus des instruments leur permettant d’interagir avec leur entourage de manière créative en tant que constructeurs de savoirs. Réfléchir sur l’éducation comme chemin et comme art, repenser l’éducation de et pour la Complexité, se transforment en tâches urgentes pour les éducateurs du 21ème siècle.Within the context of Complexity’s Emerging Paradigm, education acquires a new meaning. Postulating new visions on the educational phenomena that transcends disciplinary conceptions becomes necessary, that is to say, a quest for a more sensitive and exhaustive educational practice, its axis being teaching how to research, integrating social and humanistic sciences, fomenting autonomous knowledge and producing citizens furnished with tools enabling them to interact with their environment in a creative manner as knowledge builders. Thinking on education as a path and as an art, and rethinking education from and for Complexity becomes an urgent task for XXI century educators

Re-pensando la Educación desde la Complejidad

En el marco del Paradigma Emergente de la Complejidad, la educación cobra un nuevo significado. Emerge la necesidad de postular nuevas visiones acerca del fenómeno educativo que trasciendan la concepción disciplinar.  Ir a la búsqueda de una práctica educativa más sensible,  exhaustiva, cuyo eje sea enseñar a investigar, integradora de las ciencias sociales con las humanísticas, fomentadora de un conocimiento autónomo, formadora de ciudadanos provistos de los instrumentos que les permitan interaccionar con el entorno de una manera creativa como constructores de saberes. Reflexionar sobre la educación como camino y como arte, repensar la educación desde y para la Complejidad, se transforman en tareas urgentes para los educadores del Siglo XXI.Dans le cadre du Paradigme Emergent de la Complexité, l’éducation est dotée d’un nouveau sens. Laisser place à de nouvelles visions de l’éducation transcendant la conception disciplinaire devient un impératif. Rechercher une pratique éducative plus sensible, exhaustive, dont l’axe central est enseigner à rechercher, intégrant les sciences sociales et les sciences humaines, incitant au développement de savoirs autonomes, formatrice de citoyens pourvus des instruments leur permettant d’interagir avec leur entourage de manière créative en tant que constructeurs de savoirs. Réfléchir sur l’éducation comme chemin et comme art, repenser l’éducation de et pour la Complexité, se transforment en tâches urgentes pour les éducateurs du 21ème siècle.Within the context of Complexity’s Emerging Paradigm, education acquires a new meaning. Postulating new visions on the educational phenomena that transcends disciplinary conceptions becomes necessary, that is to say, a quest for a more sensitive and exhaustive educational practice, its axis being teaching how to research, integrating social and humanistic sciences, fomenting autonomous knowledge and producing citizens furnished with tools enabling them to interact with their environment in a creative manner as knowledge builders. Thinking on education as a path and as an art, and rethinking education from and for Complexity becomes an urgent task for XXI century educators

Related Factors and Treatment of Postoperative Delirium in Old Adult Patients: An Integrative Review

“Postoperative delirium” is defined as delirium occurring in the hospital up to one week after a procedure or before discharge (whichever occurs first) that meets the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Objectives: To describe the risk factors related to this pathology and identify effective non-pharmacological forms of treatment. An integrative review of the available literature was performed. The search results considered included all quantitative studies published between 2011 and 2019 in both English and Spanish. A total of 117 studies were selected. Advanced age was identified as the principal risk factor for postoperative delirium. Nursing interventions appear to be the key to preventing or reducing the seriousness of delirium after an anaesthetic episode. The aetiology of postoperative delirium remains unknown, and no treatment exists to eliminate this pathology. The role of nursing staff is fundamental in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of the pathology.S

Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Characterization of Resistance Mechanisms of Corynebacterium urealyticum Clinical Isolates

Corynebacterium urealyticum is a non-diphtherial urease-producing clinically relevant corynebacterial, most frequently involved in urinary tract infections. Most of the C. urealyticum clinical isolates are frequently resistant to several antibiotics. We investigated the susceptibility of 40 C. urealyticum isolated in our institution during the period 2005-2017 to eight compounds representative of the main clinically relevant classes of antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the Epsilometer test. Resistance genes were searched by PCR. All strains were susceptible to vancomycin whereas linezolid and rifampicin also showed good activity (MICs90 = 1 and 0.4 mg/L, respectively). Almost all isolates (39/40, 97.5%) were multidrug resistant. The highest resistance rate was observed for ampicillin (100%), followed by erythromycin (95%) and levofloxacin (95%). Ampicillin resistance was associated with the presence of the blaA gene, encoding a class A ?-lactamase. The two rifampicin-resistant strains showed point mutations driving amino acid replacements in conserved residues of RNA polymerase subunit ? (RpoB). Tetracycline resistance was due to an efflux-mediated mechanism. Thirty-nine PFGE patterns were identified among the 40 C. urealyticum, indicating that they were not clonally related, but producing sporadic infections. These findings raise the need of maintaining surveillance strategies among this multidrug resistant pathogen.This research was funded by Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2013-2016 and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI) D16/0016/0007 and RD16/0016/0008), and co-financed by European Development Regional Fund “A way to achieve Europe”, Operative program Intelligent Growth 2014-2020

Electrodeposition of Ni-P/SiC Composite Films with High Hardness

This chapter describes the effect of SiC particle concentrations on the metallic continuous phase of the coating and the effect of heat treatment on the crystalline structure, hardness, and wear resistance of electrodeposited Ni-P-SiC coatings. The deposits were obtained via electrodeposition onto an AISI 1018 steel electrode and then heat treated at various temperatures ranging from 300 °C to 600 °C for 60 min in air. The tribological characteristics studied included hardness, friction coefficient, and wear resistance. The results indicated that the dispersion of SiC particles in the metallic matrix improves coating tribological properties such as hardness and wear resistance while diminishing the friction coefficient. The Ni-P-SiC alloy was originally amorphous and was transformed into a mixture of amorphous and crystalline phases when was thermally treated in the range from 400 °C to 500 °C. This phase transformation was associated with the precipitation of a mixture of Ni3P intermetallic compound and pure Ni crystals. In addition, the results showed that the wear resistance of the Ni-P-SiC coating increased with hardness. The maximum hardness (1453.4 HV) was obtained when the Ni-P-SiC coatings were thermally treated at 500 °C