Open and Low-Cost Virtual and Remote Labs on Control Engineering

This paper presents an open course in the University Network of Interactive Laboratories, which offers several virtual and remote laboratories on automatic control, accessible to anyone. All the details on one of these labs (a two electric coupled drives system that allows performing control practices in a 2 × 2 MIMO system with industrial applications) and the activities that can be performed with it are given. We use a low-cost solution for developing the virtual and remote labs shared in this open course, based on the use of a free authoring tool Easy Java/Javascript Simulations (EJsS) for building the laboratories' user interfaces and a cheap development platform board (BeagleBone Black). The virtual and remote labs are deployed into a free Learning Management System (Moodle) Web environment that facilitates their management and maintenance

Realización electrónica de sistemas caóticos: Parte 2, Analógicos lineales por tramos

In the first part, the electronic realization with analog circuits of some continuous quadratic chaotic systems was shown. In this second part, the electronic realization of some piecewise linear chaotic systems is summarized, by means of circuits with operational amplifiers and diodes. The equivalence of its variables and electronic components with the normalized variables and parameters of chaotic mathematical models is demonstrated. In addition, results of the chaotic behavior of each circuit are illustrated compared to simulations of their established mathematical models. In the next part of this work, the implementation of chaotic systems in digital devices will be shown.En la primera parte, se mostró la realización electrónica con circuitos analógicos de algunos sistemas caóticos continuos cuadráticos. En esta segunda parte, se resume la realización electrónica de algunos sistemas caóticos lineales por tramos, mediante circuitos con amplificadores operacionales y diodos. Se demuestra la equivalencia de sus variables y componentes electrónicos con las variables y parámetros normalizados de los modelos matemáticos caóticos. Además, se ilustran resultados del comportamiento caótico de cada circuito comparado con simulaciones de sus modelos matemáticos establecidos. En la siguiente parte de este trabajo, se mostrará la implementación de sistemas caóticos en dispositivos digitales

Realización electrónica de sistemas caóticos: Parte 1, Analógicos cuadráticos

Some applications of chaotic systems require their implementation through analog or digital electronics. In this first part, the electronic realization of some well-known chaotic systems with quadratic nonlinearities is summarized, by means of circuits with multipliers and operational amplifiers. The equivalence of its variables and electronic components with the normalized variables and parameters of chaotic mathematical models is demonstrated. In addition, the behavior of each circuit is compared to simulations of their mathematical models. In the following parts of this work, the electronic realization of piecewise linear chaotic systems and implementation in digital devices will be shown.Algunas aplicaciones de sistemas caóticos requieren su implementación mediante electrónica analógica o digital. En esta primera parte, se resume la realización electrónica de algunos sistemas caóticos más conocidos con no linealidades cuadráticas, mediante circuitos con multiplicadores y amplificadores operacionales. Se demuestra la equivalencia de sus variables y componentes electrónicos con las variables y parámetros normalizados de los modelos matemáticos caóticos. Además, se compara el comportamiento de cada circuito con simulaciones de sus modelos matemáticos establecidos. En las siguientes partes de este trabajo, se mostrará la realización electrónica de sistemas caóticos lineales por tramos e implementación en dispositivos digitales

Realización electrónica de sistemas caóticos: Parte 2, Analógicos lineales por tramos

En la primera parte, se mostró la realización electrónica con circuitos analógicos de algunos sistemas caóticos continuos cuadráticos. En esta segunda parte, se resume la realización electrónica de algunos sistemas caóticos lineales por tramos, mediante circuitos con amplificadores operacionales y diodos. Se demuestra la equivalencia de sus variables y componentes electrónicos con las variables y parámetros normalizados de los modelos matemáticos caóticos. Además, se ilustran resultados del comportamiento caótico de cada circuito comparado con simulaciones de sus modelos matemáticos establecidos. En la siguiente parte de este trabajo, se mostrará la implementación de sistemas caóticos en dispositivos digitales

Realización electrónica de sistemas caóticos: Parte 3, en sistemas digitales

In the first parts of this work, the electronic realization with analog circuits of some continuous quadratic and piecewise linear chaotic systems was shown, using circuits with operational amplifiers and other components, as well as the equivalence of their electronic variables with the established mathematical models. In this third part, discretization of dynamic systems is applied for the implementation of these chaotic systems in the Arduino open-source platform, thus offering simplicity and versatility for digital applications. Finally, results of its chaotic behavior and numerical equivalence with continuous mathematical models are illustrated.En las primeras partes de este trabajo, se mostró la realización electrónica con circuitos analógicos de algunos sistemas caóticos continuos cuadráticos y lineales por tramos, mediante circuitos con amplificadores operacionales y otros componentes, así como la equivalencia de sus variables electrónicas con los modelos matemáticos establecidos. En esta tercera parte, se aplica discretización de sistemas dinámicos para la implementación de estos sistemas caóticos en la plataforma de código abierto Arduino, ofreciendo así simplicidad y versatilidad para aplicaciones digitales. Finalmente, se ilustran resultados de su comportamiento caótico y equivalencia numérica con los modelos matemáticos continuos

Prevalence and Distribution of High-Risk Genotypes of HPV in Women with Severe Cervical Lesions in Madrid, Spain: Importance of Detecting Genotype 16 and Other High-Risk Genotypes

Background. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) has been demonstrated to be the necessary causal factor for developing cervical cancer. To know the most prevalent HR-HPV in different geographical areas is important to design diagnostic tests and implementation of vaccines. Objectives. The goal of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of HR-HPV in a total of 1001 patients, 198 with normal cytology results, 498 with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and 205 with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) who attended our gynaecology department for opportunistic screening of HPV infection. Study design. Cervical samples were taken in a PreservCyt vial (Cytyc Corporation, Boxborough, MA). Hybrid capture assay was carried out following the manufacturer's instructions (Digene Corp., Gaithersburg, MD). All samples were further studied with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test, Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). Results. Genotype 16 was the most prevalent HR-HPV in the three groups, 17.8% in the patients with normal cytology results, 22.3% in the LSIL group, and 60% in the HSIL group. Genotype 18 had a very low prevalence in all groups. Other HR-HPV genotypes such as genotype 31, genotype 58 and genotype 52 were found in significant numbers in HSIL patients. Discussion. Our data show that genotypes 16, 31, 58, and 52 are the most prevalent HR-HPV in cervical samples with severe intraepithelial lesion in Spain. There may be some geographical variation in prevalence of carcinogenic types, and it must be considered for designing diagnostic tests and vaccine

Prevalence and Distribution of High-Risk Genotypes of HPV in Women with Severe Cervical Lesions in Madrid, Spain: Importance of Detecting Genotype 16 and Other High-Risk Genotypes

Background. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) has been demonstrated to be the necessary causal factor for developing cervical cancer. To know the most prevalent HR-HPV in different geographical areas is important to design diagnostic tests and implementation of vaccines. Objectives. The goal of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of HR-HPV in a total of 1001 patients, 198 with normal cytology results, 498 with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and 205 with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) who attended our gynaecology department for opportunistic screening of HPV infection. Study design. Cervical samples were taken in a PreservCyt vial (Cytyc Corporation, Boxborough, MA). Hybrid capture assay was carried out following the manufacturer's instructions (Digene Corp., Gaithersburg, MD). All samples were further studied with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test, Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). Results. Genotype 16 was the most prevalent HR-HPV in the three groups, 17.8% in the patients with normal cytology results, 22.3% in the LSIL group, and 60% in the HSIL group. Genotype 18 had a very low prevalence in all groups. Other HR-HPV genotypes such as genotype 31, genotype 58 and genotype 52 were found in significant numbers in HSIL patients. Discussion. Our data show that genotypes 16, 31, 58, and 52 are the most prevalent HR-HPV in cervical samples with severe intraepithelial lesion in Spain. There may be some geographical variation in prevalence of carcinogenic types, and it must be considered for designing diagnostic tests and vaccine

Crustal velocity field in Baza and Galera faults: A new estimation from GPS position time series in 2009 - 2018 time span

The Baza and Galera faults are two active geologic structures located in the central area of the Betic Cordillera (Southern Spain). The goal of our research is to constrain the activity of this faults from high quality GPS measurements to obtain precise deformation rates. In 2008 a GPS survey – mode network was installed to monitor this area. In previous works, we presented a velocity field based on the analysis of some GPS campaigns. Here we show the new results computed from nine GPS campaigns in the timespan 2009-2018. The measurements were done in September 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2017 and 2018. The data process and analysis were performed in Precise Point Positioning by using GIPSYX 1.6 software. GIPSY is a GNSS-inferred positioning software developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Then, the new estimation of the crustal velocity field is computed from the IGb14 time series by SARI software. The model applied to the original time series, using weighted least squares, consists of an intercept, a site rate and an offset to account for an antenna change. The error term is composed of white noise and temporally correlated random error. The colored noise is described by a random-walk process. We have assumed a typical magnitude for this process of 1.0 mm/√yr. Finally, we discuss the implications of the new results for the tectonic setting and seismic hazard assessment of this key tectonic area of the Betic Cordillera.This work has been funded by Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 - call made by University of Jaen in 2018, Ref. 1263446, POAIUJA 2021/2022, CEACTEMA, and RNM148 and RNM282 research groups of Junta de Andalucía