Electrochemical incorporation of carbon dioxide into fluorotoluene derivatives under mild conditions

One of the main challenges to combat climate change is to eliminate or reuse Carbon dioxide (CO), the largest contributor to the greenhouse gases that cause global warming. It is also important to synthesize compounds through greener technologies in order to obtain more environmentally friendly solutions. This study describes the electrocarboxylation process of α,α,α-trifluorotoluene using different working electrodes (glassy carbon, silver and copper) and electrolytes (polar aprotic solvent and ionic liquid). Carboxylated compounds were obtained in the same way in both electrolytic medias with more than 80% conversion rates, high yields, good selectivity, and moderate efficiencies using silver and copper as cathodes in organic electrolytes and ionic liquids

Effect of Lewis Acids on the Catalyst Activity for Alkene Metathesis, Z-/E- Selectivity and Stability of Tungsten Oxo Alkylidenes

Altres ajuts: Acord transformatiu CRUE-CSICLewis acids increase the catalytic activity of classical heterogeneous catalysts and molecular d tungsten oxo alkylidenes in a variety of olefin metathesis processes. The formation of labile adducts between the metal complex and the Lewis acid has been observed experimentally and suggested to be involved in the catalyst activity increase. In this contribution, DFT (M06) calculations have been performed to determine the role of Lewis acids on catalyst activity, Z-/E- selectivity and stability by comparing three W(E)(CHR)(2,5-dimethylpyrrolide)(O-2,6-dimesithylphenoxide) (E = oxo, imido or oxo-Lewis acid adduct) alkylidenes. Results show that the formation of the alkylidene-Lewis acid adducts influences the reactivity of tungsten oxo alkylidenes due to both steric and electronic effects. The addition of the Lewis acid on the E group increases its bulkiness and this decreases catalyst Z-selectivity. Moreover, the interaction between the oxo ligand and the Lewis acid decreases the donating ability of the former toward the metal. This is important when the oxo group has either a ligand in trans or in the same plane that is competing for the same metal d orbitals. Therefore, the weakening of oxo donating ability facilitates the cycloaddition and cycloreversion steps and it stabilizes the productive trigonal bipyramid metallacyclobutane isomer. The two factors increase the catalytic activity of the complex. The electron donating tuneability by the coordination of the Lewis acid also applies to catalyst deactivation and particularly the key β-hydride elimination step. In this process, the transition states show a ligand in pseudo trans to the oxo. Therefore, the presence of the Lewis acid decreases the Gibbs energy barrier significantly. Overall, the optimization of the E group donating ability in each step of the reaction makes tungsten oxo alkylidenes more reactive and this applies both for the catalytic activity and catalyst deactivation

Static properties of a warm dense uniform electron gas

Copyright 2021 American Institute of Physics. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in J. Ara, Ll. Coloma, and I. M. Tkachenko , "Static properties of a warm dense uniform electron gas", Physics of Plasmas 28, 112704 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0062259[EN] We show how the static dielectric function and other static characteristics of dense warm charged Fermi liquids can be obtained exclusively from the system static structure factor. The non-perturbative self-consistent method of moments is employed to extend onto quantum fluids, a similar reduction stemming from the fluctuation-dissipation theorem and other exact relations for classical one-component plasmas. The results are compared to and complement the numerical data obtained recently by the path-integral Monte Carlo method. Alternative theoretical approaches are discussed and employed as well.I.M.T. is grateful to M. Bonitz and T. Dornheim for several valuable discussions. The authors appreciate that M. Bonitz and T. Dornheim provided accurate path integral Monte Carlo simulation results. I.M.T. also acknowledges fruitful discussions with Yu. V. Arkhipov and L. Conde and the financial support provided by the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Project No. AP09260349).Ara-Bernad, J.; Coloma, L.; Tkachenko Gorski, IM. (2021). Static properties of a warm dense uniform electron gas. Physics of Plasmas. 28(11):1-17. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0062259117281

Analytical Optimal Design of a Two-Phase Axial-Gap Transverse Flux Motor

Transverse flux motors (TFMs) are being investigated to be used in vehicle traction applications due to their high torque density. In this paper, a two-phase axial-gap transverse flux motor is designed for an electric scooter, proposing a novel analytical design method. First, the dimensioning equations of the motor are obtained based on the vehicle requirements, and the stationary dq model is calculated. Then, the motor is optimized using a multiobjective genetic algorithm, and finally a 3D-FEM verification is made. Both the motor structure and the design method aim to have a low complexity, in order to favor the sizing and manufacturing processes through a low computation time and simple core shapes. This approach has not yet been explored in axial-gap TFMs

Péptidos catiónicos anfipáticos y su aplicación en vectores de transferencia génica

Referencia OEPM: P200001806.-- Fecha de solicitud: 20/07/2000.-- Titulares: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Medplant Genetics, S.L. y Jesús Fominaya Gutiérrez.Péptidos catiónicos anfipáticos y su aplicación en vectores de transferencia génica. Estos péptidos comprenden unos restos de aminoácidos básicos, alifáticos y aromáticos, unos restos de aminoácidos básicos en los dos extremos del péptido y, preferentemente, un resto de un aminoácido aromático en la posición 3 de la secuencia del péptido. Estos péptidos tienen simultáneamente la capacidad de unir un polinucleótido y alterar membranas biológicas y son útiles para construir vectores no virales de transferencia génica, con una capacidad de condensación de material genético mejorada, y/o con una citotoxicidad reducida y/o con una eficiencia de transferencia de material genético mejorada. De aplicación en la transferencia génica con fines experimentales y terapéuticos.Peer reviewe

Actuación de enfermería ante la aparición de complicaciones en niños con leucemia

INTRODUCCIÓN: la leucemia es un tipo de cáncer de la sangre que comienza en la médula ósea. Esta enfermedad lleva consigo un aumento incontrolable de los glóbulos blancos ocasionando problemas como anemia, infecciones o aumento del sangrado. La leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) es muy común en la edad infantil, sobre todo entre los 2 y los 8 años, con una incidencia en España de 4 casos/10 5 en menores de 14 años. Representa casi un tercio del total de los canceres pediátricos en Europa, América y Asia occidental. OBJETIVO Y METODOLOGÍA: el objetivo de este trabajo es actualizar los cuidados que debe llevar a cabo el personal de enfermería ante la prevención y/o aparición de complicaciones en niños con LLA, para lo cual se ha recogido información en el Hospital infantil Miguel Servet de Zaragoza, además de consultar libros, artículos y guías. CONCLUSIÓN: a pesar del avance de la medicina, los efectos secundarios de los tratamientos de quimioterapia siguen existiendo, dificultando el proceso de esta enfermedad. Por ello, el personal de enfermería debe estar en conocimiento de las actuaciones para prevenir o atenuar estos daños y así mejorar y ayudar en la adaptación y recuperación de tan dura enfermedad en la edad infantil

A Comprehensive Analytical Sizing Methodology for Transverse and Radial Flux Machines

Transverse flux machines have the potential to offer high torque density in direct-drive vehicle traction applications. Besides, sizing equations are a wide-spread technique for transverse flux machines design, as their computational cost is much lower than the finite element method. In this paper a novel analytical sizing methodology for transverse and radial flux machines is presented, focusing on the current load and the pole length factor as the main design parameters. The motor specifications are intended for a light-duty electric vehicle application. As transverse flux machines have a single, hoop-shaped coil per phase that embraces the flux of all the pole pairs, their principle of operation and therefore their sizing equations differ from radial flux machines. The proposed analytical method allows to compare transverse and radial flux machines easily through a similarity analysis and a parametric study. Furthermore, the discrepancies between the analytical model and the finite element method are quantified and then included in previous equations. Then the analytical model is optimized with a multiobjective genetic algorithm in the final stage. According to the sizing methodology presented here, transverse flux machines have a superior performance than radial flux machines in terms of torque density and efficiency

La propuesta de reforma del Impuesto sobre Sociedades

El proyecto se basa en la realización de un estudio sobre el sistema fiscal español así como para la reforma propuesta del mismo centrándonos, particularmente, en el Impuesto sobre Sociedades. En primer lugar, se analizará el Impuesto sobre Sociedades, de forma detenida analizando sus principales características. Posteriormente, nos detendremos en las consecuencias de la crisis económica en la recaudación impositiva, así como la situación macroeconómica en la que quedó España tras la misma y las medidas que se han realizado para salir de ella. Continuando, atenderemos a propuesta de reforma del sistema fiscal español, a los problemas del sistema actual y a la posibles soluciones, todo ello basándonos en el Informe de la Comisión de Expertos, deteniéndonos en la lucha contra el fraude y la evasión fiscal. Por último, se realizará un estudio sobre la propuesta de reforma para el Impuesto sobre Sociedades y una breve reseña de los problemas actuales debido al déficit público. Palabras clave: sistema fiscal español, Impuesto sobre Sociedades, fraude fiscal

Laponite Composites:In Situ Films Forming as a Possible Healing Agent

A healing material must have desirable characteristics such as maintaining a physiological environment, protective barrier-forming abilities, exudate absorption, easy handling, and non-toxicity. Laponite is a synthetic clay with properties such as swelling, physical crosslinking, rheological stability, and drug entrapment, making it an interesting alternative for developing new dressings. This study evaluated its performance in lecithin/gelatin composites (LGL) as well as with the addition of maltodextrin/sodium ascorbate mixture (LGL MAS). These materials were applied as nanoparticles, dispersed, and prepared by using the gelatin desolvation method—eventually being turned into films via the solvent-casting method. Both types of composites were also studied as dispersions and films. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and rheological techniques were used to characterize the dispersions, while the films’ mechanical properties and drug release were determined. Laponite in an amount of 8.8 mg developed the optimal composites, reducing the particulate size and avoiding the agglomeration by its physical crosslinker and amphoteric properties. On the films, it enhanced the swelling and provided stability below 50 °C. Moreover, the study of drug release in maltodextrin and sodium ascorbate from LGL MAS was fitted to first-order and Korsmeyer–Peppas models, respectively. The aforementioned systems represent an interesting, innovative, and promising alternative in the field of healing materials.</p