Wildlife-Cattle Interactions in Northern Michigan: Implications for the Transmission of Bovine Tuberculosis

Bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) was discovered in northern Michigan white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in 1994, and has been known to exist in Michigan cattle herds since 1998. Despite efforts to eradicate the disease in cattle, infection and re-infection of farms continues to occur, suggesting transmission among cattle, deer, or other wildlife reservoirs. The goals of this study were to document wildlife activity on farms and evaluate the possible role wildlife play in the ecology of bovine tuberculosis (TB) in Michigan. Visual observations were conducted on farms in a 5-county area of northern Michigan to document direct wildlife-cattle interactions (i.e., \u3c5 m between individuals) and indirect interactions (e.g., wildlife visitations to food stores and areas accessible to cattle). Observations were conducted primarily during evening and early morning hours between January and August, 2002, and on a 24-hour schedule between January and August, 2003. Total observation time accumulated through the duration of the study was 1,780 hours. Results indicated that direct interaction between deer and cattle was a rare event; no direct interactions were observed during the first year, and only one direct interaction was observed during the second year. However, through the duration of the study 21 direct interactions were documented between cattle and turkey, and 11 direct interactions were documented between cattle and mammals other than deer. In total, 273 indirect interactions by deer, 112 indirect interactions by turkeys, and 248 indirect interactions by mammals other than deer were observed during the 2 field seasons combined. These data supported the hypothesis that indirect interactions among wildlife and cattle are a potential mechanism for the transmission of TB in Michigan. If direct interactions were important mechanisms of TB transmission to cattle in northern Michigan, my data suggested that feral cats were the species of most concern, even though there were more observations between turkey and cattle. Unlike cats, which can become infected with and transmit TB, there is no evidence for such pathogenesis in turkey

B-2 and other current flight test control center system architectures

The topics covered include the following: (1) telemetry processing independent of source; (2) generic system/software; (3) time homogeneity; (4) low latency networks; (5) distributed processing; (6) all data available to all workstations; and (7) recall of data in real time

BULK COMMODITY BARGE TRAFFIC ON ST. PAUL DISTRICT WATERWAYS IN 1985: PROJECTIONS AND IMPACTS

This study was undertaken to determine the probable future movements of bulk commodities by barge to and from river ports in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' St. Paul District. The projected movements are analyzed in physical and economic terms useful to the formulation and evaluation of alternative river management plans.Marketing,

Study of Locus of Control and Attitudes and Role Perceptions of Oklahoma School-board Members and Superintendents

Educational Administratio

Integrated Cryogenic Propulsion Test Article and Thermal Vacuum Hotfire Test Results Overview

No abstract availabl

Weight Restriction on Minnesota Roads

This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu

Elite male Flat jockeys display lower bone density and lower resting metabolic rate than their female counterparts: implications for athlete welfare

To test the hypothesis that daily weight-making is more problematic to health in male compared with female jockeys, we compared the bone-density and resting metabolic rate (RMR) in weight-matched male and female Flat-jockeys. RMR (kcal.kg-1 lean mass) was lower in males compared with females as well as lower bone-density Z-scores at the hip and lumbar spine. Data suggest the lifestyle of male jockeys’ compromise health more severely than females, possibly due to making-weight more frequently

Prospectus, February 22, 1977

\u27CONSERVATIVE\u27 BUDGET: BOARD WANTS NO OVER SPENDING; Thanks given all around for a successful tax referendum during early victory meeting; Stu-Go officers to be sworn in; Electronics to be taught to visually handicapped; Mass Transit tax asked; Bob Clampett here March 2; Directory assembled; Letters to the editor: Swap your babes, Help save electricity, Vets, advise instructors; Thanks for help: editor; More contests soon!: Defiers get their rewards; Flash! Global news; Two-hour Celebration Day scheduled tomorrow; Broadcasters Assoc. sponsors program Sat.; A night at the movies also a night of exploration at C-M; Baha\u27i sets \u27Jamal\u27 to sing Wednesday; Mediasceen: Should public TV be declared a disease?; Parkland participation welcome at UI activities; Classifieds; Keeping \u27track\u27: Assistants help LaBadie; \u27Good\u27 stays that way in bowling; Men\u27s Intramural Basketball Schedule; Women qualify for state tourney; Cobras edged by Lake Land; Freshman Kim Burke stars for women\u27s team; National Indoors: Parks qualifies in the 1000; Women\u27s tourney Friday Additional material: Edition I of the Parkland literary magazinehttps://spark.parkland.edu/prospectus_1977/1026/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, February 27, 2014

Second Ricochet Production Revisits the CIE Questions • New Program Mandates Additional Community Involvement on Campus • Reception to Take Place on Final Week of Brian H. Peterson Exhibit • Woodstock to Present her Research in News Consumption Lecture • Reputation of Bomberger\u27s Heefner Pipe Organ Growing • Jewish Studies Lectures Continue • Ursinus Alumnus Takes on the NFL • Opinion: Great Progress, But We\u27re Not There Yet!; Straight Wealthy White Guys Deserve a Say Too • Winter Olympic Games Come to a Close • Wrestling, Women\u27s Swimming Best in Conferencehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1899/thumbnail.jp