Verifiable broadcasting and gossiping in communication networks

AbstractIn network communication where messages may be corrupted in transmission, one way to verify the correctness of a given message is to arrange for nodes in the network to receive the message multiple times. For example, in broadcasting (one-to-all communication) from a given source node u, if a message sent by u is received by all other nodes at least k+1 times, then each node can perform k checks against the original message to verify that it has not been corrupted in transmission. Similar behavior would be useful for gossiping (all-to-all communication) where information held in each node is to be communicated to all other nodes. For an n-node network, we consider the problem of determining the minimum number of network links required to support this k-fold verifiability. We show that the minimum size β(n,k) of an n-vertex k-verifiable broadcast scheme is given by β(n,k)=⌈(k+2)(n−1)/2⌉. We also show that the minimum size γ(n,k) of an n-vertex k-verifiable gossip scheme satisfies ⌈(k+4)(n−1)/2⌉−⌊log2n⌋⩽γ(n,k)⩽⌈(k+4)n/2⌉−4. The value for β(n,k) and lower bound for γ(n,k) yield lower bounds for the size of a k-fault tolerant broadcast and gossip scheme which meet and improve, respectively, the previously known lower bounds for these schemes

Life, Life Support, and Death Principles, Guidelines, Policies and Procedures for Making Decisions That Respect Life

The following is the third edition of a booklet by the American Life League, Inc. The section on Ordinary/Extraordinary Means has been revised. The sections on Quality of Life, Pain, Paired Organ and Non-vital Organ and Tissue Transplant, and Determination of Death have been added. There are other changes throughout the booklet

Synthesis and evaluation of designed PKC modulators for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.

Bryostatin 1 is a marine natural product under investigation for HIV/AIDS eradication, the treatment of neurological disorders, and enhanced CAR T/NK cell immunotherapy. Despite its promising activity, bryostatin 1 is neither evolved nor optimized for the treatment of human disease. Here we report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of several close-in analogs of bryostatin 1. Using a function-oriented synthesis approach, we synthesize a series of bryostatin analogs designed to maintain affinity for bryostatin's target protein kinase C (PKC) while enabling exploration of their divergent biological functions. Our late-stage diversification strategy provides efficient access to a library of bryostatin analogs, which per our design retain affinity for PKC but exhibit variable PKC translocation kinetics. We further demonstrate that select analogs potently increase cell surface expression of CD22, a promising CAR T cell target for the treatment of leukemias, highlighting the clinical potential of bryostatin analogs for enhancing targeted immunotherapies

Drivers of attitudes towards luxury brands: A cross-national investigation into the roles of interpersonal influence and brand consciousness

Purpose - Limited attention has been paid to the cultural influences on the formation of consumer attitudes toward luxury brands (LUX). The current study investigates this relationship by developing a model that additionally employs the constructs of susceptibility to normative interpersonal influence (SNII) and brand consciousness (BCO). Design/methodology/approach - Sample data were gathered through surveys administered to 383 college students in the United Kingdom (UK) and Taiwan. The model of cultural influences on attitudes toward luxury brands was empirically tested using multi-group structural equation modeling to evaluate its applicability across the two countries. Findings - Results are presented in two parts: 1) the exogenous construct part of the model establishing the reliability and validity of the cultural dimension constructs (horizontal individualism, vertical individualism, horizontal collectivism, and vertical collectivism) that are antecedent to consumer SNII and 2) the endogenous part of the model in which consumer SNII affects LUX through the mediating role of BCO. Research limitations/implications - The findings in the current study are limited to a sample of college students in the UK and Taiwan, which, through representing Western and Asian countries, each housing different cultures, do not span the greater number of cultures found across these countries, much less across the world. Furthermore it is assumed that there are a number of subcultures in both the UK and Taiwan that are not accounted for in this study. Practical implications - An individual level of cultural orientation (e.g. horizontalism and verticalism) rather than traditionally adopted regionally-defined or nationally-based (Hofstede, 1980) cultural criteria should be investigated to identify more accurate market demand patterns in order to best target consumers in these markets (Sharma, 2010). In addition, appealing, vertical ad messages would be more effective in stimulating consumer motivations for consumption of luxury brands. Conversely, horizontal ad messages would be effective in demarketing approaches. Originality/value - The current study is the first of its kind to explore the effect of cultural-orientation on the formation of LUX cross-nationally. As such it provides future cross-cultural researchers with valid and reliable culturally-based constructs that can be used to predict consumer SNII in developing LUX. In addition, establishing the mediating role of BCO in the relationship between SNII and LUX helps marketers better understand the equity of their luxury brands, particularly in Asian countries

The Ursinus Weekly, December 12, 1938

Rose marionettes arrive tomorrow • Guest artists praise work of choir in Thursday rendition of the Messiah • Three trips scheduled for men\u27s debate team • Soph hop\u27s Don Pike signed to play return engagement for interfraternity-sorority ball • Baugh to talk Founders\u27 Day • Student party, banquet feature Christmas week • Curtain Club to stage \u27Mr. Pim\u27 at Spring City • Seniors present comedy, ball as final social contributions • The Oklahoma Daily gives Carter tribute • The Skipped diploma • Japan and China films shown on Wednesday as part of local Far East emergency drive • New IRC Quarterly reflects student views on the Netherlands and collective security • Michael addresses seniors • Basketeers priming for opening game of season; squad, except for Bodley, intact from last year • Men\u27s ping pong finals to be played this week • Court team, with seven veterans, greatly improved this year • Brodbeck, Curtis meet in intramural playoffs • Mrs. Hashagen to sponsor new Art Club just organized • Brotherhood to discuss popular Christmas stories • Borrell head of new sorority • Seniors urged to apply now for Varsity Club loanshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/weekly/1856/thumbnail.jp

Detecting Discrimination in Small Business Lending

With limited financial sophistication, entrepreneurial consumers approach the financial marketplace more like retail financial consumers than business customers. However, the assumption of both legislators and regulators is that business-borrowers are more financially savvy than consumer-borrowers, and thus do not require as broad-reaching protections. This gap between marketplace policy protections and the lived reality of the vast majority of small business entrepreneurs sets the stage for entrepreneurial consumers to fall through the regulatory cracks and sets the stage for possible exploitation and abuse. This situation is potentially exacerbated for minority entrepreneurs who belong to protected classes that are generally more vulnerable to exploitation in the marketplace including the small business lending marketplace. In this paper, we highlight the current state of this policy gap in the marketplace relative to minority entrepreneurial consumers and present a matched-paired mystery shopping study that demonstrates the critical need for reliable, primary data to inform regulatory agencies as they work to implement available protections to ensure equal access to credit within the small business lending marketplace