A Note on Cross-Border Mergers and Investment

The theoretical literature suggests that there should be a bi-directional relationship between investment and mergers. This essay uses homogenous and heterogeneous panel Granger causality tests to examine this hypothesis. The paper finds that in high-income countries, cross-border mergers tend to Granger cause investment, while in low- to middle-income countries, investment Granger causes mergers.Mergers, Investment, Causality, Panel Data

Algebras Having Bases Consisting Entirely of Units

We introduce a hierarchy of notions about algebras having a basis B consisting entirely of units. Such a basis is called an invertible basis and algebras that have invertible bases are said to be invertible algebras..

Solid-State NMR Studies of Carbon Capture and Carbon Mineralization Reactions

This dissertation presents research on the chemistry of carbon dioxide capture and mineralization which has been accomplished with a variety of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy techniques. Materials used for carbon capture interact with CO2 through different adsorption mechanisms, physisorption and chemisorption. The physisorption systems studied have shown that adsorbed CO2 undergoes a hopping mechanism within the material. The studies of chemisorption systems indicate a mixture of adsorption products forms during the adsorption interaction. Carbon mineralization reactions have been studied to better understand the reactions that can occur at underground carbon sequestrations sites that are used for storing CO2. Here it has been shown that NaCl affects the chemistry in these reacting systems, which can be seen with NMR. The limitations of the ability of NMR to study carbon mineralization reactions have also been investigated. This research shows that solid-state NMR is a useful tool for studying carbon capture and mineralization as well as describing the interactions of CO2 in these systems

Continuous-wave Cascaded-Harmonic Generation and Multi-Photon Raman Lasing in Lithium Niobate Whispering-Gallery Resonators

We report experimental demonstration of continuous-wave cascaded-harmonic generation and Raman lasing in a millimeter-scale lithium niobate whispering-gallery resonator pumped at a telecommunication-compatible infrared wavelength. Intensity enhancement through multiple recirculations in the whispering-gallery resonator and quasi phase-matching through a nonuniform crystal poling enable simultaneous cascaded-harmonic generation up to the fourth-harmonic accompanied by stimulated Raman, two-photon, three-photon, and four-photon Raman scattering corresponding the molecular vibrational wavenumbers 632 cm-1 and 255 cm-1 in z-cut lithium niobate at pump power levels as low as 200mW. We demonstrate simultaneous cascaded-harmonic generation and Raman lasing by observing the spectrum of the scattered light from the resonator and by capturing the image of the decoupled light from the resonator on a color CCD camera

Kin, Market and State in the Provision of Care in South Africa

The provision of financial assistance and personal care in contemporary South Africa entails a distinctive combination of state, market and kin. The state assists financially the deserving poor, but provides little personal care. Better-off people rely increasingly on the market for both income support and care. The poor rely heavily on kin, especially female, maternal kin. The South African case is unlike any of the standard welfare and care regimes identified by Esping-Andersen or his critics

Perseverance Furthers

In the hype-driven world of college sports, Bruce Fowler \u2781 relies on a quieter philosophy to produce attention-getting results

Exploratory studies to inform full-scale evaluations of complex public health interventions: the need for guidance

No abstract available

The US Congress and United Nations peace-enforcement operations during the first Clinton administration

PhD ThesisThis thesis explores Congress's influence on America's post-cold war involvement in UN peace operations. It examines how while both the Bush and Clinton administrations envisaged greater participation in UN peace-enforcement operations in the early 1990s, due to congressional opposition, this new thinking (referred to throughout as `UNPE') did not develop into a lasting doctrine. The first chapter defines UNPE as a foreign policy approach and contextualises it in US history. Arguing that Congress is not deferential towards the executive branch in foreign policy issues, the second chapter illustrates statistically that the post-1989 Congress was conservative, partisan and assertive in foreign policy and use of force issues. The third chapter considers how lawmakers create collective outcomes. It discusses how the case chapters will examine claims that congressional policy is left to a handful of policy specialists and what factors influence lawmakers' voting decisions. Considering both institutional and individual behaviour, the thesis focuses analysis on the US response to three 1990s crises: Somalia, Haiti and Bosnia. That each case demonstrates that lawmakers are prepared to challenge presidential attempts to use force abroad is used to question the two presidencies interpretation of interbranch foreign policy making. The case chapters also find that most lawmakers were not especially active in dealing with the cases. Rank and file members were typically more active than their party leaders, but House and Senate foreign policy committee members were responsible for the more onerous legislative tasks relating to the cases. The evidence also suggests that representatives typically supported bills introduced by party colleagues and senators with similar ideological viewpoints tended to vote together. In explaining how collective outcomes are reached, the thesis avoids attempting to construct a theoretical perspective that exclusively aligns with a party or committee government theory. It explores what role foreign policy committees and party leaders and whips played in the cases, and concludes that Shepsle and Weingast's recommendation that selecting insights from seemingly incompatible party government and informational perspectives helps build a realistic depiction of the congressional decision making process