1,409 research outputs found
Reply to comment on "Simple one-dimensional model of heat conduction which obeys Fourier's law"
In this reply we answer the comment by A. Dhar (cond-mat/0203077) on our
Letter "Simple one dimensional model of heat conduction which obeys Fourier's
law" (Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5486 (2001), cond-mat/0104453)Comment: 1 pag., 1 fi
Velocity Correlations, Diffusion and Stochasticity in a One-Dimensional System
We consider the motion of a test particle in a one-dimensional system of
equal-mass point particles. The test particle plays the role of a microscopic
"piston" that separates two hard-point gases with different concentrations and
arbitrary initial velocity distributions. In the homogeneous case when the
gases on either side of the piston are in the same macroscopic state, we
compute and analyze the stationary velocity autocorrelation function C(t).
Explicit expressions are obtained for certain typical velocity distributions,
serving to elucidate in particular the asymptotic behavior of C(t). It is shown
that the occurrence of a non-vanishing probability mass at zero velocity is
necessary for the occurrence of a long-time tail in C(t). The conditions under
which this is a tail are determined. Turning to the inhomogeneous
system with different macroscopic states on either side of the piston, we
determine its effective diffusion coefficient from the asymptotic behavior of
the variance of its position, as well as the leading behavior of the other
moments about the mean. Finally, we present an interpretation of the effective
noise arising from the dynamics of the two gases, and thence that of the
stochastic process to which the position of any particle in the system reduces
in the thermodynamic limit.Comment: 22 files, 2 eps figures. Submitted to PR
Etched distributed Bragg reflectors as three-dimensional photonic crystals: photonic bands and density of states
The photonic band dispersion and density of states (DOS) are calculated for
the three-dimensional (3D) hexagonal structure corresponding to a distributed
Bragg reflector patterned with a 2D triangular lattice of circular holes.
Results for the Si/SiO and GaAs/AlGaAs systems determine the optimal
parameters for which a gap in the 2D plane occurs and overlaps the 1D gap of
the multilayer. The DOS is considerably reduced in correspondence with the
overlap of 2D and 1D gaps. Also, the local density of states (i.e., the DOS
weighted with the squared electric field at a given point) has strong
variations depending on the position. Both results imply substantial changes of
spontaneous emission rates and patterns for a local emitter embedded in the
structure and make this system attractive for the fabrication of a 3D photonic
crystal with controlled radiative properties.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures; to appear in Phys. Rev.
The Structure of Barium in the hcp Phase Under High Pressure
Recent experimental results on two hcp phases of barium under high pressure
show interesting variation of the lattice parameters. They are here interpreted
in terms of electronic structure calculation by using the LMTO method and
generalized pseudopotential theory (GPT) with a NFE-TBB approach. In phase II
the dramatic drop in c/a is an instability analogous to that in the group II
metals but with the transfer of s to d electrons playing a crucial role in Ba.
Meanwhile in phase V, the instability decrease a lot due to the core repulsion
at very high pressure. PACS numbers: 62.50+p, 61.66Bi, 71.15.Ap, 71.15Hx,
71.15LaComment: 29 pages, 8 figure
The use of combined heart rate response and accelerometry to assess the level and predictors of physical activity in tuberculosis patients in Tanzania
Low temperature spin diffusion in the one-dimensional quantum nonlinear -model
An effective, low temperature, classical model for spin transport in the
one-dimensional, gapped, quantum non-linear -model is developed.
Its correlators are obtained by a mapping to a model solved earlier by Jepsen.
We obtain universal functions for the ballistic-to-diffusive crossover and the
value of the spin diffusion constant, and these are claimed to be exact at low
temperatures. Implications for experiments on one-dimensional insulators with a
spin gap are noted.Comment: 4 pages including 3 eps-figures, Revte
Boosting the adoption of sustainable land-use systems for climate-change mitigation and peacebuilding
Sustainable land-use systems (SLUS), such as agroforestry with cocoa, implemented with organic fertiliser, with prescribed post-harvest practices and rainwater irrigation, can potentially increase farm productivity, while reducing pressure on natural resources by decreasing deforestation and providing legitimate incomes for rural households. SLUS also contribute to peacebuilding by providing sustainable income sources and enhancing social cohesion. Despite evidence of their potential and global efforts to promote their use, SLUS adoption rates remain low. Building on traditional ex-post generic adoption studies, we identify the enabling factors for farm-level transitions to SLUS in Colombia to propose policy design that will boost SLUS adoption in areas that are conflict affected and exposed to deforestation. We surveyed a sample of 922 cocoa producers in conflict-affected areas prone to deforestation. To reveal SLUS adoption factors, we (i) classified farmers according to number of sustainable methods applied; (ii) estimated an ordered probit econometric model; and (iii) assessed existing policies to promote cocoa production systems in Colombia, comparing their alignment with the adoption factors identified. We find a mismatch between farm-level adoption factors and policies promoting SLUS in Colombia. The principal factors enabling farm-level adoption of sustainable cocoa production system depend on: (i) cocoa plantation age; (ii) technical assistance provided; (iii) farmers’ social networks; and (iv) farmer-to-farmer interaction. National policies to promote sustainable cocoa are mostly oriented towards (i) renewing and rehabilitating established farming areas (directly related to crop age); (ii) expanding cocoa agroforestry systems; and (iii) establishing zero-deforestation cocoa production agreements. Our results indicate that to achieve wide-scale SLUS adoption, policies should focus on: (i) capacity building through technical assistance and strengthening farmers’ associations; (ii) strengthening social network structure to generate cascading information and social interactions between producers, and knowledge sharing; (iii) land-use conversion instead of expansion, for example from pastures to cocoa
Катетерный тромболизис в лечении острого венозного илиофеморального тромбоза в Дании
ТРОМБОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕРАПИЯКАТЕТЕРИЗАЦИЯТРОМБОЗ ВЕНОЗНЫЙ /ЛЕК ТЕРКОНЕЧНОСТЬ НИЖНЯ
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