737 research outputs found
The instantaneous shear modulus in the shoving model
We point out that the instantaneous shear modulus of the shoving model for
the non-Arrhenius temperature dependence of viscous liquids' relaxation time is
the experimentally accessible high-frequency plateau modulus, not the idealized
instantaneous affine shear modulus that cannot be measured. Data for a large
selection of metallic glasses are compared to three different versions of the
shoving model. The original shear-modulus based version shows a slight
correlation to the Poisson ratio, which is eliminated by the energy-landscape
formulation of the model in which the bulk modulus plays a minor role
DeepSAGE—digital transcriptomics with high sensitivity, simple experimental protocol and multiplexing of samples
Digital transcriptomics with pyrophosphatase based ultra-high throughput DNA sequencing of di-tags provides high sensitivity and cost-effective gene expression profiling. Sample preparation and handling are greatly simplified compared to Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE). We compare DeepSAGE and LongSAGE data and demonstrate greater power of detection and multiplexing of samples derived from potato. The transcript analysis revealed a great abundance of up-regulated potato transcripts associated with stress in dormant potatoes compared to harvest. Importantly, many transcripts were detected that cannot be matched to known genes, but is likely to be part of the abiotic stress-response in potato
A repulsive reference potential reproducing the dynamics of a liquid with attractions
A well-known result of liquid state theory is that the structure of dense
fluids is mainly determined by repulsive forces. The WCA potential, which cuts
intermolecular potentials at their minima, is therefore often used as a
reference. However, this reference gives quite wrong results for the viscous
dynamics of the Kob-Andersen binary Lennard-Jones liquid [Berthier and Tarjus,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 170601 (2009)]. We show that repulsive inverse-power law
potentials provide a useful reference for this liquid by reproducing its
structure, dynamics, and isochoric heat capacity
Point defect in solids: Shear dominance of the far-field energy
It is shown that the elastic energy far from a point defect in an isotropic
solid is mainly shear elastic energy. The calculation, which is based on a
standard dipole expansion, shows that no matter how large or small the bulk
modulus is compared to the shear modulus, less than 10% of the distant point
defect energy is associated with volume changes.Comment: Brief not
Fundamental questions relating to ion conduction in disordered solids
A number of basic scientific questions relating to ion conduction in
homogeneously disordered solids are discussed. The questions deal with how to
define the mobile ion density, what can be learned from electrode effects, what
is the ion transport mechanism, the role of dimensionality, and what are the
origins of the mixed-alkali effect, of time-temperature superposition, and of
the nearly-constant loss. Answers are suggested to some of these questions, but
the main purpose of the paper is to draw attention to the fact that this field
of research still presents several fundamental challenges.Comment: Reports on Progress in Physics, to appea
Solidity of viscous liquids. IV. Density fluctuations
This paper is the fourth in a series exploring the physical consequences of
the solidity of highly viscous liquids. It is argued that the two basic
characteristics of a flow event (a jump between two energy minima in
configuration space) are the local density change and the sum of all particle
displacements. Based on this it is proposed that density fluctuations are
described by a time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation with rates in k-space of
the form with where is the average
intermolecular distance. The inequality expresses a long-wavelength dominance
of the dynamics which implies that the Hamiltonian (free energy) may be taken
to be ultra local. As an illustration of the theory the case with the simplest
non-trivial Hamiltonian is solved to second order in the Gaussian
approximation, where it predicts an asymmetric frequency dependence of the
isothermal bulk modulus with Debye behavior at low frequencies and an
decay of the loss at high frequencies. Finally, a general
formalism for the description of viscous liquid dynamics, which supplements the
density dynamics by including stress fields, a potential energy field, and
molecular orientational fields, is proposed
Reducing physical risk factors in construction work through a participatory intervention:Protocol for a mixed-methods process evaluation
BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown that reducing physical workload among workers in the construction industry is complicated. In order to address this issue, we developed a process evaluation in a formative mixed-methods design, drawing on existing knowledge of the potential barriers for implementation. OBJECTIVE: We present the design of a mixed-methods process evaluation of the organizational, social, and subjective practices that play roles in the intervention study, integrating technical measurements to detect excessive physical exertion measured with electromyography and accelerometers, video documentation of working tasks, and a 3-phased workshop program. METHODS: The evaluation is designed in an adapted process evaluation framework, addressing recruitment, reach, fidelity, satisfaction, intervention delivery, intervention received, and context of the intervention companies. Observational studies, interviews, and questionnaires among 80 construction workers organized in 20 work gangs, as well as health and safety staff, contribute to the creation of knowledge about these phenomena. RESULTS: At the time of publication, the process of participant recruitment is underway. CONCLUSIONS: Intervention studies are challenging to conduct and evaluate in the construction industry, often because of narrow time frames and ever-changing contexts. The mixed-methods design presents opportunities for obtaining detailed knowledge of the practices intra-acting with the intervention, while offering the opportunity to customize parts of the intervention
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