17,922 research outputs found
Construction of equilibrium networks with an energy function
We construct equilibrium networks by introducing an energy function depending
on the degree of each node as well as the product of neighboring degrees. With
this topological energy function, networks constitute a canonical ensemble,
which follows the Boltzmann distribution for given temperature. It is observed
that the system undergoes a topological phase transition from a random network
to a star or a fully-connected network as the temperature is lowered. Both
mean-field analysis and numerical simulations reveal strong first-order phase
transitions at temperatures which decrease logarithmically with the system
size. Quantitative discrepancies of the simulation results from the mean-field
prediction are discussed in view of the strong first-order nature.Comment: To appear in J. Phys.
Preferential attachment in the protein network evolution
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein-protein interaction map, as well as many
natural and man-made networks, shares the scale-free topology. The preferential
attachment model was suggested as a generic network evolution model that yields
this universal topology. However, it is not clear that the model assumptions
hold for the protein interaction network. Using a cross genome comparison we
show that (a) the older a protein, the better connected it is, and (b) The
number of interactions a protein gains during its evolution is proportional to
its connectivity. Therefore, preferential attachment governs the protein
network evolution. The evolutionary mechanism leading to such preference and
some implications are discussed.Comment: Minor changes per referees requests; to appear in PR
Purification and detection of entangled coherent states
In [J. C. Howell and J. A. Yeazell, Phys. Rev. A 62, 012102 (2000)], a
proposal is made to generate entangled macroscopically distinguishable states
of two spatially separated traveling optical modes. We model the decoherence
due to light scattering during the propagation along an optical transmission
line and propose a setup allowing an entanglement purification from a number of
preparations which are partially decohered due to transmission. A purification
is achieved even without any manual intervention. We consider a nondemolition
configuration to measure the purity of the state as contrast of interference
fringes in a double-slit setup. Regarding the entangled coherent states as a
state of a bipartite quantum system, a close relationship between purity and
entanglement of formation can be obtained. In this way, the contrast of
interference fringes provides a direct means to measure entanglement.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, using Revtex
Quadrature domains and kernel function zipping
It is proved that quadrature domains are ubiquitous in a very strong sense in
the realm of smoothly bounded multiply connected domains in the plane. In fact,
they are so dense that one might as well assume that any given smooth domain
one is dealing with is a quadrature domain, and this allows access to a host of
strong conditions on the classical kernel functions associated to the domain.
Following this string of ideas leads to the discovery that the Bergman kernel
can be zipped down to a strikingly small data set. It is also proved that the
kernel functions associated to a quadrature domain must be algebraic.Comment: 13 pages, to appear in Arkiv for matemati
Sc2Ga2CuO7: A possible quantum spin liquid near the percolation threshold
Sc2Ga2CuO7 (SGCO) crystallizes in a hexagonal structure (space group: P63/mmc), which can be seen as an alternating
stacking of single and double triangular layers. Combining neutron, x-ray, and resonant x-ray diffraction we establish that
the single triangular layers are mainly populated by non-magnetic Ga3+ ions (85% Ga and 15% Cu), while the bi-layers have comparable population of Cu2+ and Ga3+ ions (43% Cu and 57% Ga). Our susceptibility measurements in the temperature range 1.8 - 400 K give no indication of any spin-freezing or magnetic long-range order (LRO).We infer an effective paramagnetic moment μeff = 1.79±0.09 μB and a Curie-Weiss temperature �CW of about −44 K, suggesting antiferromagnetic interactions between the Cu2+(S = 1/2) ions. Low-temperature neutron powder diffraction data showed no evidence for LRO down to 1.5
K. In our specific heat data as well, no anomalies were found down to 0.35 K, in the field range 0-140 kOe. The magnetic
specific heat, Cm, exhibits a broad maximum at around 2.5 K followed by a nearly power law Cm/ T� behavior at lower
temperatures, with � increasing from 0.3 to 1.9 as a function of field for fields upto 90 kOe and then remaining at 1.9 for fields
upto 140 kOe. Our results point to a disordered ground state in SGCO
Schwinger Boson Formulation and Solution of the Crow-Kimura and Eigen Models of Quasispecies Theory
We express the Crow-Kimura and Eigen models of quasispecies theory in a
functional integral representation. We formulate the spin coherent state
functional integrals using the Schwinger Boson method. In this formulation, we
are able to deduce the long-time behavior of these models for arbitrary
replication and degradation functions.
We discuss the phase transitions that occur in these models as a function of
mutation rate. We derive for these models the leading order corrections to the
infinite genome length limit.Comment: 37 pages; 4 figures; to appear in J. Stat. Phy
Giant Magnetoelectric Effect in a Multiferroic Material with a High Ferroelectric Transition Temperature
We present a unique example of giant magnetoelectric effect in a conventional
multiferroic HoMnO3, where polarization is very large (~56 mC/m2) and the
ferroelectric transition temperature is higher than the magnetic ordering
temperature by an order. We attribute the uniqueness of the giant
magnetoelectric effect to the ferroelectricity induced entirely by the
off-center displacement of rare earth ions with large magnetic moments. This
finding suggests a new avenue to design multiferroics with large polarization
and higher ferroelectric transition temperature as well as large
magnetoelectric effects
Facet Formation in the Negative Quenched Kardar-Parisi-Zhang Equation
The quenched Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (QKPZ) equation with negative non-linear
term shows a first order pinning-depinning (PD) transition as the driving force
is varied. We study the substrate-tilt dependence of the dynamic transition
properties in 1+1 dimensions. At the PD transition, the pinned surfaces form a
facet with a characteristic slope as long as the substrate-tilt is
less than . When , the transition is discontinuous and the critical
value of the driving force is independent of , while the transition
is continuous and increases with when . We explain these
features from a pinning mechanism involving a localized pinning center and the
self-organized facet formation.Comment: 4 pages, source TeX file and 7 PS figures are tarred and compressed
via uufile
Structural Relaxation and Frequency Dependent Specific Heat in a Supercooled Liquid
We have studied the relation between the structural relaxation and the
frequency dependent thermal response or the specific heat, , in a
supercooled liquid.
The Mode Coupling Theory (MCT) results are used to obtain
corresponding to different wavevectors. Due to the two-step
relaxation process present in the MCT, an extra peak, in addition to the low
frequency peak, is predicted in specific heat at high frequency.Comment: 14 pages, 13 Figure
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