105 research outputs found

    Eosinophilic myositis in a slaughtered Korean native cattle

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    Histopathological findings of eosinophilic myositis in the carcass of a slaughtered Korean native cow are presented. Lesions contained massive fibrous septae with vacuolar changes in some lesions, and the hypercontraction and rupturing of muscle bundles, with replacement by eosinophils. Necrosis and severe eosinophil infiltration were observed. Sarcoplasmic fragmentation and atrophy developed. Typical of granuloma, calcified myofibers were focally surrounded by macrophages and numerous inflammatory cells, and multinucleated giant cell formation was evident

    Redak slučaj metastatskog spermatocitnog tumora kod psa bez sarkomatoznih i anaplastičnih promena

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    Spermatocytic tumor is a rare testicular tumor, which is originated from gonocytes. It is characterized by the histological feature of tripartite which is composed of large, medium, and lymphocyte-like small cells. It is well-known that spematocytic tumor is benign, thus a good prognosis is expected after simple resection. Metastatic spermatocytic tumor is extremely rare and usually accompanied by histological variants including sarcomatous changes and anaplastic variants. In this case, however, we report a canine metastatic spermatocytic tumor without prominent sarcomatous changes and anaplastic variants. The mass was composed of three kinds of cells including large, medium, and small cells with high pleomorphism. The neoplastic cells had an indistinct cytoplasmic border and mitotic figures were frequently observed. The primary spermatocytic tumor metastasized to the abdominal organs one month after the resection, and the dog died 13 months after the surgery. Thus, careful follow-up is recommended after surgical resection of canine spermatocytic tumor even though metastasis in spermatocytic tumors is rare.Spermatocitni tumor je redak tumor testisa, koji potiče od gonocita. KarakteriÅ”e ga histoloÅ”ki nalaz tri morfoloÅ”ka tipa ćelija, a sastoji se od velikih, srednjih i limfocitima sličnih malih ć elija. Dobro je poznato da je spermatocitni tumor benignog ponaÅ”anja pa se očekuje dobra prognoza nakon jednostavne resekcije. Metastatski spermatocitni tumor izuzetno je redak i obično je prać en histoloÅ”kim varijacijama, uključujuć i sarkomatozne i anaplastične promene. U ovom slučaju, međutim, opisan je metastatski spermatocitni tumor bez izraženih sarkomatoznih promena i anaplastičnih varijanti. Masa se sastojala od tri vrste ć elija, uključujuć i velike, srednje i male ć elije sa visokim pleomorfi zmom. Neoplastične ć elije su imale nejasnu citoplazmatsku granicu i često su primeć ene mitotičke fi gure. Primarni spermatocitni tumor metastazirao je na trbuÅ”ne organe mesec dana nakon resekcije, a pas je uginuo 13 meseci nakon operacije. Stoga se preporučuje pažljivo prać enje nakon hirurÅ”ke resekcije spermatocitnog tumora mada su metastaze u spermatocitnim tumorima retke

    Two different types of malignant fibrous histiocytomas from pet dogs

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    We describe 2 cases of malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFHs) that spontaneously developed in young pet dogs. To classify these tumors, we applied a panel of antibodies (vimentin, desmin, Ī±-SMA, and ED1) and Azan staining for collagen. The MFHs were most consistent with osteoclast-like giant and inflammatory cell types. The first case had positive staining for ED1 and vimentin, and given the osteoclast-like giant cells, calcification sites accompanying peripheral giant cell infiltrates. The latter case, the inflammatory cell type, exhibited a storiform-pleomorphic variant of neoplastic cells, including an ossifying matrix. MFHs are among the most highly aggressive tumors occurring in soft tissue sarcomas in elderly dogs; however, MFHs have been poorly studied from a diagnostic point of view. Herein, we describe the histologic and immunohistologic features of MFHs in detail, thus classifying the subtypes of these tumors

    Multiple intestinal lymphomatous polyposis in a Jindo dog

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    A male, 5-year-old Jindo dog underwent enterectomy and enteroanastomosis due to ileus of the intestine at a local veterinary hospital. Grossly, the excised intestine showed markedly thickened multinodular masses in the serosal layer of the upper part, and soft-to-firm, cream-colored neoplastic masses that displayed extensive nodular mucosal protuberances into the lumen. The neoplastic masses were filled with large round cells that were ovoid in shape and they had pale and/or hyperchromatic nuclei. The neoplastic cells had mainly infiltrated into the mucosal and submucosal layers, and they had diffusely invaded the muscular and serosal layers. Therefore, the diagnosis of canine multiple intestinal malignant lymphomatous polyposis was made based on the gross and histopathological findings. The origin of these tumor cells was determined to be B-cells since they were positive for anti-CD20

    The Orphan Nuclear Receptor ERRĪ³ Regulates Hepatic CB1 Receptor-Mediated Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Gene Expression

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    BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a stress inducible hepatokine, is synthesized in the liver and plays important roles in glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the mechanism of hepatic cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor-mediated induction of FGF21 gene expression is largely unknown. RESULTS: Activation of the hepatic CB1 receptor by arachidonyl-2'-chloroethylamide (ACEA), a CB1 receptor selective agonist, significantly increased FGF21 gene expression. Overexpression of estrogen-related receptor (ERR) Ī³ increased FGF21 gene expression and secretion both in hepatocytes and mice, whereas knockdown of ERRĪ³ decreased ACEA-mediated FGF21 gene expression and secretion. Moreover, ERRĪ³, but not ERRĪ± and ERRĪ², induced FGF21 gene promoter activity. In addition, deletion and mutation analysis of the FGF21 promoter identified a putative ERRĪ³-binding motif (AGGTGC, a near-consensus response element). A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed direct binding of ERRĪ³ to the FGF21 gene promoter. Finally, GSK5182, an ERRĪ³ inverse agonist, significantly inhibited hepatic CB1 receptor-mediated FGF21 gene expression and secretion. CONCLUSION: Based on our data, we conclude that ERRĪ³ plays a key role in hepatic CB1 receptor-mediated induction of FGF21 gene expression and secretion

    Loss of Autophagy Diminishes Pancreatic Ī² Cell Mass and Function with Resultant Hyperglycemia

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    SummaryAutophagy is a cellular degradation-recycling system for aggregated proteins and damaged organelles. Although dysregulated autophagy is implicated in various diseases including neurodegeneration, its role in pancreatic Ī² cells and glucose homeostasis has not been described. We produced mice with Ī² cell-specific deletion of Atg7 (autophagy-related 7). Atg7 mutant mice showed impaired glucose tolerance and decreased serum insulin level. Ī² cell mass and pancreatic insulin content were reduced because of increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation of Ī² cells. Physiological studies showed reduced basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and impaired glucose-induced cytosolic Ca2+ transients in autophagy-deficient Ī² cells. Morphologic analysis revealed accumulation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates colocalized with p62, which was accompanied by mitochondrial swelling, endoplasmic reticulum distension, and vacuolar changes in Ī² cells. These results suggest that autophagy is necessary to maintain structure, mass and function of pancreatic Ī² cells, and its impairment causes insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia because of abnormal turnover and function of cellular organelles

    Hepatic Cellular Distribution of Silica Nanoparticles by Surface Energy Modification

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    The cellular distribution of silica nanoparticles (NPs) in the liver is not well understood. Targeting specific cells is one of the most important issues in NP-based drug delivery to improve delivery efficacy. In this context, the present study analyzed the relative cellular distribution pattern of silica NPs in the liver, and the effect of surface energy modification on NPs. Hydrophobic NP surface modification enhanced NP delivery to the liver and liver sinusoid fFendothelial cells (LSECs). Conversely, hydrophilic NP surface modification was commensurate with targeting hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) rather than other cell types. There was no notable difference in NP delivery to Kupffer cells or hepatocytes, regardless of hydrophilic or hydrophobic NP surface modification, suggesting that both the targeting of hepatocytes and evasion of phagocytosis by Kupffer cells are not associated with surface energy modification of silica NPs. This study provides useful information to target specific cell types using silica NPs, as well as to understand the relationship between NP surface energy and the NP distribution pattern in the liver, thereby helping to establish strategies for cell targeting using various NPs. Ā© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.1
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