1,462 research outputs found
Guidelines for modelling reactive systems with coloured Petri nets
This paper focus on the modelling of reactive systems, more
particularly, control systems. A set of guidelines is proposed in order
to build models that support analysis, simulation and prototyping. The
guidelines are split in two parts; the analysis of a problem is addressed
first, followed by the design with Coloured Petri Nets (CPNs). A smart
library example is used as case study. The models developed under this
approach turn out to be modular, parameterisable, configurable and
executable.FC
Degradation of archaeological wood under freezing and thawing conditions - effects of permafrost and climate change
Estimating the free gas content in Baltic Sea sediments using compressional wave velocity from marine seismic data
FWN – Publicaties zonder aanstelling Universiteit Leide
Real-time 10Gbps polarization independent quasicoherent receiver for NG-PON2 access networks
© 2018 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes,creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other worksIn this paper, we propose and test experimentally a real-time 10 Gbps polarization independent quasicoherent receiver for NG-PON2 access networks. The proposed 10 Gbps quasicoherent receiver exhibits a sensitivity of -35.2 dBm after 40 km SSMF transmission with a commercial generic EML as transmitter. This sensitivity means a 14.9 dB improvement over a direct detection scheme with a photodiode after 40 km SSMF transmission. Therefore, the use of the proposed 10 Gbps quasicoherent receiver with the tested EML will provide a power budget of 34.76 dB (class E1) and a splitting ratio of 128 after the 40 km SSMF transmission. Finally, the proposed 10 Gbps quasicoherent receiver allows a colorless and optical filterless operation because wavelength selection is done by tuning the local oscillator wavelength and using electrical intermediate frequency filtering.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
The effect of melt-homogenization and heat-treatment on the optical properties of the rare earth doped oxyfluoride glass-ceramics
Homogeneous Modes of Cosmological Instantons
We discuss the O(4) invariant perturbation modes of cosmological instantons.
These modes are spatially homogeneous in Lorentzian spacetime and thus not
relevant to density perturbations. But their properties are important in
establishing the meaning of the Euclidean path integral. If negative modes are
present, the Euclidean path integral is not well defined, but may nevertheless
be useful in an approximate description of the decay of an unstable state. When
gravitational dynamics is included, counting negative modes requires a careful
treatment of the conformal factor problem. We demonstrate that for an
appropriate choice of coordinate on phase space, the second order Euclidean
action is bounded below for normalized perturbations and has a finite number of
negative modes. We prove that there is a negative mode for many gravitational
instantons of the Hawking-Moss or Coleman-De Luccia type, and discuss the
associated spectral flow. We also investigate Hawking-Turok constrained
instantons, which occur in a generic inflationary model. Implementing the
regularization and constraint proposed by Kirklin, Turok and Wiseman, we find
that those instantons leading to substantial inflation do not possess negative
modes. Using an alternate regularization and constraint motivated by reduction
from five dimensions, we find a negative mode is present. These investigations
shed new light on the suitability of Euclidean quantum gravity as a potential
description of our universe.Comment: 16 pages, compressed and RevTex file, including one postscript figure
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Cloud microphysical effects of turbulent mixing and entrainment
Turbulent mixing and entrainment at the boundary of a cloud is studied by
means of direct numerical simulations that couple the Eulerian description of
the turbulent velocity and water vapor fields with a Lagrangian ensemble of
cloud water droplets that can grow and shrink by condensation and evaporation,
respectively. The focus is on detailed analysis of the relaxation process of
the droplet ensemble during the entrainment of subsaturated air, in particular
the dependence on turbulence time scales, droplet number density, initial
droplet radius and particle inertia. We find that the droplet evolution during
the entrainment process is captured best by a phase relaxation time that is
based on the droplet number density with respect to the entire simulation
domain and the initial droplet radius. Even under conditions favoring
homogeneous mixing, the probability density function of supersaturation at
droplet locations exhibits initially strong negative skewness, consistent with
droplets near the cloud boundary being suddenly mixed into clear air, but
rapidly approaches a narrower, symmetric shape. The droplet size distribution,
which is initialized as perfectly monodisperse, broadens and also becomes
somewhat negatively skewed. Particle inertia and gravitational settling lead to
a more rapid initial evaporation, but ultimately only to slight depletion of
both tails of the droplet size distribution. The Reynolds number dependence of
the mixing process remained weak over the parameter range studied, most
probably due to the fact that the inhomogeneous mixing regime could not be
fully accessed when phase relaxation times based on global number density are
considered.Comment: 17 pages, 10 Postscript figures (figures 3,4,6,7,8 and 10 are in
reduced quality), to appear in Theoretical Computational Fluid Dynamic
The Transformation from Translucent into Transparent Rare Earth Ions Doped Oxyfluoride Glass-Ceramics with Enhanced Luminescence
Article reporting a scenario where a translucent Er3+−Yb3+ doped oxyfluoride precursor glass-ceramic (P-GC) becomes transparent with increasing crystal size and crystallinity
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