Correlates of Help-Seeking Intentions among Airmen in the Context of Family Maltreatment Perpetration: Practical Barriers as a Moderating Influence

Efforts are warranted to understand correlates of formal help-seeking among active-duty military members self-reporting family maltreatment perpetration. Drawing from the Integrated Model of Determinants of Behavioral Intentions, we evaluate a hypothesized model in which the intention to seek formal services is associated with a set of plausible social-psychological variables. Practical barriers to help-seeking is assessed as a moderating influence. A representative sample of 5326 Airmen (88% male) from the 2011 Air Force Community Assessment Survey who self-reported recent family maltreatment perpetration is used for structural equation modeling to estimate direct associations between social support and intention to seek services, and indirect associations via career stigma, unit-based stigma, and sense of community. Social support is negatively associated with career stigma and unit-based stigma, and positively associated with sense of community. Career stigma and sense of community are negatively associated with intention to seek services. Significant indirect effects include a positive effect between social support and intention to seek services via a reduction in career stigma, and a negative effect via increases in sense of community. Higher levels of practical barriers magnify most associations. Especially when facing practical barriers, social support can both increase help-seeking intentions by reducing career stigma, and reduce intentions, either directly or indirectly by strengthening a sense of community. Military leaders should address career stigma perceptually and systematically, and engage in public awareness efforts and trainings to position members of informal networks to guide individuals with problematic behavior toward relevant formal services

Associations between Family Maltreatment Perpetration and Latent Profiles of Personal and Family Strengths among Active-Duty Air Force Members

Although individual and family strengths have been found to impact family maltreatment risk, optimal approaches to their assessment are lacking. To substantiate the utility of holistically assessing multiple strengths among active-duty Air Force members (i.e., Airmen) who might be at risk of perpetrating family maltreatment, the current study aimed to identify latent patterns of personal and family strengths among Airmen and assess associations with family maltreatment perpetration. A representative a sample of 30,187 Airmen from the 2011 Air Force Community Assessment Survey was used to identify patterns across latent-factor scores representing unit leader support, informal support, family functioning, individual fitness, and personal resilience. Latent profile analysis was conducted to extract an optimal number of response patterns and estimate associations with family maltreatment perpetration. A five-profile solution was optimal, representing patterns marked by low (10%), below average (26%), mixed (16%), above average (36%), and high (12%) levels of personal and family strengths. Predicted probabilities of family maltreatment among families not identifying as stepfamilies were 39%, 21%, 14%, 10%, and 8% across low, below average, mixed, above average, and high patterns, respectively. Among stepfamilies (20% of sample), predicted probabilities were 49%, 29%, 21%, 15%, and 12%, respectively. Findings encourage a holistic assessment of personal and family strengths among Airmen. The Personal and Family Strengths Inventory, which was developed to gauge these strengths, can position practitioners well to engage Airmen in conversations around strengths and growth opportunities for the purposes of service planning aimed at preventing family maltreatment

Mikromobilitet med og uden motor – Evaluering af adfærd og hjelmbrug: Artikel

Mikromobilitet omhandler korte rejser på små køretøjer med relativ lav hastighed. Mikromobilitet er de seneste fem år blevet mere udbredt især i form af små elektriske køretøjer, men også som små manuelle køretøjer. Formålet med nærværende artikel har været at udforske og evaluere adfærden blandt brugere af motoriserede og ikke motoriserede små køretøjer i form af løbehjul med og uden motor, skateboard med og uden motor, selvbalancerende køretøj og rulleskøjter. Artiklen er tredelt med følgende formål:1. Udvikling i adfærd: At evaluere hvordan brugen af el-løbehjul har udviklet sig i Aarhus fra forsøgsordningernes år 1 (2019) til år 3-4 (2021-2022).2. Hjelmkrav: At evaluere effekten af det i 2022 indførte hjelmkrav for el-løbehjul, el-skateboards og selvbalancerende køretøjer for hjelmbrugen på disse køretøjer.3. Ikke motoriseret mikromobilitet: At undersøge adfærden blandt brugere af rulleskøjter og manuelle skateboards og løbehjul i sammenligning med brugere af motoriserede små køretøjer.Projektet er baseret på registrering i trafikken i Aarhus i 2019-2022, hvor fire rådgivere kontinuerligt har registreret informationer om køretøj, adfærd og brugere, som efterfølgende er analyseret i regneark. Der er registreringer fra alle ugedage, fra kl. 5.00-24.00 og for over 200 forskellige lokaliteter i Aarhus. I 2021 er der fx foretaget registrering i trafikken i over 250 timer. Vi har fx i alt registrering af 5.111 små elektriske køretøjer i Aarhus i 2019-2021, og af 650 ikke motoriserede køretøjer i 2021

Spøgelsescyklisme – Udbredelse, kendetegn og risiko: Artikel

En spøgelsescyklist er en cyklist, som ulovligt cykler mod færdselsretningen, dvs. i den forkerte side af vejen på veje med to eller flere kørespor. I dette projekt er spøgelsescyklister inddelt i grønne, gule og røde spøgelsescyklister, som er cyklister, som cykler hhv. kort (under 50 m), mellemlangt (50-500 m) og langt (over 500 m) mod færdselsretningen. Betegnelsen spøgelsescyklist er inspireret af spøgelsesbilist, som er en bilist, der kører mod færdselsretningen. Spøgelsesbilisme har fået stor opmærksomhed i mange år, mens opmærksomheden mod spøgelsescyklisme har været begrænset. I denne artikel har vi derfor rettet opmærksomheden mod netop spøgelsescyklisme.Formålet med projektet har været at udforske spøgelsescyklistfænomen nærmere, og konkret at undersøge 1) hvor mange de er, 2) hvornår de findes, 3) hvor de findes, 4) hvem de er, 5) hvorfor de findes, 6) hvor farlige de er og 7) hvordan antallet kan reduceres. For at undersøge disse delmål har vi foretaget 1) litteraturstudie af danske og udenlandske studier, erfaringer og tiltag, 2) analyse af 21 stræknings- og krydstællinger af cykeltrafik i København og Aarhus, 3) registrering af kendetegn og adfærd for 750 spøgelsescyklister i Aarhus, 4) videooptagelse og -analyse på fem lokaliteter i Aarhus, 5) stopinterview i trafikken af 50 spøgelsescyklister i Aarhus, og 6) landsdækkende web-spørgeundersøgelse blandt 1010 repræsentativt udvalgte danske trafikanter

License prices for financially constrained firms

It is often alleged that high auction prices inhibit service deployment. We investigate this claim under the extreme case of financially constrained bidders. If demand is just slightly elastic, auctions maximize consumer surplus if consumer surplus is a convex function of quantity (a common assumption), or if consumer surplus is concave and the proportion of expenditure spent on deployment is greater than one over the elasticity of demand. The latter condition appears to be true for most of the large telecom auctions in the US and Europe. Thus, even if high auction prices inhibit service deployment, auctions appear to be optimal from the consumers’ point of view