The extinction curve of the lensing galaxy of B1152+199 at z=0.44

We present UBVRIz' photometry of the gravitational lens candidate CLASS B1152+119 obtained with the Nordic Optical Telescope. The two QSO components are resolved in the B, V, R, I and z' bands confirming the lensing nature of the system. The z=0.44 lens galaxy is clearly detected in B, R, I and z' and its position is found to be almost coincident with the faint QSO image which is heavily extincted (relative to the brighter QSO image) by dust in the lens galaxy. The extinction curve of the lens galaxy derived from the relative photometry is well fitted by a Galactic extinction law with 1.3 < R_V < 2.0 and E(B-V) ~ 1. From a simple model of the system we predict a time delay of ~ 60 days.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic

A spectroscopic sample of massive, evolved z~2 galaxies: Implications for the evolution of the mass-size relation

We present deep, near-infrared HST/WFC3 grism spectroscopy and imaging for a sample of 14 galaxies at z~2 selected from a mass-complete photometric catalog in the COSMOS field. By combining the grism observations with photometry in 30 bands, we derive accurate constraints on their redshifts, stellar masses, ages, dust extinction and formation redshifts. We show that the slope and scatter of the z~2 mass-size relation of quiescent galaxies is consistent with the local relation, and confirm previous findings that the sizes for a given mass are smaller by a factor of two to three. Finally, we show that the observed evolution of the mass-size relation of quiescent galaxies between z=2 and 0 can be explained by quenching of increasingly larger star-forming galaxies, at a rate dictated by the increase in the number density of quiescent galaxies with decreasing redshift. However, we find that the scatter in the mass-size relation should increase in the quenching-driven scenario in contrast to what is seen in the data. This suggests that merging is not needed to explain the evolution of the median mass-size relation of massive galaxies, but may still be required to tighten its scatter, and explain the size growth of individual z=2 galaxies quiescent galaxies.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa

Westerns - Den genskrevne oprindelsesmyte

Westerns - Den genskrevne oprindelsesmyt

The effect of New Neonatal Porcine Diarrhoea Syndrome (NNPDS) on average daily gain and mortality in 4 Danish pig herds

BACKGROUND: The study evaluated the effect of New Neonatal Porcine Diarrhoea Syndrome (NNPDS) on average daily gain (ADG) and mortality and described the clinical manifestations in four herds suffering from the syndrome. NNPDS is a diarrhoeic syndrome affecting piglets within the first week of life, which is not caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) type A/C, Clostridium difficile (C. difficile), rotavirus A, coronavirus, Cystoisospora suis, Strongyloides ransomi, Giardia spp or Cryptosporidium spp. RESULTS: Piglets were estimated to have a negative ADG of 9 and 14 g when diarrhoeic for 1 day and >1 day respectively. However, if only diarrhoeic on the day of birth, no negative effect on ADG was seen. Piglets originating from severely affected litters were estimated to have a reduced ADG of 38 g. The study did not show an overall effect of diarrhoea on mortality, but herd of origin, sow parity, birth weight, and gender were significantly associated with mortality. In one of the herds, approximately 25% of the diarrhoeic piglets vs. 6% of the non-diarrhoeic piglets died, and 74% of necropsied piglets were diagnosed with enteritis. These findings indicate that the high mortality seen in this herd was due to diarrhoea. CONCLUSIONS: NNPDS negatively affected ADG in piglets, and even piglets that were diarrhoeic for one day only experienced a reduction in ADG. However, the study showed that diarrhoea restricted to the day of birth did not affect ADG and suggested this phenomenon to be unrelated to the syndrome. Since the diarrhoeal status of the litter had important effects on ADG, future research on NNPDS probably ought to focus on piglets from severely affected litters. The study showed important dissimilarities in the course of diarrhoea between the herds, and one herd was considerably more affected than the others. Within this herd, NNPDS seemed to be associated with a higher mortality, whereas in general the study did not show lethal effects of NNPDS

Evaluering af trafikledelsessystemer på Køge Bugt Motorvejen

I forbindelse med anlægsarbejderne på Køge Bugt Motorvejens nordlige strækning etablerede Vejdirektoratet en række trafikledelsessystemer. Målet med systemerne var at sikre en god trafikafvikling og trafikantservice i den periode, hvor anlægsarbejderne foregik. Efterfølgende har Vejdirektoratet gennemført en teknisk og trafikal vurdering af systemerne, samt en evaluering af processerne i projektet. Dette paper beskriver de trafikledelsessystemer som blev anvendt under anlægsarbejderne, samt resultaterne af evalueringen

TRIM Rejsetid – Nyt trafikledelsessystem på motorveje

Trafikudviklingen de senere år har bevirket, at trafikproblemerne har bredt sig til en større del af motorvejsnettet, bl.a. til Trekantsområdet og Vestfyn. Derfor er der etableret en ny type trafikinformationssystem på motorvejen over Vestfyn, benævnt TRIM Rejsetid. Systemets overordnede formål er at medvirke til bedst mulig udnyttelse af det eksisterende vejnet samt at give trafikanterne den bedst mulige service i form af aktuel information om rejsetider og forsinkelser. Den første etape af systemet evalueres grundigt mht. brugertilfredshed, trafikale effekter og teknisk pålidelighed m.m.TRIM Rejsetid er sat i drift i maj 2004 og formidler information om trafiktilstande, som kendes fra TRIM i Hovedstadsområdet, men som noget nyt også aktuel information om rejsetider, forsinkelser og hastigheder

In utero exposure to glucocorticoids and risk of anxiety and depression in childhood or adolescence

Glucocorticoid use is prevalent in pregnant women, but whether in utero exposure impacts mental health in the offspring has not been fully explored. The aim of this study was to investigate if in utero exposure to synthetic glucocorticoids increases the risk of anxiety and depression in childhood or adolescence. The study was conducted as a nationwide cohort study, including negative control exposure analyses and a sibling design to optimize control of confounding. The study population comprised 1,275,909 children born in 1996–2015 in Denmark (median follow-up of 13 years). Exposure was divided into systemic and local glucocorticoid exposure, levels of cumulative dose, generic type and according to trimester of exposure. The comparison cohort was children without exposure born to maternal never-users. Negative control exposures included children without glucocorticoid exposure born to: maternal users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or immunotherapy during pregnancy, maternal former users of systemic glucocorticoids, maternal users of systemic glucocorticoids in the postnatal period, and fathers who were prescribed glucocorticoids. The sibling design compared siblings with and without exposure. 9307 (0.7%) children were exposed to systemic glucocorticoids and 116,389 (9.1%) children were exposed to local glucocorticoids. High-dose systemic glucocorticoids (≥500 mg prednisolone equivalents) increased the risk of anxiety compared to the comparison cohort [aIRR 1.79 (95% CI: 1.36–2.37), cumulative risk 16% vs. 7.8% by age 20]. A similar result was found for depression [aIRR 1.45 (95% CI: 0.80–2.63), cumulative risk 3.6% vs. 2.6% by age 20]. The association with anxiety was consistent in the sibling design [aIRR 1.83 (95% CI: 1.03–3.66), exposed siblings (≥ 500 mg) vs. unexposed]. Sex did not modify the associations. Negative control exposure analyses indicated robustness towards confounding from genetics and family environment. No association was found with low doses of systemic exposure or local use. In conclusion, potential adverse mental health effects of in utero exposure to high-dose glucocorticoids merit clinical attention

Prenatal exposure to glucocorticoids and the prevalence of overweight or obesity in childhood

Objective: Prenatal exposure to excess cortisol can affect postnatal metabolic health by epigenetic mechanisms. We aimed to investigate if prenatal exposure to pharmacological glucocorticoids increases the risk of overweight/obesity in childhood. Design: A nationwide population registry-based cohort study. Methods: We identified 383 877 children born in Denmark (2007-2012), who underwent routine anthropometric evaluation at 5-8 years of age. Prenatal exposure to glucocorticoids was divided into systemic and topical glucocorticoids, cumulative systemic dose, and use by trimester. The comparison cohort included children without exposure, born to maternal never-users. Negative control exposures were used to investigate confounding from an underlying disease or unmeasured characteristics. Such exposures included children without glucocorticoid exposure born to maternal users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or immunotherapy during pregnancy, maternal former users of glucocorticoids, or paternal users of glucocorticoids during the pregnancy of their partner. We estimated sex-stratified adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) of overweight/obesity at 5-8 years of age, as epigenetic modifications have shown to be sex-specific. Results: In the study, 21 246 (11%) boys and 27 851 (15%) girls were overweight/obese at 5-8 years of age. Overall, neither systemic nor topical glucocorticoids were associated with overweight/obesity. In boys, high-dose systemic glucocorticoids was associated with higher prevalence of overweight/obesity vs the comparison cohort (aPR: 1.41 (95% CI: 1.07-1.86), prevalence: 16% vs 11%). Negative control exposures indicated robustness to confounding. Conclusion: Overweight/obesity might be an adverse effect of prenatal exposure to high-dose systemic glucocorticoids in boys. We found no association for neither prenatal exposure to lower doses of systemic nor topical glucocorticoids. These results merit clinical attention