1,292 research outputs found
Costs of Reducing Nutrient Losses in Denmark - Analyses of Different Regulation Systems and Cost Effective Measures
The economic calculations carried out prior to the Plan for the Aquatic Environment III included a comparison of regulation systems aimed at reducing nitrogen leaching, analyses of measures for reducing phosphorus losses and estimation of administrative costs. The conclusions were that taxation of the N-surplus introduced at the sector level was the most cost effective regulation when compared with administrative regulation and set a side. For phosphorus a balance between incoming and outgoing phosphorus is very costly as this requires that much slurry is transported from the western to the eastern part of Denmark. The final plan for the Aquatic Environment III from 2004 included a 13% reduction of N-leaching until 2015 based on cost effective administrative measures like wetlands and catch crops. Also a tax on mineral phosphorus in feedstuffs was included in order to half the phosphorus surplus. The measures in the Plan will have to be supplemented by more measures to meet the targets in the EU's Water Framework Directive.cost-effectiveness, cost of reducing nitrogen leaching, phosphorus, administrative costs, Agricultural and Food Policy, Q51, Q52, Q53,
Vidensflow: Hvordan kan forbindelserne mellem forskning og uddannelse i professionshøjskoler begribes?
In 2013, the University Colleges in Denmark was legalized as research-based institutions and the nexus between research and education is therefore rather unexplored in the area of universities of applied science. The demand of being research based educations combined with limited research based knowledge of nexus between research and education call upon development of clear concepts. The study show that the arena of education is mainly positioned as recipient in relation to the arena of research and the article argues for a mutual optic on the nexus. In the research literature there is a lack of systematic conceptualization of the different types of connections between the two areas. The article suggests a three-piece typology: a materialized, an actor and an organizational connection
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Characterizing Thalamo-Cortical Structural Connectivity in Essential Tremor with Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging Tractography
Background: Neuromodulation of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical (CTC) circuit via thalamic stimulation is an effective therapy for essential tremor (ET). In order to develop non-invasive neuromodulation approaches, clinically relevant thalamo-cortical connections must be elucidated.
Methods: Twenty-eight subjects (18 ET patients and 10 controls) underwent MRI diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI). A deterministic fiber-tracking algorithm based on DKI was used, with a seeding region placed at the ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim—located based on intraoperative physiology) to the ending regions at the supplementary motor area (SMA), pre-SMA, or primary motor cortex. One-tailed t-tests were performed to compare groups, and associations with tremor severity were determined by Pearson correlations. All p-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni correction.
Results: There was a decrease in the mean diffusivity (MD) in patients compared to controls in all three tracts: Vim-M1 (ET 0.87, control 0.96, p < 0.01), Vim-SMA (ET 0.86, control 0.96, p < 0.05), and Vim-pre-SMA (ET 0.87, control 0.95, p < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between Tremor Rating Scale score and MK (r = 0.471, p = 0.033) and mean FA (r = 0.438, p = 0.045) for the Vim-SMA tract, and no significant correlation for the Vim-pre-SMA or Vim-M1 tracts was found.
Discussion: Patients with ET demonstrated a reinforcement of Vim-cortical connectivity, with higher Vim-SMA connectivity being associated with greater tremor severity. This finding suggests that the Vim-SMA connection is relevant to the underlying pathophysiology of ET, and inhibition of the SMA may be an effective therapeutic approach
1/z-renormalization of the mean-field behavior of the dipole-coupled singlet-singlet system HoF_3
The two main characteristics of the holmium ions in HoF_3 are that their
local electronic properties are dominated by two singlet states lying well
below the remaining 4f-levels, and that the classical dipole-coupling is an
order of magnitude larger than any other two-ion interactions between the
Ho-moments. This combination makes the system particularly suitable for testing
refinements of the mean-field theory. There are four Ho-ions per unit cell and
the hyperfine coupled electronic and nuclear moments on the Ho-ions order in a
ferrimagnetic structure at T_C=0.53 K. The corrections to the mean-field
behavior of holmium triflouride, both in the paramagnetic and ferrimagnetic
phase, have been calculated to first order in the high-density 1/z-expansion.
The effective medium theory, which includes the effects of the single-site
fluctuations, leads to a substantially improved description of the magnetic
properties of HoF_3, in comparison with that based on the mean-field
approximation.Comment: 26pp, plain-TeX, JJ
Data assimilation in integrated hydrological modeling using ensemble Kalman filtering:evaluating the effect of ensemble size and localization on filter performance
Groundwater head and stream discharge is assimilated using the ensemble
transform Kalman filter in an integrated hydrological model with the aim of
studying the relationship between the filter performance and the ensemble
size. In an attempt to reduce the required number of ensemble members, an
adaptive localization method is used. The performance of the adaptive
localization method is compared to the more common distance-based
localization. The relationship between filter performance in terms of
hydraulic head and discharge error and the number of ensemble members is
investigated for varying numbers and spatial distributions of groundwater
head observations and with or without discharge assimilation and parameter
estimation. The study shows that (1) more ensemble members are needed when
fewer groundwater head observations are assimilated, and (2) assimilating
discharge observations and estimating parameters requires a much larger
ensemble size than just assimilating groundwater head observations. However,
the required ensemble size can be greatly reduced with the use of adaptive
localization, which by far outperforms distance-based localization. The
study is conducted using synthetic data only
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