Caracterización de la desnutrición en niños de 0 a 5 años en los municipios de teruel, marsella, pereira, bordo y ginebra

La nutrición es considerada uno de los principales factores que inciden en una buena salud y que garantizan una buena calidad de vida. Es uno de los principales componentes en el crecimiento y desarrollo del niño. Vale la pena destacar que la desnutrición infantil no solo es un desbalance alimenticio; sino un indicador de una baja condición o calidad de vida; pues al no contar con la disponibilidad adecuada en forma y cantidad de alimentos se pon en riesgo la seguridad alimentaria del menor. La OMS define la malnutrición como la carencia grave de alimentos que posibilita la aparición de enfermedades. La desnutrición infantil sigue siendo uno de los principales problemas de la salud pública a nivel mundial y ha sido reconocido como un factor de riesgo importante de mortalidad infantil. Sin embargo, los esfuerzos gubernamentales aún siguen siendo mínimos para erradicar dicha problemática en regiones con alto índice de mortalidad por desnutrición. Es importante tener en cuenta que las causas de la desnutrición infantil, muchas dependen de los malos hábitos alimentarios y de la pobreza, que empeora la situación, contribuyendo a prácticas erradas de alimentación infantil. Debido a esto, los niños sufren pérdida de peso y quedan expuestos a un desequilibrio entre el aporte de nutrientes y energía, necesarios para su crecimiento y desarrollo, y a patologías infecciosas. El presente trabajo contiene un análisis de las causas que generan la aparición de la enfermedad, su historia natural, las consecuencias y las estrategias a implementar para mejorar las problemática estudiada.Nutrition is considered one of the main factors affecting good health and ensuring a good quality of life. It is one of the main components in the growth and development of children. It is worth noting that child malnutrition is not only a nutritional imbalance, but an indicator of a low status or quality of life, for by not having adequate availability in the form and amount of food is put at risk the child's food security. WHO defines malnutrition as a severe lack of food that enables the development of diseases. Child malnutrition remains a major public health problem worldwide and has been recognized as an important risk factor for infant mortality. However, government efforts are still minimal to eradicate this problem in regions with high mortality rate due to malnutrition. It is important to note that the causes of child malnutrition, many rely on poor eating habits and poverty, worsening the situation, contributing to infant feeding practices wrong. Because of this, children are losing weight and are exposed to an imbalance between the supply of nutrients and energy needed for growth and development, and infectious diseases. This paper contains an analysis of the causes of the appearance of the disease, its natural history, consequences and strategies to implement to improve the problems studied

Postharvest Quality of Wood Vinegar–Treated Eggplants under Various Storage Conditions

Wood vinegar (pyroligneous acid or pyrolysis oil) is a liquid produced by means of natural carbonization from available plant refuse. It has been reported to have numerous potential benefits both to agriculture and human health and to enhance harvest and postharvest quality of various fruits and vegetables. In this study, evaluation of the effects of wood vinegar and storage conditions to enhance the postharvest quality of ‘Morena’ eggplant was evaluated. A 2 × 3 factorial experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications and each replication having 30 fruit samples. The highly perishable eggplant was treated with wood vinegar (10%) from citrus tree refuse as postharvest dip, while tap water served as control, for 2 minutes before storage at ambient (25–28 °C), refrigerated (7–10 °C), or evaporative cooling box-type (18–21 °C) condition with a relative humidity of 66%, 76%, and 96%, respectively. Samples were stored for a week. Results revealed that eggplants treated with 10% wood vinegar did not differ in terms of percent weight loss, shelf life (days), total soluble solids (°Brix), and titratable acidity (% malic acid) relative to the control. For storage conditions, ambient condition displayed the highest total soluble solids and percent weight loss. Titratable acidity and shelf life were not significantly affected among storage treatments, which ranged from 0.17% to 0.21% and 4.5 to 7.1 days, respectively. Chilling injury was evident on the eggplants in evaporative cooling condition. The preliminary results could serve as basis for further intervention studies to enhance the quality of eggplant

Effects of Packaging Systems on Eggplant Quality during Transport

Eggplants (Solanum melongena) are extremely predisposed to injury during haulage, which considerably diminishes fruit value. The study aimed to develop packaging systems to maintain the market quality of ‘Morena’ eggplant during transport along the market continuum. A 6 × 2 factorial in completely randomized design was laid out using freshly harvested eggplant. Fruits with uniform maturity and size and were damage free were procured from Brgy. Butigan, Baybay, Leyte. Fruits were packed using six types of containers, namely, rattan basket, plastic crate, polyethylene plastic bag, and styrofoam cooler in which both rattan basket and plastic crates were with and without banana leaves as liners. Fruits were arranged together following the conventional practice of product loading by the traders. After transport, fruits from the different containers were stored in ambient (25–30 °C) or refrigerated (8– 10 °C) conditions at a postharvest technology laboratory wherein storage behavior was monitored and evaluated. The results revealed that chemical quality attributes were not significantly affected by the kind of packing materials used. Quantitative physico-chemical attributes were affected by the type of storage condition. Storing the fruits at refrigerated condition prolonged the shelf life up to 8–10 days. The results provide valuable information for establishing a better transport scheme that could be utilized in both domestic and export markets

Fruit Quality of Grafted Bitter Melon with Different Sponge Gourd Rootstocks Stored Under Evaporative Cooling Conditions

Evaporative cooling helps maintain quality of produce over a longer period of time. This condition slows metabolic processes and inhibits undesirable changes in quality due to biotic and abiotic factors. The study determined the fruit quality of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) grafted with sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica L.) held at evaporative cooling condition (25–27 °C) with a relative humidity ranging from 85% to 96%. Bitter melon var. Galaxy was grafted to different sponge gourd rootstocks before establishment and regular maintenance in the field. Hybrid sponge gourd var. Mutya, open-pollinated variety (var. Esmeralda), and Bureau of Plant Industry bacterial wilt–resistant sponge gourd (BPI BW-resistant var.) were utilized as rootstocks. Nongrafted bitter melon served as the control. Commercially mature fruit samples were then harvested and brought to the laboratory for quality assessment and monitoring. A completely randomized design was used and treatments were replicated thrice. Results revealed that nongrafted bitter melon samples had higher weight loss and lower visual quality rating compared to the grafted sample fruits. Disease incidence and color change were also higher for the nongrafted bitter melon compared to the grafted bitter melon sample fruits suggesting reduced bacterial wilt activity resulting to better quality after storage. Bitter melon grafted into hybrid sponge gourd rootstock (var. Mutya) revealed the longest shelf life of 6 days. The shelf lives of OPV var. Esmeralda (5.57 days) and BPI BW-resistant var. (5.43 days) were comparable with hybrid sponge gourd var. Mutya. However, hybrid sponge gourd var. Mutya had significantly longer shelf life compared to the nongrafted bitter melon (4.33 days). The results could greatly contribute to addressing food security issues, which are often encountered during production

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamento de Nariño, Municipios de Pasto, Ipiales y Funes.

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamento de Nariño, Municipios de Pasto, Ipiales y Funes.El conflicto armado en Colombia ha hecho visibles muchos territorios y personas que eran desconocidos. En este trabajo se comprende y se analiza el caso de Ana Ligia una mujer del corregimiento de Aquitania, desplazada en dos oportunidades a causa de la violencia y los conflictos entre la guerrilla, paramilitares y ejército. En su relato nos muestra las subjetividades inmersas en su vivencia, el deseo de lucha pese a la angustia y miedo que vivieron todas las personas a las cuales se les vulneraron sus derechos. Ella es un ejemplo que pese a su situación trabajó con los desplazados escuchándolos, brindándoles apoyo psicosocial y continúa como modelo de coraje y no victimización, porque realizó estudios técnicos, hace poesía para liberar su dolor y espera una oportunidad laboral. La Violencia en Colombia a través de los años, ha dejado mucho para contar y seguimos en nuestros territorios percibiendo el miedo, los diferentes hechos como Desplazamiento Forzoso, masacres, asesinato a líderes, familias desorientadas, niños y niñas huérfanos, padres o madres abandonadas porque sus hijos salieron en busca de un mejor futuro, veredas o pueblos que han sido imágenes vivas de lo que en el pasado se llamó “Guerra o Violencia”. Lo que se busca con los aportes psicosociales como estrategia de superación de los actos de violencia es llegar a la comunidad, escuchar los relatos de los cuales han sido víctimas y encaminar una ruta de Atención para mitigar el dolor y hacer un pacto, hacer la violencia a un lado y construir paz, es lo que como base principal de sociedad debemos de tener. El grupo propone una serie de preguntas organizadas en circulares reflexivas y estratégicas para el caso de Ana Ligia. Otra historia que se analiza es la de las comunidades afro de Cacarica, territorios ricos en recursos naturales e hídricos, el valor que le dan a la tierra es el fundamento donde se construye su vida y su identidad; pero sumidas en la pobreza por causa de las disputas por los territorios, lo cual genera los enfrentamientos y se producen desplazamientos, amenazas, desapariciones y masacres.The armed conflict in Colombia has made visible many Territories and people who were unknown. In this work it is understandable and discusses the case of Ana Ligia, a woman of the Aquitania region, displaced twice because of violence and conflict between guerrillas, paramilitaries and the army. His story shows us subjectivities immersed in its experience, the desire to fight despite the anguish and fear that all persons which were violated their rights. She is an example that despite their situation worked with displaced persons listening to them, providing psychosocial support and continues as a model of courage and no victimization, because technical studies, makes poetry to release their pain and expected a job opportunity. Violence in Colombia over the years, has left much to tell and we continue in our territories perceiving fear, the different facts such as forced displacement, massacres, murder to leaders and children orphaned, confused families, fathers or mothers abandoned because their children went out in search of a better future, hamlets or villages that have been vivid images of what in the past was called "War and violence". What is sought with the psycho-social contributions as strategy for overcoming violence, reach the community, listen to the stories which have been the victims and direct a route of attention to alleviate pain and make a Pact, make the violence aside and to build peace, is what must have as a main basis of society. The Group proposes a series of questions organized into strategic and reflective circulars for the case of Ana Ligia. Another story that is analyzed is afro communities of Cacarica, territories rich in natural and water resources, the value given to the land is the Foundation is built where his life and his identity; but mired in poverty because of disputes for the territories, which generated clashes and produced displacement, threats, disappearances and massacres

Associations of common breast cancer susceptibility alleles with risk of breast cancer subtypes in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Evidence that breast cancer risk at the 2q35 locus is mediated through IGFBP5 regulation.

GWAS have identified a breast cancer susceptibility locus on 2q35. Here we report the fine mapping of this locus using data from 101,943 subjects from 50 case-control studies. We genotype 276 SNPs using the 'iCOGS' genotyping array and impute genotypes for a further 1,284 using 1000 Genomes Project data. All but two, strongly correlated SNPs (rs4442975 G/T and rs6721996 G/A) are excluded as candidate causal variants at odds against >100:1. The best functional candidate, rs4442975, is associated with oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) disease with an odds ratio (OR) in Europeans of 0.85 (95% confidence interval=0.84-0.87; P=1.7 × 10(-43)) per t-allele. This SNP flanks a transcriptional enhancer that physically interacts with the promoter of IGFBP5 (encoding insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5) and displays allele-specific gene expression, FOXA1 binding and chromatin looping. Evidence suggests that the g-allele confers increased breast cancer susceptibility through relative downregulation of IGFBP5, a gene with known roles in breast cell biology

The FANCM:p.Arg658* truncating variant is associated with risk of triple-negative breast cancer.

Breast cancer is a common disease partially caused by genetic risk factors. Germline pathogenic variants in DNA repair genes BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, and CHEK2 are associated with breast cancer risk. FANCM, which encodes for a DNA translocase, has been proposed as a breast cancer predisposition gene, with greater effects for the ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. We tested the three recurrent protein-truncating variants FANCM:p.Arg658*, p.Gln1701*, and p.Arg1931* for association with breast cancer risk in 67,112 cases, 53,766 controls, and 26,662 carriers of pathogenic variants of BRCA1 or BRCA2. These three variants were also studied functionally by measuring survival and chromosome fragility in FANCM -/- patient-derived immortalized fibroblasts treated with diepoxybutane or olaparib. We observed that FANCM:p.Arg658* was associated with increased risk of ER-negative disease and TNBC (OR = 2.44, P = 0.034 and OR = 3.79; P = 0.009, respectively). In a country-restricted analysis, we confirmed the associations detected for FANCM:p.Arg658* and found that also FANCM:p.Arg1931* was associated with ER-negative breast cancer risk (OR = 1.96; P = 0.006). The functional results indicated that all three variants were deleterious affecting cell survival and chromosome stability with FANCM:p.Arg658* causing more severe phenotypes. In conclusion, we confirmed that the two rare FANCM deleterious variants p.Arg658* and p.Arg1931* are risk factors for ER-negative and TNBC subtypes. Overall our data suggest that the effect of truncating variants on breast cancer risk may depend on their position in the gene. Cell sensitivity to olaparib exposure, identifies a possible therapeutic option to treat FANCM-associated tumors

A network analysis to identify mediators of germline-driven differences in breast cancer prognosis.

Identifying the underlying genetic drivers of the heritability of breast cancer prognosis remains elusive. We adapt a network-based approach to handle underpowered complex datasets to provide new insights into the potential function of germline variants in breast cancer prognosis. This network-based analysis studies ~7.3 million variants in 84,457 breast cancer patients in relation to breast cancer survival and confirms the results on 12,381 independent patients. Aggregating the prognostic effects of genetic variants across multiple genes, we identify four gene modules associated with survival in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative and one in ER-positive disease. The modules show biological enrichment for cancer-related processes such as G-alpha signaling, circadian clock, angiogenesis, and Rho-GTPases in apoptosis

BRCA2 polymorphic stop codon K3326X and the risk of breast, prostate, and ovarian cancers

Background: The K3326X variant in BRCA2 (BRCA2*c.9976A>T; p.Lys3326*; rs11571833) has been found to be associated with small increased risks of breast cancer. However, it is not clear to what extent linkage disequilibrium with fully pathogenic mutations might account for this association. There is scant information about the effect of K3326X in other hormone-related cancers. Methods: Using weighted logistic regression, we analyzed data from the large iCOGS study including 76 637 cancer case patients and 83 796 control patients to estimate odds ratios (ORw) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for K3326X variant carriers in relation to breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer risks, with weights defined as probability of not having a pathogenic BRCA2 variant. Using Cox proportional hazards modeling, we also examined the associations of K3326X with breast and ovarian cancer risks among 7183 BRCA1 variant carriers. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: The K3326X variant was associated with breast (ORw = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.17 to 1.40, P = 5.9x10- 6) and invasive ovarian cancer (ORw = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.43, P = 3.8x10-3). These associations were stronger for serous ovarian cancer and for estrogen receptor–negative breast cancer (ORw = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.2 to 1.70, P = 3.4x10-5 and ORw = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.28 to 1.76, P = 4.1x10-5, respectively). For BRCA1 mutation carriers, there was a statistically significant inverse association of the K3326X variant with risk of ovarian cancer (HR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.84, P = .013) but no association with breast cancer. No association with prostate cancer was observed. Conclusions: Our study provides evidence that the K3326X variant is associated with risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers independent of other pathogenic variants in BRCA2. Further studies are needed to determine the biological mechanism of action responsible for these associations