Stress biology:Complexity and multifariousness in health and disease

Preserving and regulating cellular homeostasis in the light of changing environmental conditions or developmental processes is of pivotal importance for single cellular and multicellular organisms alike. To counteract an imbalance in cellular homeostasis transcriptional programs evolved, called the heat shock response, unfolded protein response, and integrated stress response, that act cell-autonomously in most cells but in multicellular organisms are subjected to cell-nonautonomous regulation. These transcriptional programs downregulate the expression of most genes but increase the expression of heat shock genes, including genes encoding molecular chaperones and proteases, proteins involved in the repair of stress-induced damage to macromolecules and cellular structures. Sixty-one years after the discovery of the heat shock response by Ferruccio Ritossa, many aspects of stress biology are still enigmatic. Recent progress in the understanding of stress responses and molecular chaperones was reported at the 12th International Symposium on Heat Shock Proteins in Biology, Medicine and the Environment in the Old Town Alexandria, VA, USA from 28th to 31st of October 2023.</p

The Role of Education in Entrepreneurship: Two Canadian Stories

The role that education and training plays in entrepreneurial success is one that is subject to lively debates in the literature. In the first half of this paper, we explore the essence of this debate, with a particular focus on women entrepreneurs in Canada. In the second half of the paper, we tell the stories of these two Canadian entrepreneurs who have started technology-based businesses and were participants in a unique Canadian non-profit educational enterprise, Shad Valley Centre for Creative Technology. The stories of these two successful entrepreneurs - Thelma Zee, who started a freelance web design business while she was still in high school, and Jennifer Corriero, who started a now world-renowned non-profit organization for youth - aim to shed light on the role they see for education in entrepreneurship. Our cases suggest that personal characteristics are important — persistence, self-confidence, initiative, creative thinking, and as Thelma said, a certain kind of intelligence that isn't really about being "book-smart," although it often includes that too. Our research also asked the question, "Is learning important?"Traditional formal education plays a relatively small role in these two cases and the others that we have gathered through our study. Based on our research, we would argue this reflects the relatively low importance of formal education as specific preparation for entrepreneurship for women. In our stories, the informal learning that young people receive from family and friends was important. Furthermore, participation in the Shad Valley program - its intensity, level of challenge, and focus on experiential and applied learning — played a key role in inspiring these women to take on the entrepreneurial initiatives

Corporate social responsibility in tourism and hospitality

The past decade has seen significant growth in the tourism and hospitality literature on corporate social responsibility (CSR). Indeed, over 70% of the articles on this topic have been published in the past five years. Through the application of a stakeholder lens, this paper explores how CSR has developed within the extant literature, paying particular attention to current gaps and highlighting the contributions of the research in this special issue. This emerging research on CSR in the context of tourism and hospitality is pushing past the boundaries of early approaches to corporate sustainability by providing empirical evidence to support the importance of integrating a range of stakeholder perspectives and needs throughout the planning, implementation, and evaluation of CSR initiatives. We observe that while there is ample research on certain stakeholder groups such as management, employees, shareholders, and consumers, there is less emphasis on the role of communities and ecosystems as stakeholders and very little related to suppliers, NGOs, and government. Although tourism and hospitality firms may not be subject to the same pressures as other industries, there remain important opportunities to both document and engage these external stakeholders in the journey towards sustainability

Corporate social responsibility for sustainable tourism

xii, 270 p. ; 26 cm

Corporate social responsibility in tourism and hospitality

The past decade has seen significant growth in the tourism and hospitality literature on corporate social responsibility (CSR). Indeed, over 70% of the articles on this topic have been published in the past five years. Through the application of a stakeholder lens, this paper explores how CSR has developed within the extant literature, paying particular attention to current gaps and highlighting the contributions of the research in this special issue. This emerging research on CSR in the context of tourism and hospitality is pushing past the boundaries of early approaches to corporate sustainability by providing empirical evidence to support the importance of integrating a range of stakeholder perspectives and needs throughout the planning, implementation, and evaluation of CSR initiatives. We observe that while there is ample research on certain stakeholder groups such as management, employees, shareholders, and consumers, there is less emphasis on the role of communities and ecosystems as stakeholders and very little related to suppliers, NGOs, and government. Although tourism and hospitality firms may not be subject to the same pressures as other industries, there remain important opportunities to both document and engage these external stakeholders in the journey towards sustainability

Motivations for corporate social and environmental responsibility: A case study of Scandinavian Airlines

The term corporate social and environmental responsibility (CSER) is gaining popularity with some studies attempting to escape narrow definitions of corporate responsibility. This paper aims to develop a model that illustrates how various external, sector-specific and internal influences for CSER are interpreted, and then shaped into action at the level of the firm. Using an in-depth case study approach, this model is then applied to one firm -- Scandinavian Airlines (SAS). Developing an understanding of the figurative black box of SAS's motivations contributes to unlocking the reasons why corporations are choosing (or not) to commit to CSER. If these reasons are known, they can be used to develop appropriate mechanisms to ensure that CSER is an important aspect of a company's decision-making regime. Findings of the case study provide further evidence that motivations cannot be looked at in isolation of sectoral and cultural contexts. Secondly, it was seen how catalysts -- the lens through which a firm sees and interprets motivations -- can have an important impact in its level of commitment to CSER.Corporate social and environmental responsibility Motivations Airline industry Sweden Culture Scandinavian Airlines