Evaluation of objective video quality assessment methods on video sequences with different spatial and temporal activity encoded at different spatial resolutions

With the development of Video on Demand applications due to the availability of high-speed internet access, adaptive streaming algorithms have been developing and improving. The focus is on improving user’s Quality of Experience (QoE) and taking it into account as one of the parameters for the adaptation algorithm. Users often experience changing network conditions, so the goal is to ensure stable video playback with satisfying QoE level. Although subjective Video Quality Assessment (VQA) methods provide more accurate results regarding user’s QoE, objective VQA methods cost less and are less time-consuming. In this article, nine different objective VQA methods are compared on a large set of video sequences with various spatial and temporal activities. VQA methods used in this analysis are: Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), MultiScale Structural Similarity Index (MS-SSIM), Video Quality Metric (VQM), Mean Sum of Differences (DELTA), Mean Sum of Absolute Differences (MSAD), Mean Squared Error (MSE), Netflix Video Multimethod Assessment Fusion (Netflix VMAF) and Visual Signal-to-Noise Ratio (VSNR). The video sequences used for testing purposes were encoded according to H.264/AVC with twelve different target coding bitrates, at three different spatial resolutions (resulting in a total of 190 sequences). In addition to objective quality assessment, subjective quality assessment was performed for these sequences. All results acquired by objective VQA methods have been compared with subjective Mean Opinion Score (MOS) results using Pearson Linear Correlation Coefficient (PLCC). Measurement results obtained on a large set of video sequences with different spatial resolutions show that VQA methods like SSIM and VQM correlate better with MOS results compared to PSNR, SSIM, VSNR, DELTA, MSE, VMAF and MSAD. However, the PLCC results for SSIM and VQM are too low (0.7799 and 0.7734, respectively), for the usage of these methods in streaming services instead of subjective testing. These results suggest that more efficient VQA methods should be developed to be used in streaming testing procedures as well as to support the video segmentation process. Furthermore, when comparing results obtained for different spatial resolutions, it can be concluded that the quality of video sequences encoded at lower spatial resolutions in cases of lower target coding bitrate is higher compared to the quality of video sequences encoded at higher spatial resolutions at the same target coding bitrate, particularly when video sequences with higher spatial and temporal information are used

Urban regeneration : Smederevo riverfront through the application of information communication technologies

Smederevo has great potential for development - cultural, historical, industrial and natural heritage. In this sense, as a generator for the maximal utilization of all potentials, information and communication technologies (ICT) have been applied in certain places - "points" in the urban structure of the city. On the points. ICT equipment can be used to view the elements of virtual and augmented reality - wildlife and history of the Danube, the Smederevo Fortress in the Middle Ages. Smederevo in the future with new elements of infrastructure and robotics (cyberpunk). etc. The application of ICT has also been achieved in urban design - elevated footpaths for a new view of the city and fortress with digital equipment redevelopment of railway wagons and new materialization of thermochromic pigment paving stones and furniture that changes color under the influence of many WIFl users or their moods. At the end, ICT tools are a base for the comprehensive urban regeneration of the central part of Smederevo Riverfront

Smart Belgrade: Tradition vs. Innovation - New network of drinking fountains: Thirst App [Poster Session]

The Thirst App should offer medical (reminder and control of daily drinking water), cultural and historical aspects (city-level tourist routes, as well as information on historical sites). The routes are named according to the parts of the city it passes. The analysis shows that the drinking fountains are missing in the new part as well as in the central parts of Belgrade. Therefore, a new network of drinking fountains has been made to form a part of a mobile urban furniture in public space - with a large number of users of this application, a drinking fountain emerges from the color-changing tile that supplies new users with filtered water of rainwater or snow

konzumiranje Cigareta među studentima univerziteta Crne gore: prevalenCija i pušačke navike

Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cigarette consumption and the differences in smoking habits among university students aged 18-26 years from different faculties in Montenegro. Method. This cross-sectional study was conducted in University of Montenegro in Podgorica and the data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results. The study enrolled 146 students of both genders (63 males and 83 females) with an average age of 21.63 ± 2.16 years. It was shown that overall prevalence of cigarette consumption was 52.05% among all participants i.e. 21.62% among the students of Faculty of Medicine (p < 0.001). Among the students who practiced smoking, 46.57% of them stated that it was in the period of high school. We did not estimate a significant difference in the daily smoking frequency (number of cigarettes per day) (p = 0.443). Also, study participants did not have a specific time during the day for cigarette consumption (67.20%). The largest number of students (40.70%) light the first cigarette more than half an hour after waking up. University students believed that cigarette smoking could help overcome stressful situations, and that it improved concentration and memory. Smoking status was found to be higher among the students of older age (p < 0.001) and advancing year of faculty (p = 0.002). The analysis showed no significant gender difference in smoking habits. Conclusion. Our investigation confirmed a high prevalence of cigarette consumption among university students in Montenegro, and therefore we recommend that appropriate programs for smoking prevention and cessation be developed.Publishe

METHOD FOR SELECTING OPTIMUM QUALITY LEVELS IN THE PROCEDURE OF CODING AND SEGMENTATION OF VIDEO SIGNALS FOR ADJUSTABLE VIDEO STREAMING

MPEG standard za promjenjivo prilagodljivo strujanje putem HTTP-a (MPEG DASH) definira format videosegmenata i manifest datoteke. Razvijena je kako bi se osigurala interoperabilnost između različitih aplikacija za videostrujanje koje se koriste za prijenos videosignala od poslužitelja prema korisničkoj aplikaciji, istovremeno osiguravajući najvišu moguću kvalitetu videosignala u različitim mrežnim uvjetima. Uzimajući u obzir da su dostupna istraživanja uglavnom usredotočena na poboljšanje algoritama za prilagodljivo videostrujanje i da predložene metode za pripremu prezentacija videosignala na poslužiteljskoj strani ne uzimaju u obzir prostornu i vremensku aktivnost videosadržaja, koriste veliku računalnu snage za probno kodiranje ili su zaštićene autorskim pravima, u ovoj je disertaciji predložena nova metoda za odabir optimalnih parametara za skupove reprezentacija u postupku kodiranja i segmentacije. Prvi dio istraživanja predstavljen u ovom doktorskom radu usredotočen je na odabir parametara za kodiranje i segmentaciju videosignala metodom koja uzima u obzir prostornu i vremensku aktivnost videosadržaja i ne zahtijeva probno kodiranje svakog videosignala. Predstavljena je metodologiju korištena za razvoj metode te matematički zapisi koji omogućavaju optimalan izbor prijenosnih brzina i odgovarajućih prostornih rezolucija za reprezentacije segmentiranog videosignala na poslužiteljskoj strani. U usporedbi sa segmentacijom dostupnom u relevantnoj literaturi, segmentacija videosignala zasnovana na predloženim metodom ostvaruje veće vrijednosti indeksa strukturne sličnosti SSIM u 92% slučajeva. Tijekom razvoja i ispitivanja predloženih metoda, uočeno je da postoji nedostatak videosignala kodiranih i segmentiranih prema MPEG DASH normi te je u drugom dijelu istraživanja predložena baza od šest videosignala segmentiranih prema predloženoj metodi za odabir broja i parametara reprezentacija. Uz segmente u trajanju od 2, 6 i 10 sekundi, predložena baza videosignala uključuje izvorne videosignale, inicijalizacijske segmente i MPD datoteke u pet različitih profila. Simulacijski okvir koji se može koristiti za usporedbu različitih algoritama za prilagodljivo videostrujanje pomoću QoE parametara i za istraživanje utjecaja parametara segmentacije na ostvarenu kvalitetu videozapisa, razvijen je s obzirom da nema dostupnih rješenja koja se mogu koristiti bez pristupa Internet mreži i bez potrebe za segmentacijom videosignala pri svakoj promjeni parametara kodiranja. Predloženi okvir također uključuje modul za umjetno generiranje mrežnih ispitnih zapisa primjenom Nakagami raspodjele vjerojatnosti. 167 Usporedbom parametara koji utječu na kvalitetu prenesenog videosignala dobivenih primjenom umjetno generirane i izmjerene mrežne ispitne zapise, pokazalo se da se Nakagami raspodjela vjerojatnosti može koristiti za umjetno generiranje mrežnih ispitnih zapisa koji odgovaraju širokom rasponu izmjerenih mrežnih ispitnih zapisa za 3G i 4G mreže. Posljednji dio istraživanja proveden je korištenjem predloženog okvira za ispitivanje utjecaja razlike u MOS vrijednostima korištenim za određivanje optimalnog broja reprezentacija na parametre QoE. Predložena segmentacija postiže veće SSIM vrijednosti bez obzira na mrežne uvjete i ima manji broj i dubinu prebacivanja razina kvalitete. Predloženi okvir također je korišten kako bi se potvrdila pretpostavka da bi razlika u MOS vrijednostima koja se koristi za određivanje optimalnog broja reprezentacija trebala biti veća ako se koriste videosignali s višim prostornim i vremenskim informacijama. Iz rezultata simulacije može se zaključiti da bi za segmentiranje videosignala s višim vrijednostima SI i TI razlika MOS vrijednosti trebala biti tri (za MOS skalu od 0-100), a kada se koriste videosignali s nižim vrijednostima SI i TI, razlika MOS vrijednosti koja se koristi za određivanje optimalnog broja reprezentacija trebala bi biti jedan ili dva kako bi se osigurao kompromis između broja i dubine prebacivanja razina kvalitete, broja i trajanja zastoja u reprodukciji videosignala i SSIM vrijednosti.A standard called MPEG Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (MPEG DASH) defines the format of video segments and the manifest file. It was developed to ensure interoperability between various video streaming application used for transferring video sequences from a server to the client while ensuring the highest possible video quality in the varying network conditions. Considering that the available research mostly focuses on improving the adaptive streaming algorithms and that the proposed methods for selecting the optimal parameters for the representation sets do not consider the spatial and temporal activity of video sequences, use a high amount of computational power for precoding, or are proprietary, there is room for improvement. The first part of the research presented in this doctoral dissertation is focused on the selection of parameters for coding and segmentation of video signals using a method that takes into account the spatial and temporal activity of video content and does not require trial coding of each video signal. Considering that some of the proposed solutions lack the information needed for the reproduction of results, this doctoral dissertation includes the methodology used for developing the methods and the notation for all methods presented in this doctoral dissertation. Compared to the segmentation available in the relevant literature, the segmentation of video signals based on the proposed methods obtains better Structural Similarity Index Measure values in 92% of cases. During the development of the proposed methods and its testing, it was noticed that there is a lack of video signals encoded and segmented according to MPEG DASH standard, in the second part of the research a database of six video signals segmented according to the proposed methods for selecting the number and parameters of representations was presented. In addition to the segments with a duration of 2, 6, and 10 seconds, the proposed database includes source video signals, initialization segments, and MPD files in five different profiles. The simulation framework that can be used for comparing different adaptation algorithms based on QoE parameters and for investigating the influence of segmentation parameters on the resulting video quality, was developed considering there weren’t any available solutions that could be used offline without the need for segmentation of video signals for every change in coding parameters. The proposed framework also includes the module for generating synthetic network traces by using Nakagami distribution. 169 By comparing the parameters that affect the quality of the uploaded video using synthetic and measured network traces, it was shown that the Nakagami distribution can be used for generating synthetic network traces that correspond to a wide range of measured network traces. The last part of the research was conducted using the proposed framework for examining the impact of the difference in MOS values used to determine the optimal number of representations on the QoE parameters. The proposed segmentation achieves higher SSIM values regardless of the network conditions and has a smaller number and depth of quality level switching. The proposed framework was also used to confirm the premise that the difference in MOS values used to determine the optimal number of representations should be higher if video signals with higher spatial and temporal information are used. From simulation results, it can be concluded that for segmenting video signals with higher values of SI and TI, the difference of MOS value should be three, and when video signals with lower values SI and TI are used, the difference of MOS value used to determine the optimal number of representations should be one or two to ensure a compromise between the number and depth of switching quality levels, the number, and duration of video playback delays and SSIM values

METHOD FOR SELECTING OPTIMUM QUALITY LEVELS IN THE PROCEDURE OF CODING AND SEGMENTATION OF VIDEO SIGNALS FOR ADJUSTABLE VIDEO STREAMING

MPEG standard za promjenjivo prilagodljivo strujanje putem HTTP-a (MPEG DASH) definira format videosegmenata i manifest datoteke. Razvijena je kako bi se osigurala interoperabilnost između različitih aplikacija za videostrujanje koje se koriste za prijenos videosignala od poslužitelja prema korisničkoj aplikaciji, istovremeno osiguravajući najvišu moguću kvalitetu videosignala u različitim mrežnim uvjetima. Uzimajući u obzir da su dostupna istraživanja uglavnom usredotočena na poboljšanje algoritama za prilagodljivo videostrujanje i da predložene metode za pripremu prezentacija videosignala na poslužiteljskoj strani ne uzimaju u obzir prostornu i vremensku aktivnost videosadržaja, koriste veliku računalnu snage za probno kodiranje ili su zaštićene autorskim pravima, u ovoj je disertaciji predložena nova metoda za odabir optimalnih parametara za skupove reprezentacija u postupku kodiranja i segmentacije. Prvi dio istraživanja predstavljen u ovom doktorskom radu usredotočen je na odabir parametara za kodiranje i segmentaciju videosignala metodom koja uzima u obzir prostornu i vremensku aktivnost videosadržaja i ne zahtijeva probno kodiranje svakog videosignala. Predstavljena je metodologiju korištena za razvoj metode te matematički zapisi koji omogućavaju optimalan izbor prijenosnih brzina i odgovarajućih prostornih rezolucija za reprezentacije segmentiranog videosignala na poslužiteljskoj strani. U usporedbi sa segmentacijom dostupnom u relevantnoj literaturi, segmentacija videosignala zasnovana na predloženim metodom ostvaruje veće vrijednosti indeksa strukturne sličnosti SSIM u 92% slučajeva. Tijekom razvoja i ispitivanja predloženih metoda, uočeno je da postoji nedostatak videosignala kodiranih i segmentiranih prema MPEG DASH normi te je u drugom dijelu istraživanja predložena baza od šest videosignala segmentiranih prema predloženoj metodi za odabir broja i parametara reprezentacija. Uz segmente u trajanju od 2, 6 i 10 sekundi, predložena baza videosignala uključuje izvorne videosignale, inicijalizacijske segmente i MPD datoteke u pet različitih profila. Simulacijski okvir koji se može koristiti za usporedbu različitih algoritama za prilagodljivo videostrujanje pomoću QoE parametara i za istraživanje utjecaja parametara segmentacije na ostvarenu kvalitetu videozapisa, razvijen je s obzirom da nema dostupnih rješenja koja se mogu koristiti bez pristupa Internet mreži i bez potrebe za segmentacijom videosignala pri svakoj promjeni parametara kodiranja. Predloženi okvir također uključuje modul za umjetno generiranje mrežnih ispitnih zapisa primjenom Nakagami raspodjele vjerojatnosti. 167 Usporedbom parametara koji utječu na kvalitetu prenesenog videosignala dobivenih primjenom umjetno generirane i izmjerene mrežne ispitne zapise, pokazalo se da se Nakagami raspodjela vjerojatnosti može koristiti za umjetno generiranje mrežnih ispitnih zapisa koji odgovaraju širokom rasponu izmjerenih mrežnih ispitnih zapisa za 3G i 4G mreže. Posljednji dio istraživanja proveden je korištenjem predloženog okvira za ispitivanje utjecaja razlike u MOS vrijednostima korištenim za određivanje optimalnog broja reprezentacija na parametre QoE. Predložena segmentacija postiže veće SSIM vrijednosti bez obzira na mrežne uvjete i ima manji broj i dubinu prebacivanja razina kvalitete. Predloženi okvir također je korišten kako bi se potvrdila pretpostavka da bi razlika u MOS vrijednostima koja se koristi za određivanje optimalnog broja reprezentacija trebala biti veća ako se koriste videosignali s višim prostornim i vremenskim informacijama. Iz rezultata simulacije može se zaključiti da bi za segmentiranje videosignala s višim vrijednostima SI i TI razlika MOS vrijednosti trebala biti tri (za MOS skalu od 0-100), a kada se koriste videosignali s nižim vrijednostima SI i TI, razlika MOS vrijednosti koja se koristi za određivanje optimalnog broja reprezentacija trebala bi biti jedan ili dva kako bi se osigurao kompromis između broja i dubine prebacivanja razina kvalitete, broja i trajanja zastoja u reprodukciji videosignala i SSIM vrijednosti.A standard called MPEG Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (MPEG DASH) defines the format of video segments and the manifest file. It was developed to ensure interoperability between various video streaming application used for transferring video sequences from a server to the client while ensuring the highest possible video quality in the varying network conditions. Considering that the available research mostly focuses on improving the adaptive streaming algorithms and that the proposed methods for selecting the optimal parameters for the representation sets do not consider the spatial and temporal activity of video sequences, use a high amount of computational power for precoding, or are proprietary, there is room for improvement. The first part of the research presented in this doctoral dissertation is focused on the selection of parameters for coding and segmentation of video signals using a method that takes into account the spatial and temporal activity of video content and does not require trial coding of each video signal. Considering that some of the proposed solutions lack the information needed for the reproduction of results, this doctoral dissertation includes the methodology used for developing the methods and the notation for all methods presented in this doctoral dissertation. Compared to the segmentation available in the relevant literature, the segmentation of video signals based on the proposed methods obtains better Structural Similarity Index Measure values in 92% of cases. During the development of the proposed methods and its testing, it was noticed that there is a lack of video signals encoded and segmented according to MPEG DASH standard, in the second part of the research a database of six video signals segmented according to the proposed methods for selecting the number and parameters of representations was presented. In addition to the segments with a duration of 2, 6, and 10 seconds, the proposed database includes source video signals, initialization segments, and MPD files in five different profiles. The simulation framework that can be used for comparing different adaptation algorithms based on QoE parameters and for investigating the influence of segmentation parameters on the resulting video quality, was developed considering there weren’t any available solutions that could be used offline without the need for segmentation of video signals for every change in coding parameters. The proposed framework also includes the module for generating synthetic network traces by using Nakagami distribution. 169 By comparing the parameters that affect the quality of the uploaded video using synthetic and measured network traces, it was shown that the Nakagami distribution can be used for generating synthetic network traces that correspond to a wide range of measured network traces. The last part of the research was conducted using the proposed framework for examining the impact of the difference in MOS values used to determine the optimal number of representations on the QoE parameters. The proposed segmentation achieves higher SSIM values regardless of the network conditions and has a smaller number and depth of quality level switching. The proposed framework was also used to confirm the premise that the difference in MOS values used to determine the optimal number of representations should be higher if video signals with higher spatial and temporal information are used. From simulation results, it can be concluded that for segmenting video signals with higher values of SI and TI, the difference of MOS value should be three, and when video signals with lower values SI and TI are used, the difference of MOS value used to determine the optimal number of representations should be one or two to ensure a compromise between the number and depth of switching quality levels, the number, and duration of video playback delays and SSIM values

METHOD FOR SELECTING OPTIMUM QUALITY LEVELS IN THE PROCEDURE OF CODING AND SEGMENTATION OF VIDEO SIGNALS FOR ADJUSTABLE VIDEO STREAMING

MPEG standard za promjenjivo prilagodljivo strujanje putem HTTP-a (MPEG DASH) definira format videosegmenata i manifest datoteke. Razvijena je kako bi se osigurala interoperabilnost između različitih aplikacija za videostrujanje koje se koriste za prijenos videosignala od poslužitelja prema korisničkoj aplikaciji, istovremeno osiguravajući najvišu moguću kvalitetu videosignala u različitim mrežnim uvjetima. Uzimajući u obzir da su dostupna istraživanja uglavnom usredotočena na poboljšanje algoritama za prilagodljivo videostrujanje i da predložene metode za pripremu prezentacija videosignala na poslužiteljskoj strani ne uzimaju u obzir prostornu i vremensku aktivnost videosadržaja, koriste veliku računalnu snage za probno kodiranje ili su zaštićene autorskim pravima, u ovoj je disertaciji predložena nova metoda za odabir optimalnih parametara za skupove reprezentacija u postupku kodiranja i segmentacije. Prvi dio istraživanja predstavljen u ovom doktorskom radu usredotočen je na odabir parametara za kodiranje i segmentaciju videosignala metodom koja uzima u obzir prostornu i vremensku aktivnost videosadržaja i ne zahtijeva probno kodiranje svakog videosignala. Predstavljena je metodologiju korištena za razvoj metode te matematički zapisi koji omogućavaju optimalan izbor prijenosnih brzina i odgovarajućih prostornih rezolucija za reprezentacije segmentiranog videosignala na poslužiteljskoj strani. U usporedbi sa segmentacijom dostupnom u relevantnoj literaturi, segmentacija videosignala zasnovana na predloženim metodom ostvaruje veće vrijednosti indeksa strukturne sličnosti SSIM u 92% slučajeva. Tijekom razvoja i ispitivanja predloženih metoda, uočeno je da postoji nedostatak videosignala kodiranih i segmentiranih prema MPEG DASH normi te je u drugom dijelu istraživanja predložena baza od šest videosignala segmentiranih prema predloženoj metodi za odabir broja i parametara reprezentacija. Uz segmente u trajanju od 2, 6 i 10 sekundi, predložena baza videosignala uključuje izvorne videosignale, inicijalizacijske segmente i MPD datoteke u pet različitih profila. Simulacijski okvir koji se može koristiti za usporedbu različitih algoritama za prilagodljivo videostrujanje pomoću QoE parametara i za istraživanje utjecaja parametara segmentacije na ostvarenu kvalitetu videozapisa, razvijen je s obzirom da nema dostupnih rješenja koja se mogu koristiti bez pristupa Internet mreži i bez potrebe za segmentacijom videosignala pri svakoj promjeni parametara kodiranja. Predloženi okvir također uključuje modul za umjetno generiranje mrežnih ispitnih zapisa primjenom Nakagami raspodjele vjerojatnosti. 167 Usporedbom parametara koji utječu na kvalitetu prenesenog videosignala dobivenih primjenom umjetno generirane i izmjerene mrežne ispitne zapise, pokazalo se da se Nakagami raspodjela vjerojatnosti može koristiti za umjetno generiranje mrežnih ispitnih zapisa koji odgovaraju širokom rasponu izmjerenih mrežnih ispitnih zapisa za 3G i 4G mreže. Posljednji dio istraživanja proveden je korištenjem predloženog okvira za ispitivanje utjecaja razlike u MOS vrijednostima korištenim za određivanje optimalnog broja reprezentacija na parametre QoE. Predložena segmentacija postiže veće SSIM vrijednosti bez obzira na mrežne uvjete i ima manji broj i dubinu prebacivanja razina kvalitete. Predloženi okvir također je korišten kako bi se potvrdila pretpostavka da bi razlika u MOS vrijednostima koja se koristi za određivanje optimalnog broja reprezentacija trebala biti veća ako se koriste videosignali s višim prostornim i vremenskim informacijama. Iz rezultata simulacije može se zaključiti da bi za segmentiranje videosignala s višim vrijednostima SI i TI razlika MOS vrijednosti trebala biti tri (za MOS skalu od 0-100), a kada se koriste videosignali s nižim vrijednostima SI i TI, razlika MOS vrijednosti koja se koristi za određivanje optimalnog broja reprezentacija trebala bi biti jedan ili dva kako bi se osigurao kompromis između broja i dubine prebacivanja razina kvalitete, broja i trajanja zastoja u reprodukciji videosignala i SSIM vrijednosti.A standard called MPEG Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (MPEG DASH) defines the format of video segments and the manifest file. It was developed to ensure interoperability between various video streaming application used for transferring video sequences from a server to the client while ensuring the highest possible video quality in the varying network conditions. Considering that the available research mostly focuses on improving the adaptive streaming algorithms and that the proposed methods for selecting the optimal parameters for the representation sets do not consider the spatial and temporal activity of video sequences, use a high amount of computational power for precoding, or are proprietary, there is room for improvement. The first part of the research presented in this doctoral dissertation is focused on the selection of parameters for coding and segmentation of video signals using a method that takes into account the spatial and temporal activity of video content and does not require trial coding of each video signal. Considering that some of the proposed solutions lack the information needed for the reproduction of results, this doctoral dissertation includes the methodology used for developing the methods and the notation for all methods presented in this doctoral dissertation. Compared to the segmentation available in the relevant literature, the segmentation of video signals based on the proposed methods obtains better Structural Similarity Index Measure values in 92% of cases. During the development of the proposed methods and its testing, it was noticed that there is a lack of video signals encoded and segmented according to MPEG DASH standard, in the second part of the research a database of six video signals segmented according to the proposed methods for selecting the number and parameters of representations was presented. In addition to the segments with a duration of 2, 6, and 10 seconds, the proposed database includes source video signals, initialization segments, and MPD files in five different profiles. The simulation framework that can be used for comparing different adaptation algorithms based on QoE parameters and for investigating the influence of segmentation parameters on the resulting video quality, was developed considering there weren’t any available solutions that could be used offline without the need for segmentation of video signals for every change in coding parameters. The proposed framework also includes the module for generating synthetic network traces by using Nakagami distribution. 169 By comparing the parameters that affect the quality of the uploaded video using synthetic and measured network traces, it was shown that the Nakagami distribution can be used for generating synthetic network traces that correspond to a wide range of measured network traces. The last part of the research was conducted using the proposed framework for examining the impact of the difference in MOS values used to determine the optimal number of representations on the QoE parameters. The proposed segmentation achieves higher SSIM values regardless of the network conditions and has a smaller number and depth of quality level switching. The proposed framework was also used to confirm the premise that the difference in MOS values used to determine the optimal number of representations should be higher if video signals with higher spatial and temporal information are used. From simulation results, it can be concluded that for segmenting video signals with higher values of SI and TI, the difference of MOS value should be three, and when video signals with lower values SI and TI are used, the difference of MOS value used to determine the optimal number of representations should be one or two to ensure a compromise between the number and depth of switching quality levels, the number, and duration of video playback delays and SSIM values

Distribution and Allocation of Network Resources Based on Predictive Analyses of Time-Series Telecommunications Data

With the fast development of different communication technologies, applications, and services, the adoption of advanced sensory and computing solutions, such as the various Internet of Things (IoT) and mobile computing solutions, is continuously growing. The massive adoption of mobile computing and IoT sensory devices encouraged the continuous growth of generated network traffic. Therefore, the selection of adequate solutions for efficient data processing became necessary. Despite numerous advantages arising from effective data processing, operators and enterprises working within the ICT domain have only limited amounts of available networking resources to store, process, and use valuable information extracted from large quantities of gathered data. In this paper, an optimal planning process and prediction of usage of network resources is examined. It takes into consideration the results of predictive modeling processes based on available sets of time series telecommunications data. The given forecasts enable effective selection of network architectures, as well as the distribution and allocation of network resources considering the cloud, edge, and fog networking concepts