Application of the parameters ofsorption of selected hydrophobic organic compounds onto the sediment organic matter for the assessment of their availability in the sediment-water system

Prirodna organska materija zemljišta/sedimenata predstavlja glavnu oblast za sorpciju hidrofobnih organskih jedinjenja, a njene osobine utiču na stepen retencije i konsekventnu (bio)dostupnost organskih jedinjenja. Da bi se procenio ekotoksikološki rizik zagađenih zemljišta/sedimenata po okolinu, dizajnirala odgovarajuća strategija remedijacije ili predvidela sudbina i transport organskih polutanata u zagađenim zonama, neophodno je razumevanje mehanizma sorpcije i desorpcije na nivou mehanizma uspostavljenih veza. U radu je izvršeno ispitivanje sorpcije i desorpcije odabranih hidrofobnih organskih polutanata, pentahlorbenzena i lindana, na sekvencijalno ekstrahovanim huminskim kiselinama i huminima iz jednog uzorka sedimenta u cilju pronalaženja veze između strukturnih karakteristika izolovanih huminskih kiselina i humina i sorpcionih i desorpcionih parametara. Afinitet za sorpciju, nelinearnost izotermi i prividna sorpciono-desorpciona histereza korelirani su  sa osobinama sorbenata dobijenim iz elementarne i FTIR spektroskopske analize. Predloženo je da je mehanizam sorpcije na huminskim kiselinama rezultat odigravanja raspodele i specifične adsorpcije, pri čemu se pri nižim koncentracijama pentahlorbenzena i lindana prvo popune sorpciona mesta u kondenzovanoj aromatičnoj oblasti, a tek potom pri višim koncentracijama sorpciona mesta u amorfnim alifatičnim oblastima. Sveukupno viši koeficijenti nelinearnosti dobijeni za sorpciju pentahlorbenzena na huminskim kiselinama u odnosu na nelinearnost sorpcionih izotermi lindana, ukazuju na to da u ukupnoj sorpciji pentahlorbenzena veći značaj ima mehanizam raspodele i smeštanje molekula pentahlorbenzena u hidrofobne šupljine huminskih kiselina, u odnosu na specifičnu adsorpciju. Ovi zaključci su potvrđeni rezultatima spektroskopskih istraživanja interakcija  odabranih organskih jedinjenja i N-metilformamida. Predloženi mehanizam sorpcije ne može objasniti sorpciju pentahlorbenzena i lindana na uzorcima humina, većje pretpostavljeno da nelinearna sorpcija za uzorke humina može biti rezultat ostvarivanja površinskih interakcija, a visoki afinitet za sorpciju rezultat je raspodele organskih jedinjenja u amorfnim alifatičnim oblastima koje pružaju odlično okruženje za sorpciju. U cilju daljeg proučavanja mehanizma sorpcije, izvršeno je ispitivanje kinetike desorpcije tri odabrana hidrofobna organskajedinjenja, pentahlorbenzena, lindana i pentahloranilina, posredstvom  čvrstog adsorbenta, XAD-4 makroporozne jonoizmenjivačke smole. Na osnovu rezultata dobijenih za uzorak sedimenta i frakciju < 125 µm za dva ravnotežna vremena (15 i 90 dana) i za sva odabrana organska jedinjenja može se zaključiti da se za procenu potencijalne (bio)dostupne frakcije organskih jedinjenja može koristiti jednostavna desorpcija u prisustvu XAD-4 makroporozne jonoizmenjivačke smole i to na dva načina: (1) ekstrakcijom sedimenta tokom 24 časa, kada frakcija koja se desorbuje odgovara frakciji jedinjenja koja se nalazi u brzo-desorbujućem domenu organske materije, ili (2) ekstrakcijom tokom 6 časova, kada frakcija koja se desorbuje odgovara polovini one frakcije jedinjenja koja se nalazi u brzo-desorbujućem domenu organske materije.Natural organic matter of soil/sediment make the main region for sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds, ant its properties influence the degree of retention and, consequently, (bio)availability of organic compounds. In order to assess the ecotoxicological risks of contaminated soils/sediments to the environment and design the appropriate remediation strategy or predict the fate and transport of organic pollutants in contaminated zones, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms of sorption/desorption at the level of the mechanism of established bonds. Study of the sorption and desorption of selected hydrophobic organic pollutants, pentachlorobenzene and lindane, on sequentially extracted humic acids and humins from a single sediment sample with the aim of finding the relationship between the structural characteristics of the isolated humic acids and humin and sorption and desorption parameters. Sorption affinity, nonlinearity of isotherms, and apparent sorption-desorption hysteresis were correlated to the sorbent characteristics obtained from elemental analysis and FTIR spectroscopic data. The proposed sorption mechanism on humic acids assumes that at low concentrations of pentachlorobenzene and lindane the sorption sites in the condensed aromatic region are occupied first, and then, at their higher concentrations, the sorption sites in the amorphous and aliphatic regions. Generally higher nonlinearity coefficient obtained for the sorption of pentachlorobenzene on  umic acids compared with the nonlinearity of sorption isotherms for lindane, indicate that in the overall sorption of pentachlorobenzene of higher significance is the  echanism of distribution and insertion of pentachlorobenzene molecule into hydrophobic dips of humic acids, compared to specific adsorption. These conclusions were confirmed with the results of spectroscopic investigation of  intermolecular interaction of chosen organic compounds and N-methylformamide.Since suggested sorption mechanism could not explain sorption of  pentachlorobenzene and lindane onto humin samples, it is supposed that the nonlinearity can be a result of surface interactions, while the high sorption affinity is result of distribution of organic compounds in the amorphous aliphatic regions that offer an excellent environment for sorption. With the aim of further insight into the sorption mechanism, investigation of desorption kinetics of three chosen hydrophobic organic compounds, pentachlorobenzene, lindane and pentachloroaniline, in the presence of  soild adsorbent XAD-4 macroporous ion-exchange resin was performed. On the basis of the results obtained for sediment sample and fraction < 125 µm at two equilibrium times (15 and 90 days) and for all selected organic compounds, it can be concluded that the assessment of the potential (bio)avialable fraction of organic compounds may be obtained by using simple method of desorption in the presence of XAD-4 macroporous ion-exchange resin, performed in two ways: (1) by sediment  extraction during 24 hours, when the desorbing fraction corresponds to the fraction of  he compound that is found in the fast-desorbing domain of organic matter, or (2) by 6-hour extraction, when the desorbing fraction corresponds to one half of the fraction appearing in the fast-desorbing domain of the organic matter

Molecular-cytogenetic characterization of chromosomal breakages in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Fanconi anemia patients in different stages of the disease

Česta fragilna mesta (CFS) su hromozomski regioni skloni lezijama, suženjima i prekidima u uslovima replikativnog stresa in vitro. Najčešće se mogu naći kod sindroma hromozomskih nestabilnosti kao što je Fankonijeva anemija (FA), retka nasledna bolest koju karakteriše sklonost ka razvoju maligniteta i progresivna insuficijencija koštane srži, povećan broj hromozomskih prekida i radijala i telomerna fragilnost. Cilj ovog istraživanja je molekularno-citogenetička karakterizacija hromozomskih prekida u limfocitima periferne krvi, ispitivanje zajedničkog mesta javljanja - kolokalizacije prekida sa CFS i analiza mutacija u FANCD2 genu kod FA-D2 pacijenata iz Srbije kako bi se utvrdilo da li CFS zavise od tipa mutacija u FANCD2 genu. Navedeni parametri su analizirani kod pacijenata u različitim fazama bolesti kako bi se identifikovali prognostički parametri bolesti. Rezultati su pokazali da FA-D2 hromozomski prekidi kolokalizuju sa CFS, karakteristični su za komplementacionu grupu i distribucija im se menja sa progresijom bolesti. Učestalost radijala i telomernih fuzija značajno je viša kod pacijenata sa teškom insuficijencijom koštane srži i može predstavljati prognostički parametar bolesti. Radijali se formiraju između nehomologih hromozoma, uključujući i polne i autozome. Otkriveno je novo fragilno mesto u regionu 1q42.2. Sangerovim sekvenciranjem je otkriveno 10 varijanti FANCD2 gena, uglavnom dubokih intronskih, od kojih su tri novootkrivene (c.2396 C>A, c.206-246delG i c.2715+573 C>T). In-silico analizom identifikovane su tri patogene varijante kod više pacijenata koji nisu u srodstvu, koje mogu biti specifične za populaciju u Srbiji. Poređenje rezultata molekularno-citogenetičke i analize mutacija pokazalo je da ne postoji povezanost CFS i varijanti FANCD2 gena.Common fragile sites (CFSs) are chromosomal regions prone to gaps, constrictions and breaks under conditions of replication stress in vitro. They are mostly found in chromosomal instability syndromes such as Fanconi anemia (FA). FA is rare inherited disease characterized by cancer predisposition, progressive bone marrow failure, increased level of chromosomal breakages, radial figures and marked telomere fragility. The aim of this study was to perform molecular-cytogenetic characterization of chromosomal breakages and co-localization with CFSs in peripheral blood lymphocytes, as well as to analyze FANCD2 gene mutations in FA-D2 patients from Serbia. These parameters were monitored in patients at different stages of the disease in order to identify the prognostic parameters of the disease. The results of this study showed that FA-D2 chromosomal breakages co-localize with CFS, they are specific for the complementation group and their distribution pattern changes with the disease progression. The frequency of radials and telomere fusions is significantly higher in patients with severe bone marrow failure and could be of predictive value. Radials are composed of non-homologous chromosomes, including sex chromosomes as well as autosomes. One novel fragile site is found in region 1q42.2. Ten variants of FANCD2 gene are detected by Sanger sequencing, mostly in deep intronic regions, among which three are novel (c.2396 C>A, c.206-246delG i c.2715+573 C>T). In-silico analysis revealed three pathogenic variants in several unrelated patients, indicating their possible association to Serbian population. Matching the results of molecular-cytogenetic characterization and mutation analysis showed that there is no relationship between CFS and FANCD2 variants

Pentachlorobenzene sequestration in sediment by carbon rich amendment

Organic pollutants in sediments are a worldwide problem because sediments act as sinks for hydrophobic, toxic, persistent and bioaccumulative hazardous compoundssuch as pentachlorobenzene (PeCB). PeCB can be involved in adsorption, desorption and transformation processes and can be made available to benthic organisms through the sediment-water interface. In order to reduce the risk, this study investigates effects of the dose and contact time between sediment and carbon-rich amendments (activated carbon (AC), biochar (BC) and hummus (HC)) on the effectiveness of detoxification. Four doses of carbon-rich amendments (0.5-10 %) and four equilibrations contact times (14 -180 days) were investigated. The present research highlights the need for further examination and process optimization of different carbon-rich materials used for contaminant removal. Results have shown that the smallest dose (0.5 %) of investigated sorbents was sufficient to reduce the bioavailable fraction of PeCB below 5 %, and the ageing process after 14 days for AC and 30 days for HM and BC negligibly influenced the bioavailable fraction

Lomljivost telomera u bolničkih radnika profesionalno izloženih niskim dozama ionizirajućega zračenja

AbstractBiološki učinci ionizirajućega zračenja (IZ) pripisuju se oštećenjima DNA i indirektnim učincima kroz povećanu proizvodnju reaktivnih vrsta kisika. Iako se telomere rabe kao pokazatelji radioosjetljivosti, o njihovu ponašanju kao odgovoru na ionizirajuće zračenje u uvjetima profesionalne izloženosti i dalje se raspravlja. U ovom radu željeli smo istražiti duljinu i strukturu telomera u bolničkih radnika koji su profesionalno izloženi ionizirajućem zračenju te povezati te nalaze s oksidacijskim biomolekulama i kromosomskim aberacijama. Uzorci krvi izloženih ispitanika i zdravih kontrola uzeti su za analizu tijekom rutinskoga godišnjeg zdravstvenog pregleda. Osim kromosomskih aberacija, u uzorcima plazme izmjereni su i parametri oksidacijskoga stresa [prooksidacijska/antioksidacijska ravnoteža (PAB), lipidna peroksidacija i 8-okso-dG], a procjena duljine i strukture telomera provedena je metodom Q-FISH na metafaznim kromosomima. Analiza kromosomskih aberacija pokazala je da od 34 ispitanika njih 14 ima kromosomske aberacije (skupina 1), a 20 nije imalo aberacije (skupina 2). Nije bilo značajne razlike u spolu ili dobi ni u duljini telomera između skupina. Međutim, incidencija lomljivih telomera bila je značajno veća u objema skupinama ispitanika izloženih IZ-u u usporedbi s kontrolnim ispitanicima. Produkti peroksidacije lipida i 8-okso-dG također su bili značajno viši u objema skupinama. Učestalost lomljivih telomera u pozitivnoj je korelaciji (statistički značajna) s razinama 8-okso-dG

Biological properties of nitinol archwires coated with titanium nitride- copper films

Objectives: The main purpose of orthodontic treatment (OT) is to accomplish an optimal occlusal relationship in order to obtain adequate oral function and aesthetic appearance. Under optimal economic conditions, demand for OT reaches at least 35%, but in higher socioeconomic areas in US more than 50% of children are receiving orthodontic care. Acceptance of OT in Europe, like in western population and Scandinavian countries, is at similar levels. Very desirable mechanical characteristics, such as shape memory effect and superelasticity, expanded the use of nitinol (NiTi) archwires in orthodontics significantly. The complex conditions present in the oral cavity, including biofilm formation on the exposed surfaces, substantially alter the surface and structural properties of the NiTi archwires compromising the safety of OT. The necessity for developing novel material coating that would decrease Ni release and improve biological properties is of a great importance. Materials-Methods: Copper doped titanium nitride films (TiN-Cu) on the surface of NiTi archwires were obtained by combination of the cathodic arc evaporation and DC magnetron sputtering. The physicochemical characterization was performed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Ion release was assessed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The cytotoxicity of NiTi archwires, stainless steel (SS) archwires and TiN-Cu coated archwires was investigated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. In order to evaluate bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, the following strains were used: Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus mitis. Results: Physicochemical characterization revealed well-designed coatings with the presence of TiN phase with incorporated Cu. The release of Ni was the lowest regarding TiN-Cunanocoated archwires (p < 0.05) and increased in acidic conditions, while the release of Ti was constant. Contrary, the release of Cu was higher in neutral conditions and decreased during the observation time (p < 0.05). The cytotoxicity was the lowest in 28-day eluates of TiN-Cu-nanocoated archwires (p < 0.05). The coating inhibited the adhesion and growth of bacteria such as Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus mutans (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Taking into account the results of cytotoxicity test and biofilm formation, TiN-Cunanocoated archwires may be considered as a good candidate for further clinical investigations.27th BaSS : November 9-11, Istanbul, Turkey, 2023

Optimizacija metode za izolaciju epitelnih stanica iz nežljezdanog dijela želuca štakora za protočnu citometriju

Traditional methods in cell proliferation studies are based on immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cells in the target tissue. Since they are time consuming, optimization of novel, more efficient methods is important for large scale proliferation studies. In this study, we aimed to optimize the isolation of single epithelial rat forestomach cells for flow cytometry. As a marker of cellular proliferation we used the Ki-67 antibody to detect this nuclear protein expressed in proliferating cells. We also performed immunohistochemical detection of Ki-67 positive cells and propidium iodide staining to validate the results. 3-tert- butyl -4-hydroxyanisole was used as the positive control to ensure cellular proliferation. The results showed that isolation of epithelial cells with collagenase, trypsin and cell strainer ensures great cell viability (>95%) and the purity of the samples. Flow cytometry and immunostaining with the Ki-67 antibody indicated that 3-tert- butyl-4-hydroxyanisole treatment leads to a significant increase in proliferation. A significant positive correlation was observed between the results obtained by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, but the flow cytometric data had a smaller measurement error, suggesting the equal sensitivity and greater accuracy of this method. Propidium iodide staining showed that the percentage of cells in the G2+S phase of the cell cycle correlated positively with the percentage of Ki-67 positive cells assessed by flow cytometry, indicating that Ki-67 positive cells reflect an active dividing cell pool. We conclude that the isolation of forestomach epithelial cells described is a simple and reliable method for obtaining viable cells for use in flow cytometry. Compared to immunohistochemistry, flow cytometric detection of the Ki-67 antigen is equally sensitive, but much faster and provides more accurate results.Tradicionalne metode u ispitivanju stanične proliferacije temelje se na imunohistokemijskom otkrivanju proliferacijskih stanica u ciljanom tkivu. Kako su dugotrajne, optimizacija novih i učinkovitijih metoda važna je za velika istraživanja o proliferaciji. U ovom smo radu željeli optimizirati izolaciju epitelnih stanica prednjeg želuca štakora za protočnu citometriju. Kao marker stanične proliferacije koristili smo Ki-67 protutijelo za otkrivanje ovoga nuklearnog proteina izraženog u proliferacijskim stanicama. Također smo učinili imunohistokemijsku detekciju Ki- 67 pozitivnih stanica i bojenje propidij-jodidom kako bismo potvrdili rezultate. Butil-hidroksianizol korišten je kao pozitivna kontrola da se osigura stanična proliferacija. Rezultati su pokazali da izolacija epitelnih stanica s kolagenazom, tripsinom i staničnim cjedilom osigurava veliku vijabilnost stanica (> 95 %) i čistoću uzoraka. Protočna citometrija i Ki-67 bojenje pokazali su da tretman butil-hidroksianizolom dovodi do znakovitog porasta proliferacije. Primijećena je znakovita pozitivna korelacija između rezultata dobivenih imunohistokemijom i protočnom citometrijom, dok su protočni citometrijski podaci imali manju pogrešku mjerenja, što upućuje na jednaku osjetljivost i veću točnost ove metode. Bojenje propidij-jodidom pokazalo je da postotak stanica u G2+S fazi staničnog ciklusa pozitivno korelira s postotkom Ki-67 pozitivnih stanica procijenjenih protočnom citometrijom, što upućuje na to da Ki-67 oslikava stanice u aktivnoj diobi. Zaključujemo da je opisana izolacija epitelnih stanica prednjeg želuca štakora jednostavna i pouzdana metoda za dobivanje održivih stanica za upotrebu u protočnoj citometriji. U usporedbi s imunohistokemijom, protočna citometrijska detekcija antigena Ki-67 jednako je osjetljiva, ali mnogo brža i daje točnije rezultate

miRNA-free rare pathogenic CNVs could drive toward variable CAKUT phenotypes

Introduction: Genetic studies of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) have demonstrated variable penetrability and expressivity of the associated genetic defects. Previously, it was shown that deletions of 17q12 and 22q11.2 regions were specific for kidney anomalies (KA) while 16p11.2 and 1q21.1 loci showed extensive pleiotropy in CAKUT phenotypes. CNVs affecting miRNA gene dosage have been described to have functional influence on gene expression. We aimed to conduct comprehensive in silico analysis using publicly available databases to analyze miRNA content of CAKUT-associated CNVs in quoted chromosomal loci with regard to pleiotropy. Methods: Extensive literature review was conducted to collect data about pathogenic rCNVs associated with CAKUT. UCSC genome browser tool was employed for mapping miRNAs onto collected rCNV regions. Results: Analysis of CNVs in CAKUT included four studies counting more than 2500 patients. In further analysis we included 191 patients harboring pathogenic CNVs. Surprisingly, CAKUT pleiotropic regions (16p11.2, 1q21.2) did not contain any miRNA. 22q11.2 showed the densest miRNAs content (n = 21). Conclusions: Absence of miRNAs may potentially pronounce the pleiotropy of the CAKUT genetic defects, thus leading to the variety of phenotypes. Contrary, abundancy of miRNAs in 22q11.2 might be associated with reproducible phenotype, such as KA, producing the functional effect when deleted. This assumption agrees with recent results of miRNA expression variability in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.54th European Society of Human Genetics (ESHG) Conference; August 28-31, 2021; Virtual ConferenceAbstracts from the 54th European Society of Human Genetics (ESHG) Conference: e-Poster

Nanotechnology approach for diminishing quercetin toxicity toward peripheral blood mononuclear cells

Quercetin (Q) is one of the most common and well researched antioxidant flavonoids, which usually occurs in plant-based foods, and medicinal plants. It was shown that quercetin exerts many beneficial effects on human health, including prevention of cancer and heart diseases. Quercetin was found to be toxic toward various types of cancer cell, still, at higher concentrations it was also shown toxic toward normal human cells [1,2]. One of the approaches to overcome this shortcoming offers nanotechnology which enables the novel perspective of phytochemical usage in contemporary medicine [3]. The strategy of binding quercetin to the gold nanoparticles during their synthesis was used, which resulted in quercetin capped gold nanoparticles (NPQ) [4]. Trypan blue exclusion test [5] was used to evaluate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) viability after their exposure to either NPQ or free Q during 24, 48 and 72 h, at 37 °C, in the range of quercetin concentrations from 5 to 50 μg/mL. A significant reduction in the cell count was observed in PBMC cultures treated with 10, 20, and 50 μg/mL of free Q, for all exposure times. The treatments of increasing concentrations and exposure times lowered the cells viability, resulting in 63% of the viable cells, following 72 h of the treatment with 50 μg/mL of free Q. Although NPQ treatments affected the cells viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner the treatment with 50 μg/mL of NPQ for 72 h, had a milder effect on PBMC cultures than free Q, resulting in 81% of the viable cells (Figure 1). According to the obtained results, NPQ were shown less toxic toward PBMC than free Q.1-EuSPMF - 1st European Symposium on Phytochemicals in Medicine and Food; 7-9 September, 2022; Belgrad

Učinak ekstrakta korijena žute lincure na mononuklearne stanice periferne krvi ovisi o njegovoj koncentraciji i vremenu izlaganja

Yellow gentian (Gentiana lutea L.), a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine, displays multiple biological effects, ranging from beneficial to toxic. Since many promising applications have been reported so far, our aim was to evaluate its potential concentration- and time- dependent cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in vitro. To that end we exposed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/mL of yellow gentian root extract (YGRE) to determine its effects on oxidative stress parameters [pro/antioxidant balance (PAB) and lipid peroxidation], DNA damage (alkaline comet assay and chromosome aberrations), and cell viability (trypan blue exclusion test). Cell viability decreased with increasing concentrations and treatment duration. Only the lowest YGRE concentration (0.5 mg/mL) increased oxidative stress but produced minor DNA damage and cytotoxicity. At higher concentrations, redox parameters returned to near control values. The percentage of chromosome aberrations and percentage of DNA in the comet tail increased with increased YGRE concentration after 48 h and declined after 72 h of treatment. This points to the activation of DNA repair mechanism (homologous recombination), evidenced by the formation of chromosomal radial figures after 72 h of treatment with the highest YGRE concentration of 2 mg/mL. Our results suggest that YGRE, despite induction of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, activates cell repair mechanisms that counter oxidative and DNA lesions and induce cell death in highly damaged cells. Therefore, observed protective effects of yellow gentian after longer exposure could be a result of activated repair and removal of cells with irreparable damage.Žuta lincura (Gentiana lutea L.), ljekovita biljka koja se često koristi u tradicionalnoj medicini, pokazuje višestruke biološke učinke, od korisnih do toksičnih. Budući da je do sada zabilježeno mnogo mogućih primjena, cilj nam je bio procijeniti potencijalne citotoksične i genotoksične učinke ekstrakta korijena te biljke, koji ovise o njegovoj koncentraciji i vremenu izlaganja in vitro. Mononuklearne stanice ljudske periferne krvi izložili smo ekstraktu korijena žute lincure (YGRE), koncentracije 0,5 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL i 2 mg/mL, da bismo utvrdili njegove učinke na parametre oksidacijskoga stresa [pro/antioksidacijski balans (PAB) i peroksidacija lipida], oštećenja DNA (alkalni komet test i kromosomske aberacije) i preživljavanje stanica (tripan plavo bojenje). Preživljavanje stanica smanjivalo se s povećanjem koncentracije i trajanja izlaganja. Samo najniža koncentracija YGRE-a (0,5 mg/mL) dovela je do povećanja oksidacijskoga stresa, ali je proizvela manja oštećenja DNA i citotoksičnost. Pri višim koncentracijama, redoks parametri vratili su se blizu razine kontrolnih vrijednosti. Postotak kromosomskih aberacija i postotak DNA u repu kometa povećavao se s povećanom koncentracijom YGRE-a nakon 48 sati i smanjivao nakon 72 sata tretmana. To upućuje na aktiviranje mehanizma popravka DNA (homologna rekombinacija), što dokazuje prisutnost kromosomskih radijalnih struktura nakon 72 sata tretmana najvišom koncentracijom YGRE-a od 2 mg/mL. Naši rezultati pokazuju da YGRE, unatoč induciranju citotoksičnih i genotoksičnih učinaka, aktivira mehanizme popravka stanica koji suzbijaju oksidacijske i DNA lezije i induciraju smrt visoko oštećenih stanica. Zaključak je da uočeni zaštitni učinci dužeg izlaganja ekstraktu korijena žute lincure mogu biti rezultat aktivnoga popravka i uklanjanja stanica s nepopravljivim oštećenjima

Prolonged exposure to mesoporous silica decrease cell viability in vitro

„Contemporary Materials 2021“ : XIV International Scientific Conference : programme and book of abstracts : September 9-10, 2021; Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovin