Djelovanje regulatora rasta na preživljenje fragmenata hipokotila bundeve

Basic Heller’s medium is not suitable for the growth and development of fragments of pumpkin hypocotyls. On this medium the fragments hardly survive a culture period of one month. The addition of growth regulators (IAA, 2,4-D or kinetin) to Heller’s medium delays the senescence of the tissue and its decay. Moreover, it provokes cell divisions resulting in an increase of fresh and dry weight

Međudržavni skup o školskim jezicima i pravu na višejezično međukulturalno obrazovanje

U Strasbourgu je od 8. do 10. lipnja 2009. održan međudržavni skup o školskim jezicima u organizaciji Odjela jezične politike Europskoga vijeća. Kako je riječ o važnomu skupu, pojedina će se izlaganja prikazati s više pojedinosti kako bi čitatelji dobili što bolji uvid u njega. Ovaj je skup jedan od ishoda projekta posvećenoga jezicima u obrazovanju i za obrazovanje, jednako kao i mrežna Platforma izvora i referenca za višejezično međukulturno obrazovanje, kraticom PIRVIM (eng. PRREPI) o kojoj se na skupu često govorilo. Vjeratno će Platforma utjecati na školske jezike i jezike u obrazovanju općenito slično kao što je i ZEROJ (eng. CEFR, fr. CECR) utjecao na područje poučavanja stranih jezika, ali i na poučavanje (jezicima) općenito

Rizogeneza na eksplantatima hipokotila bundeve

Hypocotyl fragments of pumpkin were grown on Heller’s synthetic medium or MS-medium with 3°/o glucose and 0.9% Difco Bacto agar and some growth regulators. Heller’s basic medium is not suitable for the growth and development of hypocotyls. On this medium the fragments never show any signs of differentiation and hardly survive the culture period of one month. Moroever, as shown earlier, IAA with kinetin or 2,4-D with kinetin in Heller’s medium provoke cell divisions resulting in an increase of fresh and dry weight but never in rooting. In a small number of expiants with only 2,4-D at the concentrations of 10-7 and 10-6 very weak rhizogenesis was induced. The MS-medium has proved to be much more suitable. The medium consisting of MS-salts and sugar only is sufficient for root iduction on the root side of the fragment; for the vigorous root growth, however, the complete MS-medium is necessary. The addition of some substances, e. g. of autoclaved water-melon sap (15% vol.) or autoclaved water-melon sap combined with 2,4-D (3.10-7) further intensifies the vigorous growth of the roots; low concentrations of NAA, high concentrations of IBA and IAA (10-6) with kinetin (3.10-7) show the same effect.Fragmenti hipokotila bundeve veličine 1 cm bili su uzgajani na osnovnom Hellerovom mediju ili MS-mediju uz dodatak 3% glukoze, 0,9% Difco Bacto agara i različitih regulatora rasta. Osnovni Hellerov medij nije bio pogodan za rast i razvitak eksplan- tata hipokotila bundeve. Na ovom osnovnom mediju, bez regulatora rasta, fragmenti nisu pokazivali nikakvu diferencijaciju, pa ni rizogenezu, i nisu preživjeli period kultiviranja od mjesec dana. Dodatak 2,4-D, IAA i kinetina produžio je preživljenje eksplantata preko mjesec dana, no niti na j različiti je kombinacije 2,4-D i kinetina, a tako ni IAA i kinetina, nikada nisu potakle stvaranje korijena. Jedino je na manjem broju kultura uočena pojava slabih korjenčića nakon dodatka same 2,4-D u visokim koncentracijama. MS-medij bio je mnogo pogodniji. Sama podloga MS-soli uz dodatak 3% glukoze bila je dovoljna da se korijenje inducira na proksimalnoj (korijenskoj) strani eksplantata. Bujno korijenje naraslo je međutim na kompletnom MS-mediju. Bez dodatka šećera na kompletnom MS-mediju nije bilo moguće izazvati rizogenezu. Dodatkom izvjesnih supstancija rasta pojačao se broj induciranog korijenja i njegov razvoj. Tako je npr. dodatak od 15% soka lubenice osnovnom mediju MS-soli djelovao poput dodatka aminokiselina i vitamina iz kompletnog MS-medija. Dodavanjem 2,4-D u koncentracijama 10 na-6 i 10 na-7 te NAA u nižim koncentracijama (10 na-9 i 10 na -8), kombinacija IAA 10 na -6) i kinetina (3.10 na-7) te IBA u visokim koncentracijama (10 na-6) kompletnom MS-mediju postignut je bujni rast korijenja na eksplantatima hipokotila bundeve

Razvitak abnormalnih embrioida u embriogenom kalusu bundeve (Cucurbita pepo L.)

In addition to normal forms of embryoids in an embryogenic callus of pumpkin, various abnormal forms also appear. They can be characterized, according to their morphology, as monocotyleous, heterocotyleous, tricotyleous, quadricotyleous, syncotyleous, and embryoids with leaf-like cotyledons. Other forms observed include: twins, forms with undeveloped roots, undeveloped hypocotyls, callus formed on the surface of the plantlet, multiple growth and forms of undifferentiated masses. The anomalies described, with the exception of certain differences in the size of the embryoids are not dependent on the presence of a specific growth substances in the nutrient medium

Morphological and Motor Characteristics of Croatian First League Female Football Players

The aim of this study was to determine the structure of morphological and motor characteristics of Croatian first league female football players and their impact on the estimated quality of the players. According to the goal of the research, a sample consisted of 70 Croatian first league female football players. Participants were measured in 18 tests for assessing morphological characteristics, a set of 12 basic motor abilities tests and a set of 7 tests for assessing football-specific motor abilities. Exploratory factor analysis strategy was applied separately to all measured tests: morphological, basic motor abilities and football specific motor abilities. Factor analysis of morphological tests has shown existence of 3 significant latent dimensions that explain 64% of the total variability. Factors are defined as transverse dimensionality of the skeleton and voluminosity (35%), subcutaneous fat tissue (16%) and longitudinal dimensionality of the skeleton (13%). In the area of basic motor abilities, four factors were extracted. The first factor is responsible for the integration of agility and explosive power of legs, i.e. a factor of movement regulation (agility/lower body explosiveness) (23%), the second one defines muscle tone regulation (15%), the third one defines the frequency of leg movements (12%), while the fourth one is recognized as responsible for the anifestation of basic strength, particularly of basic core strength (19%). Two factors were isolated in the space of football-specific motor abilities: football-specific efficiency (53%) and situational football coordination (27%). Furthermore, by use of factor analysis on extracted latent dimensions (morphological, basic and football specific motor abilities) two higher order factors (explaining 87% of common variability) were extracted. They were named morphological-motor factor (54%) and football-specific motor abilities factor (33%). It is assumed that two extracted higher-order factors fully describe morphological and motor status of first league female football players. Furthermore, the linear regression results in latent space showed that the identified factors are very good predictors of female football players quality (d = 0.959). In doing so, both specific motor abilities factors and the first factor of basic motor abilities as a factor of general motor efficiency have the greatest impact on player quality, and these factors have been identified as most important predictors of player quality in Croatian women’s first league and elite female football players in general. Obtained results provide deep insight into the structure of relations between the morphological, motor and specific motor variables and also indicate the importance of such definition of specific motor abilities. Consequently, results explicitly indicate the necessity of early, continuous, and systematic development of football-specific motor abilities in female football players of high competitive level but also, adjusted, to the younger age categories