896 research outputs found
The Future of Cydia pomonella Granulovirus in Biological Control of Codling Moth
Resistance of codling moth against Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) products has
alarmed growers, extension services, the CpGV producers and the scientific community.
During the last two years many activities were initiated in Germany and in Europe to
understand this phenomenon and to overcome this problem. Meanwhile, first important
results about the distribution, mode of inheritance and the efficacy of novel CpGV isolates
overcoming CpGV resistance became available. This contribution will provide an overview
about the different developments and the progress made towards an improvement of
CpGV application in the future
Missouri\u27s Requirements for Federal Habeas Corpus Review: An Analysis of Exhaustion and Tolling of Statutes of Limitations
This summary contends that exclusion of discretionary review by the Missouri Supreme Court from the available list of remedies will not impart the statute of limitation for two reasons. First, in Missouri, the right to apply for discretionary transfer is guaranteed by the state constitution. If the statute of limitation for federal habeas corpus petitions were not tolled by a prisioner’s pending application for discretionary transfer, state prisoners would be forced unfairly to choose between state and federal constitutional rights. Second, the characterization of a particular state remedy as “extraordinary” for exhaustion purposes should not affect its character as “direct” for statute of limitation purposes
Masses and Interactions of q-Fermionic Knots
The q-electroweak theory suggests a description of elementary particles as
solitons labelled by the irreducible representations of SU_q(2). Since knots
may also be labelled by the irreducible representations of SU_q(2), we study a
model of elementary particles based on a one-to-one correspondence between the
four families of Fermions (leptons, neutrinos, (-1/3) quarks, (2/3) quarks) and
the four simplest knots (trefoils). In this model the three particles of each
family are identified with the ground and first two excited states of their
common trefoil. Guided by the standard electroweak theory we calculate
conditions restricting the masses of the fermions and the interactions between
them.
In its present form the model predicts a fourth generation of fermions as
well as a neutrino spectrum. The same model with q almost equal to 1 is
compatible with the Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix. Depending on the test of these
predictions, the model may be refined.Comment: 40 pages, 2 figures, latex forma
Habitat requirements and conservation needs of peripheral populations : the case of the great crested newt (Triturus cristatus) in the Scottish Highlands
Edge populations are of conservation importance because of their roles as reservoirs of evolutionary potential and in understanding a given species’ ecological needs. Mainly due to loss of aquatic breeding sites, the great crested newt Triturus cristatus is amongst the fastest declining amphibian species in Europe. Focusing on the north-westerly limit of the T. cristatus range, in the Scottish Highlands, we aimed to characterise habitat requirements and conservation needs of an isolated set of edge populations. We recorded 129 breeding-pond related environmental parameters, and used a variable-selection procedure followed by random forest analysis to build a predictive model for the species’ present occurrence, as well as for population persistence incorporating data on population losses. The most important variables predicting T. cristatus occurrence and persistence were associated with pond quality, pond shore and surrounding terrestrial habitat (especially mixed Pinus sylvestris - Betula woodland), and differed from those identified in the species’ core range. We propose that habitat management and pond creation should focus on the locally most favourable habitat characteristics to improve the conservation status and resilience of populations. This collaborative work, between conservation agencies and scientific researchers, is presented as an illustrative example of linking research, management and conservation
Elucidation of a novel mode of resistance of codling moth against Cydia pomonella granulovirus by homogenization experiments
SuDS and amphibians - are constructed wetlands really benefitting nature and people?
While urbanisation is a major threat to global
biodiversity, it also brings opportunities for some
species. Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) have
been installed in all Scottish cities to reduce flood
and pollution risk and they can also offer new
habitats for wildlife. We studied SuDS in Inverness
and the Scottish Central Belt to assess their value as
amphibian breeding sites, habitats, and as places
where urban people can experience nature. The
nine-year study revealed that many SuDS were of
similar ecological quality to wider countryside ponds
but that the quality of ponds is not equitably
distributed between neighbourhoods inhabited by
different socio-economic classes. However, the
findings suggest ways to improve the design and
management of SuDS for people and nature, making
access to high quality ponds available to all social
groups
Biologische Kontrolle von Eulenraupen im Kohl mittels Baculoviren
Baculoviren sind als hoch selektive biologische Kontrollagenzien für Kohleulenraupen (Mamestra brassicae) seit längerem bekannt und ihre gute Wirksamkeit wurde schon in verschiedenen Gewächshaus- und Freilandversuchen nachgewiesen. Um die Kontrollsituation von Kohleulenraupen im ökologischen Gemüseanbau insbesondere bei niedrigen Temperaturen zu verbessern, wurden die eulenpathogenen Mamestra brassicae Nukelopolyhedrovirus (MbMNPV) und Mamestra configurata Nukleopolyhedrovirus (MacoNPV-A) als mögliche Kontrollagentien geprüft. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass auch MacoNPV-A für M.brassicae pathogen ist. In vergleichenden Bioassays bei 24°C zeigten MbMNPV und MacoNPV-A keinen signifikanten Unterschied hinsichtlich ihrer biologischen Aktivität gegenüber M.brassicae. In weiteren Bioassays wurden die konzentrationsabhängige Mortalität von M.brassicae im 2. Larvenstadium sowie die gefressene Blattfläche bei 24, 20, 16 und 12°C bestimmt. Im Vergleich zu 24 und 20°C waren die mittleren Letalkonzentrationen bei 16 und 12°C 100 bzw. 1000fach höher. Für eine mittlere Reduktion der konsumierten Blattfläche waren hingegen bei Temperaturen unter 20°C 10 bis 100fach höhere Konzentrationen notwendig. Durch die Neuformulierung von MbMNPV (Probis GmbH, Wiernsheim) konnte eine Wirkungssteigerung im Vergleich zu der nicht formulierten Virussuspension im Bioassay erzielt werden. In einem Freilandtest mit künstlicher Infestation in Kohlrabi konnte eine weitere Steigerung des Wirkungsgrades durch die Kombination mit dem Bacillus thuringiensis Präparat XenTari® im Vergleich zur Einzelapplikation der beiden Präparate erreicht werden. Eine breite Freilandtestung der Baculoviren-Präparaten gegen Kohlraupen bei kühler Witterung als Einzelpräparat und in Kombination mit Bacillus thuringiensis Präparaten sowie neuester Applikationstechnik für Ober- und Unterblattbehandlung wird empfohlen
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