Quantitative Analysis of Stream Flow Rate Extremes

Stream discharge data for the State of Arkansas is analyzed for representative statistical parameters. The statistical distribution most applicable to stream discharge data in Arkansas is the Pearson type III skew frequency curve. The parameters of the Pearson type III curve for all available records in Arkansas are included as Appendix A. The parameters of the logarithmically normal frequency distribution are included as Appendix B for mean daily discharge, minimum daily discharge and instantaneous minimum daily discharge. The logarithmically normal frequency distribution may be used for the lower discharge rates in lieu of the Pearson type III distribution except where instances of zero discharge are likely. The following determinations are applicable to the State of Arkansas. There is no correlation between the coefficient of variation and area for minimum daily discharge. There is no correlation between skewness and area. The mean daily discharge rate is one cubic foot per second per square mile. Suggested applications of the parameters in Appendix A are set forth for flood control, pollution control and water supply

Mathematical Modeling of Stream Storage Potential

Streamflow data from unregulated streams in Arkansas were processed through Moran’s Model for a dam. The process involved calculating a cumulative gamma distribution for each stream as the streamflow values were incremented in units of 0.1 cubic feet per second per square mile of drainage area. This gamma distribution was then used as input for Moran’s Model. The output from Moran\u27s Model includes the probability of the reservoir having zero contents as the size of the reservoir is decreased. The logarithm of the probability of zero contents, 1n PO, versus reservoir size, K, is a straight line of the form 1n PO = -n-sK. The constants in the equation, n and s, are functions of the logarithm of the draft when the draft is expressed as a percentage of mean annual flow. The equations for 1n PO versus K were determined for each stream studied. In addition, a general equation for all streams was determined

Quantitative Analysis of Stream Flow Rate Extremes

Stream discharge data for the State of Arkansas is analyzed for representative statistical parameters. The statistical distribution most applicable to stream discharge data in Arkansas is the Pearson type III skew frequency curve. The parameters of the Pearson type III curve for all available records in Arkansas are included as Appendix A. The parameters of the logarithmically normal frequency distribution are included as Appendix B for mean daily discharge, minimum daily discharge and instantaneous minimum daily discharge. The logarithmically normal frequency distribution may be used for the lower discharge rates in lieu of the Pearson type III distribution except where instances of zero discharge are likely. The following determinations are applicable to the State of Arkansas. There is no correlation between the coefficient of variation and area for minimum daily discharge. There is no correlation between skewness and area. The mean daily discharge rate is one cubic foot per second per square mile. Suggested applications of the parameters in Appendix A are set forth for flood control, pollution control and water supply

Water Resources Planning Study for Arkansas and Oklahoma

The purpose of this study is to make an appraisal of the local water resources in the Arkansas River Basin common to the two States of Arkansas and Oklahoma as defined by the Arkansas-Oklahoma Compact Committee (hereinafter referred to as the Compact Committee ). A review, analysis, and correlation has been made of hydrologic data previously collected by others. Consideration is given to the evaluation at selected sites of the storage and potential use of existing water sources

Pelvic Pain, Pelvic Organ Prolapse, Urinary and Colorectal Distress Incidence and Relationship to Quality of Life and Birth Mode

Abstract Purpose: To determine the incidence and impact of pelvic pain, pelvic organ prolapse, urinary and colorectal distress and quality of life by birth mode for women in the chronic postpartum period. Study design: Cross-sectional correlational design utilizing purposive sampling of (n=21) female postpartum subjects ages 18-45. Background: Caesarean Section (CS) incidence is reported at 32% nationwide, well above the recommended safe rate of 10% (WHO). Literature is not clear regarding role of birth mode in postpartum symptoms including: pelvic pain, colorectal distress, pelvic organ prolapse, and quality of life. Methods: Data collection took place after IRB approval from Andrews University. Each subject who agreed to volunteer for the study and met the inclusion criteria completed (1) Health History Questionnaire, (2) SF-36, and (3) Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory. Result: Incidence reports of UI were 80% in CS and 50% in the NVD group. The CS reported significantly higher mean scores for PFIQb, UDI, POPDI and CRADI. Age was negatively correlated with CRADI and pain (Chi-square=7.02, p=0.030). NVD reported a significantly higher quality of life (as measured by the SF-36) in general and mental health compared to published norms and CS (p\u3c0.05). BMI showed a significant moderate correlation (r=0.682, p\u3c0.001) with pelvic organ prolapse. Conclusion: Our study found significant increased incidence and impact of UI, CRADI, POPDI and PFIQb symptoms and a decrease in QOL in CS compared to NVD. Age showed significant correlation with colorectal symptoms and BMI showed significant relationship to pelvic organ prolapse

Evaluation of animal sensors and technology in grazing environments

The object of the first experiments were to determine the effects of virtual fencing on cortisol concentrations and behavior of beef cattle. Mixed breed beef heifers and cows (n = 55 and 59, respectively; initial BW = 315 ± 30 kg and 484 ± 84 kg, respectively) were randomly assigned to a physically fenced (PF) or virtually fenced (VF) pasture. Animals were rotated within respective treatments for 28 or 56 d, respectively. No significant differences were observed in animal behaviors, cortisol concentrations in hair or feces, nor lactate and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations. Virtual fencing was not more stressful to animals when compared to electric fencing. The objective of the second experiment was to validate the classification of the activities, and resource, terrace position, and burn unit usage of grazing cattle made by remote monitoring collars. Angus steers (n = 12; BW = 227 ± 45.0 kg) were fitted with an electronic GPS receiver and activity collar (Herd MOOnitor Ltd). Animal activities (collected every 4 s) were determined by a real time microcontroller and an algorithm for analyzing accelerometer data, and GPS locations (collected every 5 min) were collected and classified by the collar. Animal activities included grazing, walking, and resting. GPS locations included position on terraces, burn patch, and resource utilized. Data from the collars were matched to human observation data measuring the same activity and location parameters. Data from walking and resting activities, and resource and burn patch usage were accurately matched. However, grazing activity classification (≥30%) and terrace position accuracies (≥39%) were less than the reported NIR (≥39% and ≥42%, respectively), leading researchers to conclude that grazing activities could not be accurately classified

Alterations in critical cellular pathways during lytic Epstein-Barr Virus infection

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus that infects approximately 90% of the global human population. Infection with EBV is associated with several diseases, such as Burkitt’s Lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and gastric carcinoma. In both latent and lytic states, EBV produces gene products that interfere with normal host cell signaling mechanisms. Promoter regions within the EBV genome contain binding sites for a variety of cellular transcription factors. EBV also lacks the machinery necessary for synthesis of viral proteins, and therefore must exploit major cell signaling pathways for cap-dependent translation. The PI3K–Akt–mTOR and MAPK pathways stimulate downstream targets to promote biogenesis. EBV interaction with proteins in these pathways can result in uncontrolled cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis resistance, potentially leading to carcinogenesis. Previous research shows that under rapamycin-induced inhibition of mTORC1, a major component of PI3K–Akt–mTOR pathway, EBV lytic protein production varies in a cell-type specific manner, suggesting that EBV utilizes these pathways differently among B cells and epithelial cells. For this study, I investigated the molecular targets of EBV within these pathways to gain further insight into the mechanisms involved in synthesis of EBV lytic gene products. The results show that EBV activates variable levels of proteins within the PI3K–Akt–mTOR and MAPK pathways in different cell types during lytic replication, the MAPK pathways are used as a major alternative pathway when mTORC1 is inhibited, and inhibition of the mTOR and MAPK pathways utilized by EBV does not attenuate viral replication