Tests of Hypotheses.

<p>Tests of Hypotheses.</p

Distribution of Dictator donations across the four conditions.

<p>Distribution of Dictator donations across the four conditions.</p

Dictator Game Donations.

†<p>p<0.10,</p><p>*p<0.05, Tests for difference from Control condition: t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test used to test for differences in means, medians, and proportions respectively.</p>a<p>Analysis of variance.</p>b<p>Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance.</p>c<p>Chi-square goodness of fit.</p><p>Dictator Game Donations.</p

Distribution of Dictator donations across the four conditions.

<p>Distribution of Dictator donations across the four conditions.</p

hooper_et_al_2015_individual_dyads

Field dataset utilized to analyze transfers between Tsimane' individuals. Net transfers from individual i to individual j are represented in units of calories per day. See text and electronic supplementary materials for details

hooper_et_al_2015_family_dyads

Field dataset utilized to analyze transfers between Tsimane' nuclear families. Measured net need, estimated net need, and net transfers from family i to family j are represented in units of calories per day. See text and electronic supplementary materials for details

CVD risk factors for Tsimane population, presented as prevalence (%) of high risk, and mean absolute level, for metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors and indicators of infection and inflammation.

<p>Note: Triglycerides and LDL are based on non-fasting samples for Tsimane (a 6+ hours fasting sample was used for US). Units for variables are the following: triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL and LDL (mg/dL), BMI (kg/m²), cigarette pack years (# cigarette packs smoked per day, where 1 pack-year is equal to smoking 1 pack per day for 1 year), CRP (mg/L), WBC (cells/mm³), ESR (mm/hr), SBP and DBP (mm Hg). For ESR, 20 is cutoff for women and 13 for men. Hypertension prevalence refers to 140≤SBP<160 and/or 90≤DBP<100 (Stage I) and SBP≥160 and/or DBP≥100.</p

CVD risk factors for US population (based on NHANES 1999–2004), presented as prevalence (%) of high risk, and mean absolute level, for metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors and indicators of infection and inflammation.

<p>Note: Triglycerides and LDL are based on 6+ hours fasting sample for US (a non-fasting sample was used for Tsimane). Units for variables are the following: triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL and LDL (mg/dL), BMI (kg/m²), cigarette pack years (# cigarette packs smoked per day, where 1 pack-year is equal to smoking 1 pack per day for 1 year), CRP (mg/L), WBC (cells/mm³), ESR (mm/hr), SBP and DBP (mm Hg). For ESR, 20 is cutoff for women and 13 for men. Hypertension prevalence refers to 140≤SBP<160 and/or 90≤DBP<100 (Stage I) and SBP≥160 and/or DBP≥100.</p

Prevalence of (A) Peripheral Arterial Disease (ABI<0.9) and (B) Hypertension (SBP≥140 and/or/ DBP>−90), among Tsimane and other populations.

<p>Data sources for ABI: urban China <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0006590#pone.0006590-He1" target="_blank">[67]</a>, urban Mexico <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0006590#pone.0006590-BuitrnGranados1" target="_blank">[68]</a>, South Africa <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0006590#pone.0006590-Fowkes1" target="_blank">[28]</a>, southeast Spain <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0006590#pone.0006590-Carbayo1" target="_blank">[69]</a>, Sweden (Sigvant Birgitta pers comm), Thailand <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0006590#pone.0006590-Sritara1" target="_blank">[70]</a>, United States <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0006590#pone.0006590-Selvin1" target="_blank">[9]</a>. Hypertension data for the same countries come from the World Health Organization Global Infobase, <a href="http://www.who.int/infobase/report.aspx" target="_blank">http://www.who.int/infobase/report.aspx</a>. Note: x-axis represents midpoints of age intervals because of the different age intervals reported among studies (e.g. 30–39 vs. 35–44); Hypertension defined as SBP≥140 and/or DBP≥90 except for Sweden where SBP≥160 and/or DBP≥95.</p

Comparison of cardiovascular disease risk factors among Tsimane and United States adults.

<p>Mean levels of (A) C-reactive protein (CRP, mg/L), (B) white blood cell (WBC) count (cells/mm³), (C) body mass index (BMI,kg/m²), (D) total and HDL cholesterol (mg/dL). Total cholesterol correlates strongly with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) among both Tsimane (r = .82, p<.0001) and US (r = .91, p<.0001), and with triglycerides (Tsimane: r = .48, p<.0001; US: r = .43, p<.0001), and so are not illustrated here. See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0006590#pone-0006590-t006" target="_blank">Table 6</a> for further details.</p