2,444 research outputs found
Confidentially Speaking: Protecting the Press from Liability for Broken Confidentiality Promises—\u3ci\u3eCohen v. Cowles Media Co.\u3c/i\u3e, 111 S. Ct. 2513 (1991)
In Cohen v. Cowles Media Co., the Supreme Court held that the First Amendment does not bar suits against newspapers for breaches of confidentiality promises. By following its cases holding that the press is subject to neutral laws, the Court ignored its precedent mandating that state laws inhibiting publication violate the First Amendment absent a compelling state interest. This Note explores both lines of cases and concludes that application of a state law that inhibits publication is unconstitutional if its utility in effecting a legitimate state interest is outweighed by the public\u27s interest in receiving the information. Therefore, courts should read Cohen narrowly, and legislatures should act to shield the press from liability for breach of confidentiality
Vibronic resonances facilitate excited state coherence in light harvesting proteins at room temperature
Until recently it was believed that photosynthesis, a fundamental process for
life on earth, could be fully understood with semi-classical models. However,
puzzling quantum phenomena have been observed in several photosynthetic
pigment-protein complexes, prompting questions regarding the nature and role of
these effects. Recent attention has focused on discrete vibrational modes that
are resonant or quasi-resonant with excitonic energy splittings and strongly
coupled to these excitonic states. Here we unambiguously identify excited state
coherent superpositions in photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes using a
new experimental approach. Decoherence on the timescale of the excited state
lifetime allows low energy (56 cm-1) oscillations on the signal intensity to be
observed. In conjunction with an appropriate model, these oscillations provide
clear and direct experimental evidence that the persistent coherences observed
require strong vibronic mixing among excited states
Language Assessment in a Snap: Monitoring Progress Up to 36 Months
This article describes the development and validation of the Developmental Snapshot, a 52-item parent questionnaire on child language and vocal communication development that can be administered monthly and scored automatically. The Snapshot was created to provide an easily administered monthly progress monitoring tool that enables parents to better recognize language milestones and offers professionals prompt information to fine-tune intervention strategies. Initial items were piloted by 15 families; refinement and further development of the instrument was conducted with parents of 308 typically developing children. Reliability and criterion validity metrics were examined on subsets of approximately 60 children who completed the Snapshot on a monthly basis and who were evaluated on standard assessments administered by speech language pathologists (SLPs). Divergent validity was also examined for samples of children diagnosed with language delays related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (n = 77) or not (n = 49). Results supported the criterion validity (r = .67–.97) and test–retest reliability claims of the Snapshot (r = .95). Sensitivity and specificity for language delay detection also were good at 87%. Potential applications for progress monitoring, fidelity of intervention, and enhancing parents’ awareness of their child’s language and vocal communication changes are discussed
In vitro starch disappearance procedure modifications
Four in vitro experiments evaluated the effects of ruminal fluid inoculum:artificial saliva ratios,
grinder type, grind size, and diet of ruminal fluid donor on in vitro starch disappearance. Experiment 1 examined rates of starch disappearance and coefficients of determination obtained by linear regression of starch disappearance using five grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolur (L.) Moench) lines, a corn (Zeu muys L.) control, and a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) control. Grains were incubated for 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 h with inoculum varying in proportion of ruminal fluid and artificial saliva ( l:l, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4). In vitro rates of starch disappearance and coefficients of determination were similar for the 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 inoculum dilutions and were higher (quadratic, P \u3c 0.01) than the 1:1 dilution. As the proportion of artificial saliva in the inoculum increased, in vitro pH increased (linear, P \u3c 0.01). In Experiment 2, six grain sorghum lines and a corn control were ground through a l-mm screen in a Udy (cyclone type) or Wiley mill. Starch disappearance for samples ground using a Udy mill were higher (P 0.10) by grain type fed; however, absolute rates of digestion varied among inoculate sources. Grinder, grind size, and ruminal fluid inoculum:artificial saliva ratios affected rate of starch disappearance in samples digested in vitro. Diet of ruminal fluid donor affected the rate of starch digestion, but not the relative ranking of the grains. If rates are to be compared across in vitro runs for different grains, these processing and dietary factors must be kept constant
High-Redshift Quasars Found in Sloan Digital Sky Survey Commissioning Data IV: Luminosity Function from the Fall Equatorial Stripe Sampl
This is the fourth paper in a series aimed at finding high-redshift quasars
from five-color imaging data taken along the Celestial Equator by the SDSS.
during its commissioning phase. In this paper, we use the color-selected sample
of 39 luminous high-redshift quasars presented in Paper III to derive the
evolution of the quasar luminosity function over the range of 3.6<z<5.0, and
-27.5<M_1450<-25.5 (Omega=1, H_0=50 km s^-1 Mpc^-1). We use the selection
function derived in Paper III to correct for sample incompleteness. The
luminosity function is estimated using three different methods: (1) the 1/V_a
estimator; (2) a maximum likelihood solution, assuming that the density of
quasars depends exponentially on redshift and as a power law in luminosity and
(3) Lynden-Bell's non-parametric C^- estimator. All three methods give
consistent results. The luminous quasar density decreases by a factor of ~ 6
from z=3.5 to z=5.0, consistent with the decline seen from several previous
optical surveys at z<4.5. The luminosity function follows psi(L) ~ L^{-2.5} for
z~4 at the bright end, significantly flatter than the bright end luminosity
function psi(L) \propto L^{-3.5} found in previous studies for z<3, suggesting
that the shape of the quasar luminosity function evolves with redshift as well,
and that the quasar evolution from z=2 to 5 cannot be described as pure
luminosity evolution. Possible selection biases and the effect of dust
extinction on the redshift evolution of the quasar density are also discussed.Comment: AJ accepted, with minor change
A retrospective review of α-gal syndrome complicating the management of suspected pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in one gastroenterology clinic in central Virginia
The galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal) mammalian meat allergy, α-gal syndrome, often includes diarrhea, abdominal pain, and other gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency causes similar symptoms. The pancreatic replacement enzymes, referred to here as pancreatic enzymes, used to treat pancreatic insufficiency are porcine products and contain α-gal. Patients with pancreatic insufficiency who also have α-gal syndrome may be intolerant of mammalian products in their diet and of α-gal in pancreatic enzymes. In this article, we describe 40 patients from one GI clinic in central Virginia with suspected pancreatic insufficiency and increased α-gal immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Over 50% of these patients had some clinical improvement when mammalian products were removed from the diet. Most patients could tolerate pancreatic enzymes; 10% could not tolerate them due to suspected allergy symptoms, but none developed anaphylaxis. Understanding that α-gal syndrome can be superimposed on pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and exacerbate symptoms, and that treatment with pancreatic enzymes may increase GI and/or allergy symptoms in this group, will lead to improved medical management of this complex patient population
Photometric redshifts from reconstructed QSO templates
From SDSS commissioning photometric and spectroscopic data, we investigate
the utility of photometric redshift techniques to the task of estimating QSO
redshifts. We consider empirical methods (e.g. nearest-neighbor searches and
polynomial fitting), standard spectral template fitting and hybrid approaches
(i.e. training spectral templates from spectroscopic and photometric
observations of QSOs). We find that in all cases, due to the presence of strong
emission-lines within the QSO spectra, the nearest-neighbor and template
fitting methods are superior to the polynomial fitting approach. Applying a
novel reconstruction technique, we can, from the SDSS multicolor photometry,
reconstruct a statistical representation of the underlying SEDs of the SDSS
QSOs. Although, the reconstructed templates are based on only broadband
photometry the common emission lines present within the QSO spectra can be
recovered in the resulting spectral energy distributions. The technique should
be useful in searching for spectral differences among QSOs at a given redshift,
in searching for spectral evolution of QSOs, in comparing photometric redshifts
for objects beyond the SDSS spectroscopic sample with those in the well
calibrated photometric redshifts for objects brighter than 20th magnitude and
in searching for systematic and time variable effects in the SDSS broad band
photometric and spectral photometric calibrations.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures, LaTeX AASTeX, submitted to A
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