978 research outputs found
Optimizing Rydberg Gates for Logical Qubit Performance
Robust gate sequences are widely used to reduce the sensitivity of gate
operations to experimental imperfections. Typically, the optimization minimizes
the average gate error, however, recent work in quantum error correction has
demonstrated that the performance of encoded logical qubits is sensitive to not
only the average error rate, but also the type of errors that occur. Here, we
present a family of Rydberg blockade gates for neutral atom qubits that are
robust against two common, major imperfections: intensity inhomogeneity and
Doppler shifts. These gates outperform existing gates for moderate or large
imperfections. We also consider the logical performance of these gates in the
context of an erasure-biased qubit based on metastable Yb. In this
case, we observe that the robust gates outperform existing gates for even very
small values of the imperfections, because they maintain the native large bias
towards erasure errors for these qubits. These results significantly reduce the
laser stability and atomic temperature requirements to achieve fault-tolerant
quantum computing with neutral atoms. The approach of optimizing gates for
logical qubit performance may be applied to other qubit platforms.Comment: v3: Added discussion of AC-Stark shifts; v2: Updated reference
Identifying candidate hosts for quantum defects via data mining
Atom-like defects in solid-state hosts are promising candidates for the
development of quantum information systems, but despite their importance, the
host substrate/defect combinations currently under study have almost
exclusively been found serendipitously. Here we systematically evaluate the
suitability of host materials by applying a combined four-stage data mining and
manual screening process to all entries in the Materials Project database, with
literature-based experimental confirmation of band gap values. We identify 580
viable host substrates for quantum defect introduction and use in quantum
information systems. While this constitutes a significant increase in the
number of known and potentially viable material systems, it nonetheless
represents a significant (99.54%) reduction from the total number of known
inorganic phases, and the application of additional selection criteria for
specific applications will reduce their number even further. The screening
principles outlined may easily be applied to previously unrealized phases and
other technologically important materials systems.Comment: Currently under consideration at npj Computational Material
Hybrid III-V diamond photonic platform for quantum nodes based on neutral silicon vacancy centers in diamond
Integrating atomic quantum memories based on color centers in diamond with
on-chip photonic devices would enable entanglement distribution over long
distances. However, efforts towards integration have been challenging because
color centers can be highly sensitive to their environment, and their
properties degrade in nanofabricated structures. Here, we describe a
heterogeneously integrated, on-chip, III-V diamond platform designed for
neutral silicon vacancy (SiV0) centers in diamond that circumvents the need for
etching the diamond substrate. Through evanescent coupling to SiV0 centers near
the surface of diamond, the platform will enable Purcell enhancement of SiV0
emission and efficient frequency conversion to the telecommunication C-band.
The proposed structures can be realized with readily available fabrication
techniques
Selection and Penalty Strategies for Genetic Algorithms Designed to Solve Spatial Forest Planning Problems
Genetic algorithms (GAs) have demonstrated success in solving spatial forest planning problems. We present an adaptive GA that incorporates population-level statistics to dynamically update penalty functions, a process analogous to strategic oscillation from the tabu search literature. We also explore performance of various selection strategies. The GA identified feasible solutions within 96%, 98%, and 93% of a nonspatial relaxed upper bound calculated for landscapes of 100, 500, and 1000 units, respectively. The problem solved includes forest structure constraints limiting harvest opening sizes and requiring minimally sized patches of mature forest. Results suggest that the dynamic penalty strategy is superior to the more standard static penalty implementation. Results also suggest that tournament selection can be superior to the more standard implementation of proportional selection for smaller problems, but becomes susceptible to premature convergence as problem size increases. It is therefore important to balance selection pressure with appropriate disruption. We conclude that integrating intelligent search strategies into the context of genetic algorithms can yield improvements and should be investigated for future use in spatial planning with ecological goals
Ocean processes at the Antarctic continental slope
The Antarctic continental shelves and slopes occupy relatively small areas, but, nevertheless, are important for global climate, biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem functioning. Processes of water mass transformation through sea ice formation/melting and ocean-atmosphere interaction are key to the formation of deep and bottom waters as well as determining the heat flux beneath ice shelves. Climate models, however, struggle to capture these physical processes and are unable to reproduce water mass properties of the region. Dynamics at the continental slope are key for correctly modelling climate, yet their small spatial scale presents challenges both for ocean modelling and for observational studies. Cross-slope exchange processes are also vital for the flux of nutrients such as iron from the continental shelf into the mixed layer of the Southern Ocean. An © 2014 The Authors
Boolean analysis identifies CD38 as a biomarker of aggressive localized prostate cancer.
The introduction of serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) testing nearly 30 years ago has been associated with a significant shift towards localized disease and decreased deaths due to prostate cancer. Recognition that PSA testing has caused over diagnosis and over treatment of prostate cancer has generated considerable controversy over its value, and has spurred efforts to identify prognostic biomarkers to distinguish patients who need treatment from those that can be observed. Recent studies show that cancer is heterogeneous and forms a hierarchy of tumor cell populations. We developed a method of identifying prostate cancer differentiation states related to androgen signaling using Boolean logic. Using gene expression data, we identified two markers, CD38 and ARG2, that group prostate cancer into three differentiation states. Cancers with CD38-, ARG2- expression patterns, corresponding to an undifferentiated state, had significantly lower 10-year recurrence-free survival compared to the most differentiated group (CD38+ARG2+). We carried out immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for these two markers in a single institution (Stanford; n = 234) and multi-institution (Canary; n = 1326) cohorts. IHC staining for CD38 and ARG2 in the Stanford cohort demonstrated that combined expression of CD38 and ARG2 was prognostic. In the Canary cohort, low CD38 protein expression by IHC was significantly associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS), seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), extra-capsular extension (ECE) in univariable analysis. In multivariable analysis, ARG2 and CD38 IHC staining results were not independently associated with RFS, overall survival, or disease-specific survival after adjusting for other factors including SVI, ECE, Gleason score, pre-operative PSA, and surgical margins
Application of functional genomics to the chimeric mouse model of HCV infection: optimization of microarray protocols and genomics analysis
BACKGROUND: Many model systems of human viral disease involve human-mouse chimeric tissue. One such system is the recently developed SCID-beige/Alb-uPA mouse model of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection which involves a human-mouse chimeric liver. The use of functional genomics to study HCV infection in these chimeric tissues is complicated by the potential cross-hybridization of mouse mRNA on human oligonucleotide microarrays. To identify genes affected by mouse liver mRNA hybridization, mRNA from identical human liver samples labeled with either Cy3 or Cy5 was compared in the presence and absence of known amounts of mouse liver mRNA labeled in only one dye. RESULTS: The results indicate that hybridization of mouse mRNA to the corresponding human gene probe on Agilent Human 22 K oligonucleotide microarray does occur. The number of genes affected by such cross-hybridization was subsequently reduced to approximately 300 genes both by increasing the hybridization temperature and using liver samples which contain at least 80% human tissue. In addition, Real Time quantitative RT-PCR using human specific probes was shown to be a valid method to verify the expression level in human cells of known cross-hybridizing genes. CONCLUSION: The identification of genes affected by cross-hybridization of mouse liver RNA on human oligonucleotide microarrays makes it feasible to use functional genomics approaches to study the chimeric SCID-beige/Alb-uPA mouse model of HCV infection. This approach used to study cross-species hybridization on oligonucleotide microarrays can be adapted to other chimeric systems of viral disease to facilitate selective analysis of human gene expression
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