A Circle of Friends: Persuasive Tools to Improve Heart Health

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading causes of death in the United States and worldwide. While CVD risk factors are well-known and many can be changed with diet and exercise, more research is needed to understand how to design effective interventions that help patients reduce CVD risk. In this paper, we present the results of a content analysis of the Health Freedom Circle of Friends (COF) Walking Program, a community-based health program run by a public health non-profit that has been shown to reduce CVD risks. We examine the design to better understand the persuasive tools used as well as parts of the design that might benefit from a technological intervention

Ethnic Comparison of Weight Loss in Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1038/oby.2002.1

Need for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Persons With Serious Mental Illness: Design of a Comprehensive Intervention

Persons with serious mental illness (SMI) comprise a high-risk group for cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality with rates at least twice those of the overall US. Potentially modifiable CVD risk behaviors (tobacco smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet) and risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia) are all markedly elevated in persons with SMI. Evaluations of programs implementing integrated medical care into specialty mental health settings have not shown meaningful effects on CVD risk factor reduction. Rigorously tested, innovative interventions are needed to address the large burden of CVD risk in populations with SMI. In this article, we describe the design of a comprehensive 18-month intervention to decrease CVD risk that we are studying in a randomized clinical trial in a community mental health organization with psychiatric rehabilitation programs. The individual-level intervention incorporated health behavior coaching and care coordination/care management to address all seven CVD risk behaviors and risk factors, and is delivered by a health coach and nurse. If successful, the intervention could be adopted within current integrated care models and significantly improve the physical health of persons with SMI

Partial Meal Replacement Plan and Quality of the Diet at 1 Year: Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) Trial

Little is known about diet quality with a reduced-energy, low-fat, partial meal replacement (PMR) plan, especially in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) trial implemented a PMR plan in the intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI)

Randomized trial of achieving healthy lifestyles in psychiatric rehabilitation: the ACHIEVE trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Overweight and obesity are highly prevalent among persons with serious mental illness. These conditions likely contribute to premature cardiovascular disease and a 20 to 30 percent shortened life expectancy in this vulnerable population. Persons with serious mental illness need effective, appropriately tailored behavioral interventions to achieve and maintain weight loss. Psychiatric rehabilitation day programs provide logical intervention settings because mental health consumers often attend regularly and exercise can take place on-site. This paper describes the Randomized Trial of Achieving Healthy Lifestyles in Psychiatric Rehabilitation (ACHIEVE). The goal of the study is to determine the effectiveness of a behavioral weight loss intervention among persons with serious mental illness that attend psychiatric rehabilitation programs. Participants randomized to the intervention arm of the study are hypothesized to have greater weight loss than the control group.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>A targeted 320 men and women with serious mental illness and overweight or obesity (body mass index ≥ 25.0 kg/m²) will be recruited from 10 psychiatric rehabilitation programs across Maryland. The core design is a randomized, two-arm, parallel, multi-site clinical trial to compare the effectiveness of an 18-month behavioral weight loss intervention to usual care. Active intervention participants receive weight management sessions and physical activity classes on-site led by study interventionists. The intervention incorporates cognitive adaptations for persons with serious mental illness attending psychiatric rehabilitation programs. The initial intensive intervention period is six months, followed by a twelve-month maintenance period in which trained rehabilitation program staff assume responsibility for delivering parts of the intervention. Primary outcomes are weight loss at six and 18 months.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>Evidence-based approaches to the high burden of obesity and cardiovascular disease risk in person with serious mental illness are urgently needed. The ACHIEVE Trial is tailored to persons with serious mental illness in community settings. This multi-site randomized clinical trial will provide a rigorous evaluation of a practical behavioral intervention designed to accomplish and sustain weight loss in persons with serious mental illness.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>Clinical Trials.gov NCT00902694</p

A multi-level system quality improvement intervention to reduce racial disparities in hypertension care and control: study protocol

BACKGROUND: Racial disparities in blood pressure control have been well documented in the United States. Research suggests that many factors contribute to this disparity, including barriers to care at patient, clinician, healthcare system, and community levels. To date, few interventions aimed at reducing hypertension disparities have addressed factors at all of these levels. This paper describes the design of Project ReD CHiP (Reducing Disparities and Controlling Hypertension in Primary Care), a multi-level system quality improvement project. By intervening on multiple levels, this project aims to reduce disparities in blood pressure control and improve guideline concordant hypertension care. METHODS: Using a pragmatic trial design, we are implementing three complementary multi-level interventions designed to improve blood pressure measurement, provide patient care management services and offer expanded provider education resources in six primary care clinics in Baltimore, Maryland. We are staggering the introduction of the interventions and will use Statistical Process Control (SPC) charting to determine if there are changes in outcomes at each clinic after implementation of each intervention. The main hypothesis is that each intervention will have an additive effect on improvements in guideline concordant care and reductions in hypertension disparities, but the combination of all three interventions will result in the greatest impact, followed by blood pressure measurement with care management support, blood pressure measurement with provider education, and blood pressure measurement only. This study also examines how organizational functioning and cultural competence affect the success of the interventions. DISCUSSION: As a quality improvement project, Project ReD CHiP employs a novel study design that specifically targets multi-level factors known to contribute to hypertension disparities. To facilitate its implementation and improve its sustainability, we have incorporated stakeholder input and tailored components of the interventions to meet the specific needs of the involved clinics and communities. Results from this study will provide knowledge about how integrated multi-level interventions can improve hypertension care and reduce disparities. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT0156686

Design and Implementation of a Time-Restricted Eating Intervention in a Randomized, Controlled Eating Study

The efficacy of time-restricted eating for weight loss has not been established, as prior studies were limited by a lack of controlled isocaloric designs. This study describes the design and implementation of interventions in a controlled eating study evaluating time-restricted eating. We designed a randomized, controlled, parallel-arm eating study comparing time-restricted eating (TRE) to a usual eating pattern (UEP) for the primary outcome of weight change. Participants were aged 21–69 years with prediabetes and obesity. TRE consumed 80% of calories by 1300 h (military time), and UEP consumed ≥ 50% of calories after 1700 h (military time). Both arms consumed identical macro- and micro-nutrients based on a healthy, palatable diet. We calculated individual calorie requirements, which were maintained throughout the intervention. The desired distribution of calories across eating windows in both arms was achieved, as were the weekly averages for macronutrients and micronutrients. We actively monitored participants and adapted diets to facilitate adherence. We provide the first report, to our knowledge, on the design and implementation of eating study interventions that isolated the effect of meal timing on weight while maintaining constant caloric intake and identical diets during the study period

Adherence to Diet and Meal Timing in a Randomized Controlled Feeding Study of Time-Restricted Feeding

Adherence is critical in feeding studies to determine the efficacy of dietary interventions. This time-restricted intake of meals (TRIM) investigation was a controlled feeding study that randomized 41 participants to follow 12 weeks of time-restricted feeding (TRF) or a usual feeding pattern (UFP). Adherence was optimized through careful screening and participant orientation, flexibility in beverages and seasonings, and frequent contact between participants and staff. Adherence was measured daily using a self-administered diary form. We calculated the percentage of participant-days with perfect adherence to meal timing (ate all meals within their designated time window) and to food consumption (ate all study food and no non-study food). Adherence was compared between study arms, days of the week, and weeks of the study period using generalized estimating equations (GEE) regression. There was perfect adherence to meal timing on 87% of participant-days and to food consumption on 94% of participant-days, with no significant difference by arm. In UFP, but not TRF, participants had lower adherence to meal timing over the weekend (p-value = 0.002) and during the first two weeks of intervention (p-value = 0.03). A controlled feeding study randomizing free-living individuals to different meal timings achieved a high degree of adherence to meal timing and food consumption, utilizing multiple strategies

Randomized Trial on the Effects of Dietary Potassium on Blood Pressure and Serum Potassium Levels in Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease

In the general population, an increased potassium (K) intake lowers blood pressure (BP). The effects of K have not been well-studied in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This randomized feeding trial with a 2-period crossover design compared the effects of diets containing 100 and 40 mmol K/day on BP in 29 adults with stage 3 CKD and treated or untreated systolic BP (SBP) 120–159 mmHg and diastolic BP (DBP) &lt;100 mmHg. The primary outcome was 24 h ambulatory systolic BP. The higher-versus lower-K diet had no significant effect on 24 h SBP (−2.12 mm Hg; p = 0.16) and DBP (−0.70 mm Hg; p = 0.44). Corresponding differences in clinic BP were −4.21 mm Hg for SBP (p = 0.054) and −0.08 mm Hg for DBP (p = 0.94). On the higher-K diet, mean serum K increased by 0.21 mmol/L (p = 0.003) compared to the lower-K diet; two participants had confirmed hyperkalemia (serum K ≥ 5.5 mmol/L). In conclusion, a higher dietary intake of K did not lower 24 h SBP, while clinic SBP reduction was of borderline statistical significance. Additional trials are warranted to understand the health effects of increased K intake in individuals with CKD