Occurrence of natural infection by Giardia sp. in goats and sheep reared in extensive system in cerrado of Piauí, Brazil / Ocorrência da infecção natural por Giardia sp. em caprinos e ovinos criados em sistema extensivo no cerrado do Piauí, Brasil

The present study aimed to identify natural infection by Giardia sp. in fecal samples collected from goats and sheep raised in an extensive system in the Cerrado biome of Piauí, Brazil. Two hundred fecal samples from goats and sheep (100 for each species) were collected from 6 properties located in the municipality of Bom Jesus, Piauí, Brazil. In addition, data regarding properties and animals, including species, age, sex, and identification number, were collected. The samples were processed using the centrifugal-flotation technique in zinc sulfate and analyzed using optical microscopy (magnification 40×). Of the 200 samples analyzed, 70 (35%) were positive for Giardia sp., with goats exhibiting an absolute and relative frequency of 37/100 (37%) and adult females being more affected (25/62 [40.32%]), while 33/100 (33%) sheep were positive, with greater positivity also observed in adult females (17/55 [30.90%]). Results of this study demonstrate for what is to our knowledge the first time that goats and sheep raised extensively are exposed to infection by Giardia sp. in Bom Jesus, Piauí. This is also presumably the first report to describe giardiasis in goats and sheep in the state of Piauí, Brazil

Predominance of Intrinsic Mechanism of Resting Heart Rate Control and Preserved Baroreflex Sensitivity in Professional Cyclists after Competitive Training.

Different season trainings may influence autonomic and non-autonomic cardiac control of heart rate and provokes specific adaptations on heart's structure in athletes. We investigated the influence of transition training (TT) and competitive training (CT) on resting heart rate, its mechanisms of control, spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and relationships between heart rate mechanisms and cardiac structure in professional cyclists (N = 10). Heart rate (ECG) and arterial blood pressure (Pulse Tonometry) were recorded continuously. Autonomic blockade was performed (atropine-0.04 mg.kg-1; esmolol-500 μg.kg-1 = 0.5 mg). Vagal effect, intrinsic heart rate, parasympathetic (n) and sympathetic (m) modulations, autonomic influence, autonomic balance and BRS were calculated. Plasma norepinephrine (high-pressure liquid chromatography) and cardiac structure (echocardiography) were evaluated. Resting heart rate was similar in TT and CT. However, vagal effect, intrinsic heart rate, autonomic influence and parasympathetic modulation (higher n value) decreased in CT (P≤0.05). Sympathetic modulation was similar in both trainings. The autonomic balance increased in CT but still showed parasympathetic predominance. Cardiac diameter, septum and posterior wall thickness and left ventricular mass also increased in CT (P<0.05) as well as diastolic function. We observed an inverse correlation between left ventricular diastolic diameter, septum and posterior wall thickness and left ventricular mass with intrinsic heart rate. Blood pressure and BRS were similar in both trainings. Intrinsic heart rate mechanism is predominant over vagal effect during CT, despite similar resting heart rate. Preserved blood pressure levels and BRS during CT are probably due to similar sympathetic modulation in both trainings

Avaliação do efeito farmacológico de Hyptis suaveolens(L) Poit (Lamiaceae) sobre o terceiro estádio larval (L3) de Cochliomyia hominivorax e Musca domestica

Fly infestations if not properly controlled can drastically reduce the productivity of animals and harm human health. The emergence of resistant insects leads to novel pharmacological bases research on medicinal plants with high insecticidal activity. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal effect of the ethanolic extract of Hyptis suaveolens (L) Poit (Lamiaceae) leaves on the third larval stage (L3) of Cochliomyia hominivorax and Musca domestica. According to the results, the ethanolic extract of H. suaveolens in the concentrations of 1.0%, 10%, 100%, and 1000% did not present effective biological activity on third-stage larvae of Cochliomyia hominivorax and Musca domestica.As infestações por moscas quando não controladas adequadamente podem reduzir drasticamente a produtividade dos animais e causar danos à saúde de humanos. Com o aparecimento de insetos resistentes, tem-se buscado novas bases farmacológicas a partir de plantas medicinais com alta atividade inseticida. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar efeito larvicida do extrato etanólico das folhas de Hyptis suaveolens (L) Poit (Lamiaceae) sobre o terceiro estádio larval (L3) de Cochliomyia hominivorax e Musca domestica. De acordo com os resultados, o extrato etanólico de H. suaveolens nas concentrações utilizadas de 1,0%, 10%, 100% e 1000% não apresentou atividade biológica eficaz sobre as larvas de terceiro estádio de Cochliomyia hominivorax e Musca domestica

Avaliação “in vitro” do efeito acaricida do extrato etanólico das folhas de Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit (Lamiaceae) sobre fêmeas ingurgitadas de Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latraille, 1806) (Acari:Ixodidae)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar “in vitro” o efeito acaricida do extrato etanólico das folhas de Hyptis suaveolens sobre fêmeas ingurgitadas de Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Foram coletadas manualmente, 150 fêmeas ingurgitadas de carrapatos, de cães naturalmente infestados, da microrregião de Bom Jesus-PI, Brasil. Para realização do teste de imersão sobre fêmeas ingurgitadas, foram testadas 3 diluições do extrato etanólico nas concentrações de 0.1, 1.0 e 10.0%, obtidas a partir do teste de toxicidade frente a Artemia salina. Foram utilizadas 10 fêmeas ingurgitadas para cada tratamento. Os testes foram realizados em triplicata. Para o controle negativo, foi utilizado água destilada e, para o controle positivo, Cypermetrina. Foi observado, nas concentrações testadas, eficácia de 29,93%, 32,71%, e 30,63% respectivamente. Os dados obtidos nesse estudo revelaram que o extrato etanólico das folhas de H. suaveolens, nas concentrações testadas, não apresenta atividade acaricida para fêmeas de Rhipicephalus sanguineus, segundo padrões do Ministério da Agricultura

Resting HR, vagal effect and intrinsic HR in professional cyclists (N = 10) at transition (TT) and competitive training (CT).

<p>HR = heart rate.</p